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How Does Disability Affect Incomes? An Empirical Study on Older European Workers
No full textThis paper studies the impact of the onset of disability on personal income. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we compare income trajectories of individuals who experience disability with those who remain healthy over the same period. We hypothesize that the onset of disability reduces overall personal income, as the loss in wages is not fully compensated by disability-related benefits. To identify the causal impact, we combine a difference-in-differences approach with kernel propensity score matching, controlling for both observable and time-invariantunobservable individual characteristics. Our results confirm this hypothesis, show-ing a substantial decrease in personal income driven primarily by reduced wages.We further investigate heterogeneous effects by gender and the generosity of social welfare systems, showing that more generous welfare states mitigate income losses due to disability
La Tunisie du makhzen à l'État national: À la lumière de l'itinéraire de Mohamed-Salah Mzali
No full textNote de l’éditeur : Cette publication est issue du colloque tenu les 14 et 15 décembre 2023 à l’Académie des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts Beït al-Hikma, en collaboration avec l’Institut de recherche sur le Maghreb contemporain (IRMC, Tunis).International audienceCet ouvrage rassemble les actes d’un colloque qui s’est donné l’ambition de croiser les regards sur la première partie du XXe siècle en Tunisie autour des évolutions sociales, politiques et culturelles portées par une époque – du protectorat à la veille de l’indépendance – caractérisée par sa complexité, et à laquelle de nombreux acteurs ont apporté des contributions notables avant d’être ensuite balayés de l’histoire officielle. Mohamed-Salah Mzali, auteur des mémoires Au fil de ma vie parus en 1972 et réédités en 2023, apparaît en filigrane de l’ouvrage, en tant que personnage emblématique d’une nouvelle frange du makhzen inscrite dans la modernité, engagée en faveur de la Tunisie, des Tunisiennes et des Tunisiens, et de la maîtrise de leur destin
Attitudes and behaviors in a fragile state. A list experiment in Mali
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding individual behaviors and attitudes towards political regimes is key to explaining their persistence. However, scantily available micro-level indicators are likely to be biased, especially in non-democratic settings where people might refrain from answering sensitive questions truthfully. We study behaviors and attitudes in Mali, at a time of conflict and military rule, by running an experimental survey on a nationwide sample of individuals. We elicit the prevalence rates of two attitudes towards the military situation in Mali and three behaviors associated with the ongoing conflict (firearms possession, willingness to engage in violence and victimization). Results indicate that support for the military regime is overreported and trust in the foreign armed forces deployed in the country is underreported when elicited by means of direct questions as opposed to a list experiment. Behaviors are not significantly misreported on average, but they are misreported by certain population segments particularly vulnerable to violence. This impacts directly on the estimation of correlations between respondent characteristics and sensitive outcomes when measured by direct questions
L'intangibilité du prix des droits sociaux in Le prix en droit des contrats : questions choisies de droit français et de droit comparé
No full textInternational audienceCette contribution au colloque sur Le prix en droit des contrats : questions choisies de droit français et de droit comparé, organisé à l'Université Paris Dauphine - PSL en partenariat avec l'association Andres Bello des juristes franco-latino-américains, aborde la question de l'intangibilité du prix sous l'angle de l'article 1843-4 du code civil et de l'incidence de ces dispositions sur cette intangibilité. Il s'agit non seulement de constater l'intangibilité du prix fixé par l'expert, mais aussi d'éprouver l'intangibilité du prix résultant des règles et modalités de détermination de la valeur prévues par les statuts ou par une convention liant les parties
Informal Caregiving Within the Household and Family
No full textInternational audienceAccording to the World Health Organization, 16% of the world’s population experienced a disability in 2021. This is expected to rise against a background of global demographic aging and growing support needs, often provided by relatives. This chapter reviews evidence on informal care to a relative. First, it provides stylized facts on the characteristics of caregivers and how the use of informal care varies across countries. Second, it discusses the decision-making process of caregiving, with a focus on parental care and the role of siblings. Third, it surveys the evidence on the implications of providing care for informal caregivers on their labor market outcomes, their health and well-being, and their social and family life. Results are presented according to the nature of the care relationship. While the effect of