Portail HAL Paris School of Economics (PSE)
Not a member yet
5677 research outputs found
Sort by
Proximity of firms to scientific production
No full textInternational audienceFollowing Bergeaud et al. (2022), we construct a new measure of proximity between industrial sectors and public research laboratories. Using this measure, we explore the underlying network of knowledge linkages between scientific fields and industrial sectors in France. We show empirically that there exists a significant negative correlation between the geographical distance between firms and laboratories and their scientific proximity, suggesting strongly localized spillovers. Moreover, we uncover some important differences by field, stronger than when using standard patent-based measures of proximity
Un pacte budgétaire et fiscal européen face aux crises
No full textInternational audienceUn pacte budgétaire et fiscal européen face aux crise
The Value of a High School GPA
No full textInternational audienceThis paper provides novel evidence on the causal effect of high school Grade Point Average (GPA) on the human capital development and labor market trajectory of individuals. Causal identification is achieved by exploiting a unique feature of the Norwegian education system that produces exogenous variation in GPA among high school students. We find little effect on the number of completed years of higher education, but significant effects on the number and quality of higher education programs available to students after high school. Most importantly, we find persistent effects on students’ long-run labor market outcomes, most notably market wage
Reorganizing global supply-chains: Who, What, How, and Where
No full textIn an increasingly uncertain environment, firms are differently exposed to shocks and may or may not bear the costs of reorganizing their value chain by reshoring or offshoring. This paper is based on a survey of French firms on the decision to reorganize part of their value chain between January 2018 and December 2020, in order to study the prevalence and the modalities of such reorganizations. Such decision turn out to be rare, carried out by firms with a higher share of skilled workers, in manufacturing rather than in services, and dominated by multinational firms. Although high-skilled firms reorganize more, the reorganized business functions are less skillintensive and more intensive in routine tasks. Activities that are more intangibles-intensive are more likely to be reorganized within the firm. Finally, apart from reshoring in France, activities that are offshored are located close to France. India, which combines low average wages with a large pool of highly skilled labour, receives a disproportionate share of skill-intensive activities
Automation, Techies, and Labor Market Restructuring
No full textInternational audienceWhile job polarization was a salient feature in European economies in the decade up to 2010, this phenomenon has all but disappeared, except in a handful of Southern-European economies. The decade following 2010 is characterized by occupational upgrading, where low-paid jobs shrink and high paid jobs expand. We show that this is associated with automation: employment shares in low paid, highly automatable jobs shrinks, while employment shares of better paid jobs that are unlikely to be automated expands. Techies (engineers and technicians with strong STEM skills) help explain cross country variation in occupational upgrading: economies that are abundant in techies or exhibit high growth of techies see strong skill upgrading; in contrast, polarization is observed in economies with few techies. Robotization is associated with skill upgrading in manufacturing. We discuss the additional roles of globalization, structural change and labor market institutions in driving these phenomena. Hitherto, artificial intelligence (AI) seems to have similar impacts as other automation technologies. However, there is uncertainty about what new AI technologies harbor
Do Behavioral Characteristics Influence the Breast Cancer Diagnosis Delay? Evidence From French Retrospective Data
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the behavioral determinants of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis delays in France. To do so, we investigated whether time discounting, risk tolerance, and personality traits influenced the BC diagnosis delay of patients.MethodsWe used original retrospective data collected on 2 large online patient networks from 402 women diagnosed of BC. The BC diagnosis delay was measured by the difference between the date of diagnosis and the date of first symptoms. Time discounting and risk tolerance are measured with both self-reported questions and hypothetical lotteries. Personality traits are measured with the 10-item Big Five indicator. Ordinary least square and probit models were used to analyze whether these behavioral characteristics influenced the BC diagnosis delay.ResultsResults showed that risk tolerance and time discounting were not significantly associated with the BC diagnosis delay. However, we found a longer diagnosis delay for women with a neuroticism personality trait (standardized coefficients ranged from 0.104 [P-value = .036] to 0.090 [P-value = .065]).ConclusionsOverall, our findings underline the need for an increased consideration of cancer screening public health policy for women with mental vulnerabilities since such vulnerabilities were found to be highly correlated with a neuroticism personality trait
Informal sector, remittances, and political stability: A study of Granger-causality in four large geopolitical sets
No full textThis paper investigates the relationships between remittances, the informal sector, and political stability across various large geopolitical sets, including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Employing Granger causality tests to determine the predominate direction of causality and panel vector autoregressive models, we explore the dynamics of these relationships over short, medium, and long-term periods.Our findings reveal a significant short-term impact of remittances on the growth of the informal sector in the MENA, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, suggesting that remittances directly influence economic activities within this sector, likely due to their use in undeclared activities and the funding of informal local businesses. However, the influence of remittances wanes over time, indicating their primary role in addressing immediate economic needs rather than fostering long-term sector growth. Political stability shows minimal direct causal interaction with the informal sector, hinting at the sector's role as an adaptive mechanism in politically volatile regions.In OECD countries, remittances maintain a persistent influence on the informal sector over longer periods, reflecting their role in more strategic economic