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First implementation of a collaborative care model for common mental disorders in primary care in France: Fidelity of care manager intervention matters
No full textAbstract Background Care for common mental disorders relies on primary care, where they often remain undiagnosed and untreated. The collaborative care model (CoCM) is a team-based approach involving care managers (CMs) who work alongside general practitioners and remote psychiatrists to provide evidence-based mental healthcare. Between 2021 and 2023, a pilot study implemented the CoCM for the first time in France in four primary care practices with nurses with previous professional experience in psychiatry acting as the CMs. As part of the implementation research of this pilot, we analyzed the fidelity of the CM intervention with the original CoCM, considering the CM process of care metrics and whether it followed a stepped-care approach, and its link with patients’ outcomes, which have rarely been addressed in previous international research on the CoCM. Methods Using electronic medical records, we calculated fidelity measures, including CM early intervention (time to first intervention), intensive care (number of visits and intervention duration), evidence-based care (type of care delivered), and variations according to initial symptom severity, in line with a stepped-care approach. Patient outcomes, particularly depression response and remission, were described according to initial symptom severity and fidelity measures. Results A total of 235 patients were included in the study. The care provided by CMs tended to match the original CoCM, in terms of early intervention, intensive care, and type of care delivered. It was adapted to the initial symptom severity, in particular for early intervention, in line with a stepped-care approach. Higher fidelity of the CM intervention to the CoCM, especially with respect to the time to treatment initiation and number of visits, was associated with better patient outcomes. Conclusions The CoCM shows promise for improving the treatment of common mental disorders in a stepped-care approach in French primary care. Its extension requires ensuring the fidelity of the CM intervention to the model in real-world settings, which appears crucial to achieving optimal patient outcomes and provides useful lessons for other countries implementing the CoCM. Trial registration number : not applicabl
When multi-labelling backfires. The influence of sustainability FOP labels valence and orientation
No full textTo inform and encourage responsible consumer choices, the use of sustainability (i.e., health and/or environmental), front-of-package labels on food products is becoming increasingly widespread. While the benefits of a single label are well-documented, less is known about the effects of multi-labelling – when multiple front-of-package labels are displayed on packaging – especially when these labels differ in valence (i.e., positive versus negative) and orientation (i.e., self-oriented versus others-oriented). Through two experimental studies, we examine how consumers respond to multi-labelling in this context. We show that conflicting labels, displaying opposite valences, cause confusion, regardless of their orientation, without affecting purchase intentions. Furthermore, they reduce moral satisfaction when both are others-oriented, which decreases purchase intentions. Finally, same-valence labels, regardless of their orientation, do not impact the mediating psychological mechanisms (moral satisfaction and consumer confusion) but instead directly influence purchase intentions, positively when both labels are others-oriented and negatively when the labels differ in orientation. In line with Kahneman's dual process theory, consumers process multi-labelling differently depending on labels valence and orientation: similar-valence labels seem to prompt automatic processing (System 1), whereas opposite-valence labels appear to require more deliberate cognitive processing (System 2). These findings provide new insights on multi-labelling, offering practical implications for managers and policymakers seeking to optimize labelling strategies for health and environmental sustainability
Le management a-t-il un langage professionnel ?
No full textDoes management have a professional language? Based on Beckmann's General Technology (1806) and Volume 3 of General Electric's Blue Books on The Work of a Professional Manager (1954), this article analyzes terms, particularly action verbs, and compares the two corpora. We conclude (1) that general management does indeed have the properties of a general technology in Beckmann's sense. ; (2) that the work of the professional manager as presented by General Electric does indeed take the form of a nomenclature with main entries and subdivisions, like Beckmann's general technology, but that, unlike Beckmann's nomenclature, a number of sub-activities are found in several of the four major management activities, and that the verbs used remain at a high level of generality; (3) that the terms used are indeed unambiguous, as in specialized and professional languages; (4) that there is a structure that broadly resembles hypernym/hyponym relationships, but this is only partial; (5) that General Electric's management language in 1954 contains no neologisms, adaptations or distortions of specific terms; and (6) that the General Electric corpus contains no labels, very few metaphors and platitudes, and virtually no jargon. General management therefore has a professional language, but in 1954, this language used only words from everyday language and reflected the technical nature of management as a general technology for collective action in a context of seeking efficiency and accountability.Le management a-t-il un langage professionnel ? A partir de La technologie Générale de Beckmann (1806) et du tome 