caring for a parent on wages or the extensive margin of work is unclear, women’s working hours are negatively affected. Caregivers to a parent also experience negative effects on their physical health. Having a spouse in poor health has generally either a negative effect or no effect on the labor supply. While a spousal health shock leads to adverse effects on mental health, especially for women, physical health seems to be spared. It is also associated with an increased risk of marital dissatisfaction and potential subsequent separation. Caring for a child has adverse effects on the parents’ labor outcomes and on their mental health. Mothers appear to be more affected than fathers. Parents of a disabled child also have a lower probability of remaining together, while the effect on fertility is ambiguous. A child’s disability has long-term effects on their siblings too, affecting their educational outcomes, mental health, and future earnings
Nonnegative Cross-Curvature in Infinite Dimensions: Synthetic Definition and Spaces of Measures
No full textInternational audienceNonnegative cross-curvature (NNCC) is a geometric property of a cost function defined on a product space originating in optimal transportation and the Ma–Trudinger–Wang theory. Motivated by applications in optimization, gradient flows and mechanism design, we propose a variational formulation of nonnegative cross-curvature on c-convex domains applicable to infinite dimensions and nonsmooth settings. The resulting class of NNCC spaces is closed under Gromov–Hausdorff convergence and for this class, we extend many properties of classical nonnegative cross-curvature: stability under generalized Riemannian submersions, characterization in terms of the convexity of certain sets of c-concave functions, and in the metric case, it is a subclass of positively curved spaces in the sense of Alexandrov. One of our main results is that Wasserstein spaces of probability measures inherit the NNCC property from their base space. Additional examples of NNCC costs include the Bures–Wasserstein and Fisher–Rao squared distances, the Hellinger–Kantorovich squared distance (in some cases), the relative entropy on probability measures, and the 2-Gromov–Wasserstein squared distance on metric measure spaces
Figures féminines (ent)repreneuses et incidences du genre au travail
No full textL’analyse des séries télévisées, en tant que fictions, permet souvent la mise en lumière de phénomènes spécifiques à partir du réel afin d’en dévoiler certains aspects. En cela, elles constituent un miroir de la société avec lequel les théories managériales peuvent être confrontées. Cependant, l’étude des séries télévisées demeure pour l’instant encore relativement confidentielle en management. Si un champ commence à émerger, la recherche en management à partir du matériau sériel demeure encore largement à défricher.Cette saison, l’accent a été mis sur la question des inclusions sociales dans les organisations et le regard porté par les séries sur cette thématique sociétale majeure. En effet, les séries, en tant qu’elles entendent souvent constituer un miroir de leur époque, ouvrent des perspectives uniques sur des questions essentielles aux sciences de gestion et du management, telles que l’identité, le genre ou bien encore le handicap. Les travaux présentés vont explorer comment ces représentations influencent et/ou sont influencées par les pratiques et théories managériales contemporaines. De manière générale, la question de savoir dans quelle mesure les séries portent-elles un regard spécifique, parfois critique sur les représentations des questions d’inclusion et de diversité en mettant en scène les leviers et les obstacles à celle-ci, sera analysée
Los retos medioambientales en las recientes sentencias arbitrales con Estados de America Latina
No full textInternational audienc
VWAP Execution with Signature-Enhanced Transformers: A Multi-Asset Learning Approach
No full textIn this paper I propose a novel approach to Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) execution that addresses two key practical challenges: the need for assetspecific model training and the capture of complex temporal dependencies. Building upon my recent work in dynamic VWAP execution [1], I demonstrate that a single neural network trained across multiple assets can achieve performance comparable to or better than traditional asset-specific models. The proposed architecture combines a transformer-based design inspired by [2] with path signatures for capturing geometric features of price-volume trajectories, as in [3]. The empirical analysis, conducted on hourly cryptocurrency trading data from 80 trading pairs, shows that the globallyfitted model with signature features (GFT-Sig) achieves superior performance in both absolute and quadratic VWAP loss metrics compared to asset-specific approaches. Notably, these improvements persist for out-of-sample assets, demonstrating the model's ability to generalize across different market conditions. The results suggest that combining global parameter sharing with signature-based feature extraction provides a scalable and robust approach to VWAP execution, offering significant practical advantages over traditional asset-specific implementations