Portail "HAL-Francophonie Afrique et Océan Indien"
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Quand le corps parle et que les mots bougent : apprentissages langagiers en EPS
No full textThis dissertation looks at how Physical and sports education (PSE) can contribute to the development of language in pupils. It analyzes three main aspects : the social interactions that take place during sporting activities, the way in which the teacher's instructions encourage comprehension, and the learning of new words related to physical and sporting practices.These three elements show that PES is not limited to the physical dimension, but plays an important role in enriching vocabulary and stimulating language skills. Indeed, communication between students and with the teacher is essential to understanding and successfully completing activities.The dissertation concludes that PSE is a privileged space for fostering global learning, combining bodily development and language acquisition, which contributes to students' academic success.Ce mémoire s’intéresse à la manière dont l’Éducation physique et sportive (EPS) peut participer au développement du langage chez les élèves. Il analyse trois aspects principaux : les interactions sociales qui se créent pendant les activités sportives, la façon dont les consignes de l’enseignant(e) favorisent la compréhension, et l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots liés aux pratiques physiques et sportives.Ces trois éléments montrent que l’EPS ne se limite pas à la dimension physique, mais joue un rôle important dans l’enrichissement du vocabulaire et la stimulation des compétences langagières.En effet, la communication entre élèves et avec l’enseignant(e) est essentielle pour comprendre et réussir les activités. Le mémoire conclut que l’EPS est un espace privilégié pour favoriser un apprentissage global, en combinant développement corporel et acquisition du langage, ce qui participe à la réussite scolaire des élèves
Portraits et représentations sur les inégalités sociales et scolaires des futurs enseignants du 1er degré à Mayotte et à La Réunion
No full textInternational audienc
La verbalisation en mathématiques au collège
No full textThe methods to be used to teach mathematics effectively are the subject of a great deal of research in didactics and are an important issue for a athematics teacher. This dissertation focuses on a practice that is still little studied: verbalisation. For a long time considered to be a simple communication tool, verbalisation is now recognised as a pedagogical lever capable of strengthening both the understanding and the commitment of students. But what about its practical effects in secondary schools, and more specifically in the sixth and seventh grades ? Based on the foundations of socioconstructivism, the contributions of neurodidactics and the expectations of professional standards, this method has a solid theoretical basis that just needs to be tested in practice. Through a number of experiments carried out with pupils in 6e and 5e, this dissertation analyses the impact of verbalisation on their understanding of mathematical concepts, as well as the impact of verbalisation on pupils' motivation to learn mathematics. The data collected show that verbalisation can have a positive effect on the way pupils appropriate concepts. These initial results pave the way for further long-term experiments to explore the links between language, reflection and learning in mathematics.Les méthodes à utiliser pour enseigner les mathématiques de façon efficace sont le sujet de nombreuses recherches en didactique et constituent une question importante pour un enseignant de mathématiques. Ce mémoire s'intéresse à une pratique encore peu étudiée, la verbalisation. Longtemps considérée comme un simple outil de communication, la verbalisation est aujourd'hui reconnue comme un levier pédagogique capable de renforcer à la fois la compréhension et l'engagement des élèves. Mais qu'en est-il de ses effets concrets au collège et plus précisément en sixième et en cinquième ? En s'appuyant sur les fondements du socio-constructivisme, les apports de la neurodidactique et les attendus des référentiels professionnels, cette méthode possède une base théorique solide qui ne demande qu'à être testé en pratique. À travers plusieurs expérimentations menées auprès d'élèves de 6e et de 5e, ce mémoire analyse l'impact de la verbalisation sur la compréhension des notions mathématiques mais aussi l'impact de la verbalisation sur la motivation des élèves dans l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Les données recueillies montrent que la verbalisation peut avoir un effet positif sur la manière dont les élèves s'approprient les concepts. Ces premiers résultats ouvrent la voie à d'autres expérimentations sur le long terme afin d'approfondir les liens entre langage, réflexion et apprentissage en mathématiques
L'archipel agricole du grand Paris, terreau d'avenir d'un projet agro-écologique métropolitain
No full textInternational audienc
Household consumption of legumes and associated factors in Benin, Burkina-Faso and Senegal