3 des blue books de General Electric sur Le travail d’un manager professionnel (1954), cet article propose une analyse des termes, et en particulier des verbes d’action, et compare les deux corpus. Nous concluons (1) que le management général a bien les propriétés d’une technologie générale au sens de Beckmann. ; (2) que le travail du manager professionnel tel que présenté par General Electric prend bien la forme d’une nomenclature avec des entrées principales et des subdivisions, comme la technologie générale de Beckmann, mais que, contrairement à la nomenclature de Beckmann, un certain nombre de sous-activités se retrouvent dans plusieurs des quatre grandes activités du management, et que les verbes utilisés restent à un niveau élevé de généralité ; (3) que les termes utilisés sont bien univoques, comme dans les langages de spécialité et professionnels ; (4) qu’il existe une structure qui ressemble globalement à des relations hyperonymes/hyponymes, mais ce n’est que partiel ; (5) que le langage de management de General Electric, en 1954, ne contient ni néologisme, ni d’adaptation ou déformation de termes spécifiques et (6) que le corpus de General Electric ne contient aucun label, très peu de métaphores et peu de platitudes, et quasiment pas de jargon. Le management général a donc un langage professionnel, mais, en 1954, ce langage n’utilise que des mots du langage courant et témoigne d’une nature technique du management comme technologie générale de l’action collective dans un contexte de recherche d’efficacité et de responsabilité
The role of cultural values in the effectiveness of environmental NGO campaigns on sustainable meat consumption
No full textInternational audienceFood production, particularly meat consumption, poses severe environmental challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, water depletion, and nutrient runoff. Despite the urgency of reducing meat consumption, traditional norms and cultural values reinforce its centrality in Western diets, limiting the effectiveness of environmental campaigns. This study examines the underexplored role of individual cultural values in shaping responses to environmental NGO campaigns promoting sustainable meat consumption. Analyzing data from 514 respondents across five European countries with diverse national cultures, the research highlights the significant influence of three cultural values: power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. These values were found to diminish the effectiveness of campaigns emphasizing environmental degradation and animal welfare. The findings contribute to the literature on sustainable food behaviors by underscoring the unique cultural dynamics involved in meat consumption at the individual level. Practical recommendations are offered to NGOs, policymakers, and managers for tailoring campaigns to address cultural nuances and drive sustainable dietary transitions
Avis du conseil scientifique du comité de bassin Seine-Normandie sur l’état des lieux 2025 du bassin
No full textThis opinion from the Scientific Council concerns the 2025 status report for the Seine-Normandy basin, a mandatory exercise carried out every six years that is essential for initiating each cycle of the European Water Framework Directive and fundamental for making informed and fair decisions on the objectives and actions to be taken to restore the state of the environment.The Scientific Council appreciates the various efforts made for the 2025 inventory of the basin:the monitoring effort on which the state of the waters is based, the educational aspect, the fact of showing issues other than the strict parameters of the WFD (on medicines, plastics, etc.), the “continuity of the thermometer” when a change of method occurs, a good explanation of the links between the continent and the coast, and the monitoring of the NODU despite the change of indicator at the national level.He regrets that the long-term evolution of aquatic biodiversity in the basin is not specifically presented, and that beyond the indicators of the proportion of water bodies in good condition, other indicators, such as a proportion of surface area and arating from 0 to 100 to avoid the threshold effects of classes, are not presented.He notes the deterioration in water quality in the basin, particularly at the headwaters, which are more fragile and better monitored. He notes a greater impact from nitrates and pesticides, but also from phosphorus.He regrets that the long-term evolution of aquatic biodiversity in the basin is not specifically presented, and that, in addition to indicators of the proportion of water bodies in good condition, other indicators, such as surface area proportion and a rating from 0 to 100 to avoid class threshold effects, are not presented.He notes the deterioration in water quality in the basin, particularly at the headwaters, which are more fragile and better monitored. It notes a greater impact from nitrates and pesticides, but also from phosphorus. It notes the footprint of past degradation, including as a result of development, which should encourage caution when considering new development projects, in order to avoid further degradation of wetlands and hydromorphology, and to support the resilience of territories in the face of climate change. It questionsthe origin of the increase in diffuse phosphorus pressure and NODU herbicides, and the stability of NODU insecticides despite the disappearance of insects.It notes that the target of a 10% reduction in withdrawals may be difficult to achieve and insists on the need to prioritize sobriety rather than efficiency and substitution.The SC points out that the inventory is the first step in each WFD cycle and forms the basis for the subsequent development of the Water Development and Management Master Plan and its Program of Measures which must guide the water agency's assistance.The Scientific Council recommends that:⚫ The results on the status of water bodies be presented as a proportion of surface area.