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Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities: a review on stability and instability results
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we review recent results on stability and instability in logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, with a particular emphasis on strong norms. We consider several versions of these inequalities on the Euclidean space, for the Lebesgue and the Gaussian measures, and discuss their differences in terms of moments and stability. We give new and direct proofs, as well as examples and discuss the stability of a logarithmic uncertainty principle. Although we do not cover all aspects of the topic, we hope to contribute to establishing the state of the art
Liquid Drop Model for Nuclear Matter in the Low Density Limit
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the liquid drop model with a positive background density in the thermodynamic limit. We prove a two-term asymptotics for the ground state energy per unit volume in the dilute limit. Our proof justifies the expectation that optimal configurations consist of droplets of unit size that arrange themselves according to minimizers for the Jellium problem for point particles. In particular, we provide the first rigorous derivation of what is known as the gnocchi phase in astrophysics
Neighborhood Effect and Job Search Behaviors
No full textDo neighbors influence job search behavior? We address this question using a Manski-type model with four search channels. Results show that neighbors' use of a channel affects individuals' own use, particularly for signaling one's job search in the media and using personal or professional networks, as opposed to more conventional methods such as contacting employers or intermediaries. We also find effects of neighbors' occupations. Our findings suggest that local social interactions may amplify labor market inequalities across neighborhoods, as there are stronger incentives to search when unemployed neighbors are actively searching and employed neighbors hold higher-status jobs
Integrating ethical, societal and environmental issues into algorithm design courses
No full textThis document, intended for computer science teachers, describes a case study that puts into practice a questioning of ethical, societal and environmental issues when designing or implementing a decision support system. This study is based on a very popular application, namely road navigation software that informs users of real-time traffic conditions and suggests routes between a starting point and a destination, taking these conditions into account (such as Waze). The approach proposes to intertwine technical considerations (optimal path algorithms, data needed for location, etc.) with a broader view of the ethical, environmental and societal issues raised by the tools studied. Based on the authors' experience conducting sessions with students over several years, this document discusses the context of such a study, suggests teaching resources for implementing it, describes ways to structure discussions, and shares scenarios in different teaching contexts
Certified to Stay ? Long-Run Experimental Evidence on Land Formalization and Widows’ Tenure Security in Benin
No full textIn settings where women's land rights are informal, the death of a husband can severely limit a widow's access to land and her ability to remain in her home -- especially in the absence of a male heir. This paper examines whether large-scale land formalization programs can improve widows' land access. Using data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Benin, the analysis finds that widows in villages with land formalization are more likely to stay in their homes four years after the program, with the strongest effects among those without a male heir. The paper identifies two key mechanisms: enhanced community recognition of women's land rights and greater decision-making power over land resources. These findings highlight the potential of land formalization to strengthen women's tenure security and promote their long-term economic stability in similar settings
Mother Earth and the matriarchal imaginary of environmental law: posthuman advances and biopolitical limits of the rights of nature
No full textInternational audienceAt the turn of the twenty-first century, the figure of Mother Earth has been recognized as a person with autonomous rights in the law of various traditions globally. Ecuador’s 2008 Constitution marked a significant moment when it granted legal personality to the Pachamama. Bolivia followed suit by recognizing the rights of Mother Earth, although not as constitutionally protected fundamental rights. Similarly, New Zealand’s Te Awa Tupua law (2017) enshrined the rights of the Whanganui River as a legal person, embodying the Māori principle Ko au te awa, ko te awa ko au (I am the river and the river is me). These legal reforms attempt to integrate Indigenous worldviews into Western legal frameworks inherited from colonialism. They have been welcomed as a radical overhaul of the anthropocentric paradigm of law. Enshrining the figure of Mother Earth as a subject of law can also be interpreted as a shift toward ecofeminist ideals, where nature’s legal personhood aligns with matriarchal mythologies. However, these evolutions have also been denounced as the biopolitical subjection of nature resulting from the inability of Western law’s rights discourse to encompass the deeper spiritual and physical connections between humans and nonhumans, celebrated in Indigenous cosmologies. Posthuman feminist care ethics might offer a better frame than rights for integrating the specific relation of stewardship encapsulated in Indigenous cosmologies
Elimination of annotation dependencies in validation for Modern JSON Schema
No full textInternational audienc
Sharp comparisons between sliced and standard -Wasserstein distances
No full textSliced Wasserstein distances are widely used in practice as a computationally efficient alternative to Wasserstein distances in high dimensions. In this paper, motivated by theoretical foundations of this alternative, we prove quantitative estimates between the sliced 1-Wasserstein distance and the 1-Wasserstein distance. We construct a concrete example to demonstrate the exponents in the estimate is sharp. We also provide a general analysis for the case where slicing involves projections onto k-planes and not just lines