No full textThis volume follows on from the Rencontres Francophone Légumineuses (RFL) held in March 2024, organized by CIRAD, INRAE, Terres Inovia and Terres Univia, and co-organized by the Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA). This unique event brings together all those involved in development, the supply chains and research into grain and forage legumes. It's an opportunity to exchange views, share knowledge and accelerate innovation around legumes. The RFLs focus on seed, forage and woody legumes, and aim to cover the diversity of production systems, as well as the diversity of uses: food, feed and non-food. Pulses are a major lever for meeting the global challenges of climate change and food and nutritional security. All over the world, they play a strategic role, providing nutritional benefits and ensuring protein and food sovereignty. The many species of pulses also represent a formidable breeding ground for food innovation.International audienceLegumes play are important for diet and food security of populations in low-income countries. This study aimed at analysing household legume consumption patterns and factors influencing this consumption in Benin, Burkina Faso and Senegal. We used data from the 2018-2019 Harmonized Household Living Conditions Surveys, which included information on food consumption and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of households. The analysis focused on key legumes such as cowpea, groundnut, African locust bean seeds and dry pea. We assessed the consumption frequency and the proportion of households' food expenditure allocated to these legumes. A generalized linear model was run to identify factors associated with legume-related food spending. In all three countries, over 80% of households had consumed at least one legume-based food item during the seven days preceding the survey. However, substantial regional disparities in consumption levels were observed within each country. On average, legumes accounted for 3.4% of household food expenditure in Senegal, 4.5% in Benin, and 8.4% in Burkina Faso. Both legume consumption and expenditure were consistently higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Legume consumption was more prevalent among low-income households, farming households, and those headed by older or less-educated individuals. Further research considering the full diversity of legumes consumed in the three countries is recommended
Resilient coral in New Caledonia
No full textWith climate change comes acidification and warming of the oceans, and if this increases, the consequences for coral reefs could be dramatic
Optimization of molten carbonate electrolysis cells: Numerical modeling for reducing the risk of carbon deposition and enhancing the heat transfer
No full textInternational audienc
Titre de l'article : Les insectes ravageurs vs les insectes pollinisateurs : Comment les plantes font la différence ?
No full textInternational audienceLes plantes interagissent avec une diversité d'insectes, certains sont bénéfiques comme les pollinisateurs, et d'autres, nuisibles comme les ravageurs. En Afrique, cette dualité est particulièrement marquée dans les écosystèmes agricoles où les plantes doivent attirer les premiers tout en se défendant contre les seconds. Cet article vulgarisé met en lumière les mécanismes utilisés par les plantes pour discriminer ces insectes, et présente des exemples africains illustrant l'importance écologique et économique de ces interactions
Lower crustal thickening drives active uplift in Northern Tibet
No full textInternational audienceMountains in collisional orogens generally grow as crustal rocks are advected over low-angle thrust faults, suggesting a close relationship between tectonic uplift and upper crustal shortening. For example, the Himalayas, hosting large-scale thrust fault systems, undergoes ∼15–20 mm/year shortening and concomitant ∼5 mm/year active uplift. However, geodetic observations reveal an active uplift of 1–2 mm/year across the East Kunlun Shan mountain range, the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where no active thrust fault has been identified. This active uplift is too fast to be explained by the limited horizontal shortening of at most 1.0 ± 0.2 mm/year. After quantifying and correcting for contributions arising from erosion, (de)glaciation, and recent earthquakes, the uplift rate across the East Kunlun Shan still amounts to 1.0 ± 0.5 mm/year. Our simulations show that mantle processes cannot explain the GPS-observed uplift. We find that lower crustal thickening, rather than upper crustal shortening alone, drives the ongoing uplift across the East Kunlun Shan, hence challenging our current views on mountain range dynamics
Dust Aerosol Radiative Effects During a Dust Event and Heatwave in Summer 2019 Simulated with a Regional Climate Atmospheric Model over the Iberian Peninsula
No full textInternational audienceMineral dust particles significantly influence the Earth's climate through direct and semi-direct radiative effects. This study investigates these effects and their meteorological impacts during a dust intrusion and heatwave over the Iberian Peninsula in summer 2019 using a regional climate model. Three simulations with different spectral nudging configurations are evaluated. During the central period, the mean direct and semi-direct radiative effects in the shortwave spectrum at the top of the atmosphere (bottom of the atmosphere) are -0.4 ± 0.4 (-3.9 ± 2.3) Wm -2 and +0.1 ± 1.7 (-0.1 ± 1.9) Wm -2 , respectively. In the longwave spectrum, these effects are +0.1 ± 0.1 (+0.3 ± 0.1) Wm -2 and 0.0 ± 0.6 (+0.9 ± 1.1) Wm -2 , respectively. The semi-direct effect mitigates 18.8% of the dust-induced warming in the full atmosphere and alters meteorological variables. The liquid water path decreases by -0.2 ± 4.5 mg m -2 , the cloud fraction in the upper (lower) troposphere reduces (increases) by -0.2 ± 1.2 (+0.1 ± 1.3) %, and the near-surface air temperature drops slightly by -0.2 ± 0.2 • C. The results highlight substantial spatial variability and underscore the importance of considering semi-direct radiative effects in radiative analysis