decisions. Additionally, our study explores the complex dynamics in countries with high remittance-to-GDP ratios, identifying a strong predictive power of the informal sector size on remittance flows, which points to the sector's pivotal economic role. We have extended our analysis to OECD countries, using outward remittances as a proxy for inward migration. We found that the size of the informal sector can predict outward remittance flows and political stability, highlighting the crucial role of the informal economy in migration and political dynamics.The results underscore the need for region-specific policy interventions and highlight the importance of understanding the temporal dynamics of remittances. This study contributes to the discourse on economic development strategies, suggesting that leveraging remittances effectively requires comprehensive policy approaches that consider their varied impacts across different regional and economic contexts.Cet article explore les liens entre les envois de fonds, le secteur informel et la stabilité politique dans plusieurs ensembles géopolitiques majeurs, dont le Moyen-Orient et l'Afrique du Nord (MENA), l'Afrique subsaharienne, l'Amérique latine et les pays de l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques (OCDE). En utilisant des tests de causalité de Granger pour déterminer la direction prédominante de la causalité et des modèles autorégressifs vectoriels de panel, nous examinons la dynamique de ces relations sur des périodes courtes, moyennes et longues.Nos résultats révèlent un impact significatif à court terme des envois de fonds sur la croissance du secteur informel dans la région MENA, l'Afrique subsaharienne et l'Amérique latine, suggérant que les envois de fonds influencent directement les activités économiques au sein de ce secteur, probablement en raison de leur utilisation dans des activités non déclarées et le financement d'entreprises locales informelles. Cependant, l'influence des envois de fonds diminue avec le temps, indiquant leur rôle principal dans la réponse aux besoins économiques immédiats plutôt que dans la promotion de la croissance à long terme du secteur. La stabilité politique montre une interaction causale directe minimale avec le secteur informel, suggérant le rôle du secteur comme mécanisme d'adaptation dans les régions politiquement instables.Dans les pays de l'OCDE, les envois de fonds maintiennent une influence persistante sur le secteur informel sur de plus longues périodes, reflétant leur rôle dans des décisions économiques plus stratégiques. De plus, notre étude explore la dynamique complexe dans les pays ayant des ratios envois de fonds/PIB élevés, identifiant un fort pouvoir prédictif de la taille du secteur informel sur les flux de transferts de fonds, ce qui souligne le rôle économique central du secteur. Nous avons étendu notre analyse aux pays de l'OCDE, en utilisant les envois de fonds sortants comme indicateur de la migration entrante. Nous avons constaté que la taille du secteur informel peut prédire les flux de fonds sortants et la stabilité politique, soulignant le rôle crucial de l'économie informelle dans la dynamique migratoire et politique.Les résultats soulignent la nécessité d'interventions politiques spécifiques à chaque région et l'importance de comprendre la dynamique temporelle des envois de fonds. Cette étude contribue au discours sur les stratégies de développement économique, suggérant qu'une utilisation efficace des envois de fonds nécessite des approches politiques globales qui prennent en compte leurs impacts variés selon les contextes régionaux et économiques
Relationship stickiness, international trade, and economic uncertainty
No full textWe study how stickiness in business relationships influences the trade impact of aggregate uncertainty. To begin, we construct a product-level index of relationship stickiness using firm-to-firm relationship duration data. We then demonstrate how relationship stickiness shapes trade dynamics in response to uncertainty shocks.We find that episodes of uncertainty lead to a decline in the overall establishment of new business relationships, with the impact varying depending on the level of stickiness. In markets characterized by high stickiness, uncertainty shocks primarily impede investments in new firm-to-firm relationships. In contrast, for non-sticky products, the adjustment to uncertainty shocks mainly manifests as the disruption of existing relationships.</p
The Potential of Recommender Systems for Directing Job Search: a Large Scale Experiment
No full textWe analyze the employment effects of directing job seekers' applications toward establishments likely to recruit. We run a two-sided randomization design involving about 800,000 job seekers and 40,000 establishments, based on an empirical model that recommends each job seeker to firms so as to maximize total potential employment. Our intervention induces a 1% increase in job finding rates for short term contracts. This impact comes from a targeting effect combining (i) a modest increase in job seekers’ applications to the very firms that were recommended to them, and (ii) a high success rate conditional on applying to these firms. Indeed, the success rate of job seekers’ applications varies considerably across firms: the efficiency of applications sent to recommended firms is 2.7 times higher than the efficiency of applications to the average firm. This suggests that there can be substantial gains from better targeting job search, leveraging firm-level heterogeneity
Where and why do politicians send pork? Evidence from central government transfers to French municipalities
No full textThis paper uses French data to simultaneously estimate the impact of two types of connections on government subsidies allocated to municipalities. Investigating different types of connection in a same setting helps to distinguish between the different motivations that could drive pork-barreling. We differentiate between municipalities where ministers held office before their appointment to the government and those where they lived as children. Exploiting ministers' entries into and exits from the government, we show that municipalities where a minister was mayor receive 30% more investment subsidies when the politician they are linked to joins the government, and a similar size decrease when the minister departs. We show that these effects are driven by ministers who will participate in local elections after their time in the central government. In contrast, we do not observe these outcomes for municipalities where ministers lived as children. These findings indicate that altruism towards childhood friends and family does not fuel pork-barreling and suggest that future electoral prospects account for at least one quarter of reported pork-barreling. The remaining share can indistinctly be attributed to sentimental attachment or political favouritism at large