⚫ The next inventory distinguishes between types of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, etc.) and their level of toxicity (CMR1, CMR2, etc.), which can be done using the NODU.⚫ The development of toxic phytoplankton, an indirect consequence of eutrophication, be taken into account in coastal waters.⚫ Several hypotheses arising from this inventory should be studied, such as those relating to phosphorus and insecticides and herbicides.⚫ The term “self-purification” should not be used, but rather “resilience.”⚫ Information on the long-term evolution of aquatic biodiversity should be provided.Le présent avis du conseil scientifique porte sur l’état des lieux 2025 du bassin Seine-Normandie, exercice obligatoire réalisé tous les 6 ans et primordial initiant chaque cycle de la Directive cadre européenne sur l’eau, fondamental pour la prise de décisions éclairées et justes sur les objectifs et les actions à conduire pour restaurer l’état des milieux.Le conseil scientifique apprécie divers efforts réalisés pour l’état des lieux 2025 du bassin :l’effort de surveillance sur lequel est basé l’état des eaux, la pédagogie, le fait de montrer des enjeux autres que les stricts paramètres de la DCE (sur les médicaments, les plastiques…), la « continuité du thermomètre » lorsqu’un changement de méthode se présente, une bonne explication des liens entre continent et littoral, le suivi du NODU malgré le changement d’indicateur au niveau national.Il regrette que l’évolution de la biodiversité aquatique du bassin ne soit pas présentée spécifiquement sur le long terme, qu’au-delà des indicateurs de proportion des nombres de masses d’eau en bon état, d’autres indicateurs, comme une proportion en surface, et une notation de 0 à 100 permettant d’éviter les effets de seuil des classes, soient présentés.Il note la dégradation de la qualité des eaux du bassin, notamment des têtes de bassin, plus fragiles et mieux suivies. Il note un plus fort impact des nitrates et des pesticides, mais aussi du phosphore. Il note l’empreinte de dégradations passées, y compris du fait des aménagements, qui devrait pousser à considérer prudemment de nouveaux projets d’aménagements, pour éviter de dégrader encore les zones humides et l’hydromorphologie, et soutenir la résilience des territoires face au changement climatique. Il s’interroge surl’origine de l’accroissement de la pression en phosphore diffus, du NODU herbicides, et sur la stabilité du NODU insecticides malgré la disparition des insectes.Il note que l’objectif de baisse de 10% des prélèvements risque d’être difficile à atteindre et insiste sur la nécessité de prioriser la sobriété, plutôt que l’efficacité et la substitution.Le CS rappelle que l’état des lieux constitue la première étape de chaque cycle de la DCE et la base sur laquelle doivent ensuite être élaborés le Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux, son Programme de Mesures, et qui doit guider les aides de l’agence del’eau.Le conseil scientifique recommande que :⚫ Les résultats sur l’état des masses d’eau soient présentés en proportion de surface.⚫ Le prochain état des lieux distingue les types de pesticides (insecticides, herbicides…) mais aussi leur niveau de toxicité (CMR1, CMR2…), ce que permet de faire le NODU.⚫ Le développement des phytoplanctons toxiques, conséquence indirecte de l'eutrophisation, soit pris en compte dans les eaux littorales.⚫ Plusieurs hypothèses issues de cet état des lieux soient étudiées, comme celles portant sur les phosphores et sur les insecticides et herbicides.⚫ Ne soit pas utilisé le terme “autoépuration” mais plutôt « résilience ».⚫ Soit renseignée l'évolution de l'état de la biodiversité aquatique sur le long terme
Managing Water: Global Goods, Local Resources, and Public Service Reform
No full textInternational audienceWater is a complex issue—it encompasses the water cycle, water as a resource, and water as a public service. The water cycle is a common global good, while "blue" water is a shared local resource, requiring both global and local institutions for effective governance. This lecture explores the role of these institutions alongside key public service reforms like privatization, benchmarking, public ranking, and community-based management
Les apports du concept de plasticité pour le domaine des Systèmes d’Information
No full textInternational audienceCet article explore l'apport du concept de plasticité au domaine des Systèmes d'Information (SI), en s'appuyant sur une revue systématique de la littérature. La plasticité, initialement utilisée en neurologie et en art, est définie comme la capacité d'un système à évoluer et à s'adapter face aux changements internes et externes. L'étude examine comment la plasticité est mobilisée par les chercheurs en SI, en identifie les différents types (organisationnelle, comportementale, institutionnelle, etc.) et propose une définition intégrative pour le domaine des SI. L'analyse révèle que la plasticité est étudiée sous divers angles, incluant les infrastructures technologiques, les usages des TI et SI et les dynamiques institutionnelles. Enfin, l'article souligne l'intérêt de la plasticité pour comprendre la transformation digitale des modes de travail et appelle la communauté scientifique à approfondir son étude dans divers contextes
Syntopia 1—Soma I Body
