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L'infirmité provoquée par le chirurgien : reconnaissance et réparation en justice (XIVe - milieu du XVIe siècle)
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The Grammar of ‘Unanalyzable’ Sentences in Early Child Language Production: Production Mismatches in the Development of Recursion in English
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Enseignants missionnés dans les institutions culturelles : quelles appropriations des pratiques de médiation pour le public scolaire ?
No full textInternational audienceCommunication donnée le 16 janvier, session modérée par Hyacinthe Rave
Identifying Missing Evidence in an Abundant Cuneiform Corpus
No full textInternational audienceAssyriologists have access to hundreds of thousands of cuneiform clay tablets, as well as thousands of inscriptions in stone and hundreds in metal.However, these tablets are very unevenly distributed in time and space, due to chance excavations, or for political, socio-economic or geographical reasons. The written artefacts at our disposal have survived natural sorting because of not only the durability of their material, but also human sorting and recycling carried out from antiquity onwards. Some of them were created to be ephemeral, depending on the type of activity recorded; the content of libraries are not taken into account here. Assemblages of written artefacts were regularly sorted, reorganised and even moved. A group of non-literary cuneiform tablets discovered in the same room and containing texts of practice, referred to by the word ‘archive’ in Assyriology, is probably never complete. Nonetheless, we are tempted to treat it subjectively as if complete to reconstruct its owner’s identity and activities. Using various examples, this contribution considers the many reasons why we have only a small part of the cuneiform written output of the ancient Mesopotamians, the different types of written artefacts that are missing, and the possible consequences of this absence for historical reconstruction
A Macrodynamic Model of War: Addressing Kant's Democratic Peace Proposition
No full textInternational audienceWar and political regime are fundamentally linked. From Athen’s democratic empire in the 5th Century BCE, through the industrialization of war in the 19th and 20th centuries to today’s nuclear powers, all forms of political regimes have been involved in war. Very few macroeconomic models have accounted for the costs and benefits of war. We develop a macrodynamic model of war in order to address Kant’s notion of democratic perpetual peace. We enrich macroeconomics by introducing regime-specific sensitivity to human loss, which affects the desirability of war. Our model, based on a dynamics à la Solow, can account for multiple wars throughout history
Compounds and Raiders: A Strategic Model of Self-Protection in the End Times
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines the rationality of elite bunker-building as a response to anticipated societal collapse. Indeed, the phenomenon of “prepping” for “the Event” can be framed as self-insurance and relies on a transactional view of humanity, if one is to ensure the control of a compound and fight off potential assailants. We draw on economic decision modeling to analyze how the necessity of internal control by the leader, resentment or the perception of potential loot by outsiders interact with fortification strategies. We introduce a “Machiavelli index” to represent hostility and show that excessive investment in defense can be counterproductive and provoke attack. Maximum bunkerization may not be optimal compared to a degree of cooperation, redistribution, and efforts to reduce perceived inequality. Survival in the end times may depend less on walls and more on legitimacy, reciprocity, and strategic restraint
L’ Afrique des religions à l’épreuve des chiffres et des catégorisations
No full textInternational audienceL’Afrique émergente interpelle le monde par la vigueur de son dynamisme démographique autant quepar le foisonnement de ses expressions religieuses. Trop souvent, cependant, les regards portés sur lecontinent se cantonnent à des lectures civilisationnelles focalisées sur des confrontations entremusulmans et chrétiens. Or, le paysage confessionnel de l’Afrique ne saurait se réduire aux seulesreligions abrahamiques. Au contraire, sa pluralité est profondément enracinée dans des histoires localeset des pratiques sociales qui remettent en question les catégories habituellement mobilisées par lesobservateurs occidentaux pour appréhender les phénomènes religieux et encadrer juridiquementl’exercice des cultes.Croisant les regards d’anthropologues, de démographes, de juristes, de politistes et de spécialistes desreligions, cet ouvrage propose ainsi de déconstruire des classifications souvent inadéquates pour saisirla complexité de sociétés africaines en pleine recomposition. Du Bénin à l’Égypte en passant par leSoudan du Sud et les deux Congo, les études de cas rassemblées ici ne prétendent ni à l’exhaustivité, nià la représentativité de l’ensemble du continent. Elles offrent néanmoins des jalons précieux pouréclairer des problématiques appelées à gagner en acuité, à l’heure où certains discours simplificateursvont jusqu’à invoquer de prétendus « génocides de chrétiens » pour justifier des interventions militairesen Afrique
Des figures féminines végétalisées dans une tombe de l’Alexandrie lagide
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From classical Greece to the Pavements of Antioch: evolution and meaning of the Peopled scroll” paper of the workshop
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Un nelumbo pour Apollon : la mosaïque du temple d’Apollon à Xanthos
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