Santé mentale en tension Enjeux épistémologiques, politiques et cliniques d’un espace fragmenté
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesMental health has emerged as a major policy issue at the crossroads of health, political, and ethical concerns. Declared a “national cause” in 2025 and 2026, it is receiving renewed attention while the associated theoretical paradigms and public programs are the subject of intense debate. In this context, an interdisciplinary workshop entitled “Mental Health Policies: Pluralistic Concepts and Perspectives” was held in June of 2025. The event aimed to foster dialogue between researchers, clinicians, and institutional actors regarding the tensions that structure the mental health landscape.Materials and methodsWe report the discussions that took place during this workshop based on an inductive analysis of the exchanges using Braun and Clarke's (2006) method. The corpus, consisting of all interactions, was coded into more than 1700 segments grouped into thematic axes, then manually refined.ResultsFirst, the lack of collective representation of care providers appears to be a persistent consequence of a fragmented health care organization. Care delivery modes and patient populations vary greatly, and the different paths (private practice, community-based care, academic–hospital settings, etc.) often operate in silos. While this diversity reflects initiative and innovation, it does not uphold an unified voice. Second, paradigmatic reframing is considered necessary, integrating prevention, diagnosis, and care. New tools make it possible to articulate biological, clinical, social, or linguistic data without imposing a single overarching model. The objective is to create transparent, interoperable and inclusive methodologies between biomedical, psychodynamic, and social approaches to strengthen user involvement. . Third, in a context of budgetary constraint, it is also crucial to re-allocate funding toward what is most useful for care. This requires identifying financing mechanisms that promote good practices through appropriate incentives and support the many teams engaged in experimentation and evaluation.DiscussionThis workshop shed light on the major forces at play: an acknowledged plurality of approaches, constructive disagreements over evidence-based models, and a shared commitment to tying together the complexity of clinical situations and organizational structures. Its main contribution lies in bringing into dialogue worlds that rarely meet : clinical practice, social sciences, and institutions. The exchanges showed how these perspectives can enrich one another when they are articulated together.ConclusionOur team effort is expected to grow through further meetings , particularly on: (i) research policy issues in mental health (data and commons); (ii) the role of care providers, users, and caregivers in decision-making processes; and (iii) the financing of psychiatry (allocated budgets and psychotherapy coverage).ObjectifsLa santé mentale s’impose comme un enjeu sociétal majeur à la croisée de préoccupations sanitaires, politiques et éthiques. Déclarée « grande cause nationale » en 2025 et 2026, elle fait l’objet d’une attention renouvelée alors que les paradigmes théoriques et les politiques publiques qui s’y rattachent se trouvent au cœur de vifs débats. Dans ce contexte a été organisée en juin 2025 une journée d’étude interdisciplinaire intitulée « Politiques de santé mentale : concepts et perspectives pluriels », rencontre visant à faire dialoguer chercheurs, cliniciens et acteurs institutionnels autour des tensions qui structurent l’espace de la santé mentale.Matériels et méthodesNous restituons les propos tenus dans le cadre de cette journée à partir d’une analyse inductive fondée sur la méthode de Braun et Clarke (2006). Le corpus constitué de l’intégralité des échanges a été codé en plus de 1700 segments regroupés en axes thématiques, avant d’être manuellement retravaillé.RésultatsPrimo, le défaut de représentation des acteurs du soin apparaît le produit persistant de l’organisation du système de santé. Les contextes d’exercice et patientèles divergent, les circuits (libéral, secteur, hospitalo-universitaire, etc.) fonctionnent souvent en silos. Cette diversité, signe d’initiative, a pour revers une dilution du message collectif. Secondo, un refondement paradigmatique est jugé nécessaire, intégrant prévention, diagnostic et soins. De nouveaux outils peuvent articuler données biologiques, cliniques, sociales ou linguistiques, sans imposer un modèle unique. Il s’agit de créer des espaces de partage entre approches biomédicales, psychodynamiques et sociales, de renforcer la participation des usagers, et de s’appuyer sur des méthodologies transparentes, interopérables et inclusives. Tertio, dans un contexte de restriction budgétaire, il semble prioritaire de rediriger les fonds vers ce qui est utile aux soins. Il s’agit d’identifier des modes de financement qui soutiennent les bonnes pratiques, les nombreuses équipes qui expérimentent et évaluent.DiscussionCette journée d’étude a permis de rendre visibles les lignes de force à l’œuvre : une pluralité d’approches assumée, des désaccords argumentés sur les cadres de preuve, ainsi que la volonté partagée de tenir ensemble la complexité des situations cliniques et des organisations. L’apport principal tient à la mise en relation de mondes qui dialoguent rarement dans le même temps : clinique, sciences sociales, et institutions. Les échanges ont montré comment ces registres peuvent s’enrichir mutuellement lorsqu’ils sont articulés.ConclusionNotre collectif est amené à se densifier et de nouveaux temps d’échanges sont prévus, notamment sur : (i) les thématiques des politiques de recherche en santé mentale (données et communs) ; (ii) la place des soignants, des usagers et des aidants dans les processus décisionnaires ; (iii) le financement de la psychiatrie (budgets alloués et remboursement des psychothérapies)