No full textInternational audienceSyntopia 1—Soma | Body is an exploration of the formation of space by the human body. Using a wearable augmented reality (AR) framework, a filament-based structure is spun by hand, gradually enveloping its maker (Bonavia, Farmer et al. 2023, Avram 2014). Syntopia 1 is part of a collection of architectural prototypes investigating the notion of syntopy, a term coined in biology by Luis René Rivas in 1964. The term is a combination of the Greek words syn* meaning together / with and *topos meaning place (Rivas 1964). To develop Syntopia thus means to create designs sourced from and situated within a specific site—a topos (Matters of Activity). Underlying the project is also a constructive critique of the current-day use of industrial robotics in architecture, which entails a high use of material and energy resources. The project proposes a return to human handcraft through the minimal application of electronic technical devices required for data streaming (Mitterberger 2022, Bonavia, Farmer et al. 2023). This reduction of machines favors a bodily sensing of matter’s own inner activity, thus fostering the interlacing of Body—Matter—Machine (Haraway 1996, Pallasmaa 2009, Ingold 2010).Throughout the process of creating the installation, the body was present in physical and digital space (Skrzypczak 2021). Traces of the interaction between craftsperson, material, and structure were tracked with an augmented reality (AR) framework, allowing for both observing and informing the actions of the maker (Bonavia, Farmer et al. 2023). The framework envisages a feedback loop between all entities, therefore exploring a co-creation process with machines, considering cyber-physical systems in architecture as inherently embedded systems.Syntopia 1 has been installed in the Veterinary Anatomy Theater (Tieranatomische Theater, TA T) in Berlin, where horses were dissected for medical purposes. The horses or rather their corpses were transported through a circular elevator to the auditorium—now changed into a light source above the filament-based structure. This shifts the focus onto the source of light, reminiscent of the elevator as a space of bodily movement between realms of knowledge production. The prototype was part of the exhibition DAOULA I sheen, which featured silk-production in West Africa (Tieranatomisches Theater 2022). The cocoon can be seen as a symbol of death and rebirth in a different form that is visually translated as moving into the light. In this context, the structure echoes with the theme of bodily transformation: horses die and are passively transformed into objects of scientific study, silkworms actively transform in their cocoons from one developmental stage to another. Soma (from the Greek, “body”) thus becomes an entity of passive or active transformation (Ovid 2004).The images pose the question of human agency, presence, and absence of bodies (The Warburg Institute 2025, Bredekamp 2015, Mitchell 2015). This visual essay unfolds in three layers. First, an analogue image captured in the TA T reveals how matter, space, observer, and body converge in the making of the structure. Second, layers exposing movement, material, and spatial syntax from the digital model are laid out, showing the variety and depth of the data gathered. Finally, embedded knowledge circles map tacit and explicit knowledge across disciplines and perspectives involved in Syntopia 1—Soma | Body
Public Reaction to Pharmaceutical Preannouncements on Social Media: A Signaling Perspective
No full textInternational audiencePharmaceutical companies frequently use strategic communication during research and development (RD), especially when developing high-stakes products like vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, preannouncements became critical tools for companies such as Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca to signal progress in vaccine development, aiming to manage public expectations and influence competitors and regulators. This study explores the public's reaction to these preannouncements using Twitter data, sentiment analysis, and Named Entity Recognition (NER) with GliNER to extract and analyze mentions of pharmaceutical companies and related side effects. By focusing on NER-a relatively underutilized method in marketing research-we aim to uncover patterns in public discourse and engagement that traditional analysis may overlook. Our findings enhance understanding of how preannouncements impact public perception and discourse, contributing to the literature on strategic communication in the pharmaceutical industry
Botulinum Toxin Underuse in Older Stroke Survivors with Spasticity: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: While botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is effective for poststroke spasticity, its accessibility in older adults remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between BoNT-A use and age among stroke survivors. Methods: This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the French National Hospital Discharge Database. Stroke survivors admitted between 2014 and 2016 were followed until 2020. BoNT-A use was assessed across different age groups (18–64, 65–74, 75–84, ≥85 years). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between BoNT-A use and age, adjusting for potential confounders, including sex, comorbidities, stroke unit hospitalization, and rehabilitation. Results: BoNT-A use was reported in 1,757 (2.88%), 862 (0.99%), and 183 (0.22%) of 60,928, 86,917, and 82,725 stroke survivors aged 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years, respectively. These rates were significantly lower than BoNT-A use in those aged <65 years (5.13%) (p < 0.001). After adjustment, the inverse relationship between age and BoNT-A use was maintained, demonstrating an age-dependent association in the 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 age groups vs. 18–64 years. Odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.49 (0.47–0.53), 0.18 (0.17–0.19), and 0.05 (0.04–0.06), respectively. Stroke unit stays (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.26–1.41) and neurological rehabilitation unit stays (OR, 16.69; 95% CI, 15.59–17.87) were significantly associated with a higher probability of receiving BoNT-A. Conclusions: BoNT-A use is notably low in older stroke survivors, highlighting the need to enhance equitable access to BoNT-A injections for this population