HAL Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques
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Short and Simple Confidence Intervals When the Directions of Some Effects Are Known
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce adaptive confidence intervals on a parameter of interest in the presence of nuisance parameters, such as coefficients on control variables, with known signs. Our confidence intervals are trivial to compute and can provide significant length reductions relative to standard ones when the nuisance parameters are small. At the same time, they entail minimal length increases at any parameter values. We apply our confidence intervals to the linear regression model, prove their uniform validity, and illustrate their length properties in an empirical application to a factorial design field experiment and a Monte Carlo study calibrated to the empirical application
Gender Identity, Norms, and Happiness
No full textHow do gender identity and norms relate to happiness? This paper takes advantage of the 2024 European Social Survey, which asks respondents to report their feelings of femininity and masculinity, and studies the relationships between these self-assessments, (non-)conformity to gender norms, and life satisfaction. The results show a robust asymmetry between men and women. For men, feeling more masculine, behaving in ways more typical of men, and life satisfaction are all positively cross-correlated. For women, while feeling more feminine and life satisfaction are similarly positively correlated, behaving in ways more typical of women is, in contrast, associated with lower life satisfaction. These patterns vary across European regions, potentially reflecting different histories. The results are robust to alternative measures of typical behavior of men and women and subjective well-being. The findings support theories of gender identity and reveal possible trade-offs implied by gender norms for women.</div
A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time
No full textThe traditional specialization of men in paid work and women in unpaid work is rooted in the spatial separation of these activities. We examine the possible consequences of the recent expansion of Work from Home (WfH) for the gendered allocation of time. We focus on the time devoted to housework by men and women who work from home versus on site, before and after the Covid pandemic. Using data on several thousand workers drawn from the American Time Use Survey, we find that the gender gap in unpaid work has declined by about 27 minutes per day, i.e. by about 40%, for remote workers. Among remote workers, women now spend more time on paid work and less on unpaid work, whereas men spend a little more time on household chores. These results are driven by partnered respondents, with children under 10 years of age
Local global watchdogs: Trade, sourcing and the internationalization of social activism
No full textInternational audienceNGO campaigns criticizing firms for infringements along their internationalized value chains are a salient feature of economic globalization. We argue that understanding the international patterns of NGO campaigns requires accounting for the geography of their targets’ economic activities. We propose a model of global sourcing and international trade in which heterogeneous NGOs campaign against heterogeneous firms in response to infringements along their value chains. We find that campaigns are determined by a triadic gravity equation involving the country of the NGO, the country of the firm as well as the sourcing country. Importantly, independent of the location of the NGO, trade costs between the supplier and the firm shape the patterns of NGO campaigns. We use recently available data to estimate our triadic gravity equation at the NGO level and find strong support for this prediction as well as for other predictions specific to our modeling approach
On the convergence criterion in three-period lived overlapping generations models
No full textInternational audienceThis paper offers a novel perspective on Kehoe-Levine’s convergence criterion for equilibrium determinacy in three-period overlapping generations (OLG) models. Departing from their primary focus on gross substitutability, our central contribution is demonstrating that equilibrium determinacy, even in Samuelson economies, can be achieved under market complementarities, provided the aggregate demand sensitivities to adjacent-period prices sum positively. Furthermore, we identify critical conditions where gross substitutability or complementarities between goods spaced two periods apart becomes pivotal for equilibrium determination. By elucidating the role of asymmetric complementarities, we significantly extend the understanding of equilibrium determinacy within the Kehoe-Levine framework, challenging the necessity of strict gross substitutability and offering a more nuanced view of dynamic stability in OLG models
A scoping review of the impact of agricultural, food, and environmental policies on the transition towards a safe and just operating space for EU agri-food systems
No full textInternational audienceThe transition of agri-food systems towards a safe and just operating space (SJOS) is a complex phenomenon, which implies finding proper pathways for satisfying human needs and social justice for all, while staying within the limits of the planet's natural resources. In this context, public policies can play a key role in driving the transition. Thus, in this paper, we have carried out a scoping review of the literature on the relationships between some key public policies affecting agricultural and food and the SJOS dimensions, with the purpose of identifying the most important knowledge gaps. Following the most recent protocols proposed by the literature, we have reviewed papers published in the 2000–23 period using the Web of Science database as the main reference. Our results show that the available evidence is somehow scattered across the SJOS thematic areas, with a clear prevalence of the environmental (safe operating space) with respect to the social [just operating space (JOS)] ones. Thus, there is a clear research gap in exploring the impact of public policies on JOS issues such as social equity, health, and nutrition security. Moreover, very few studies explore synergies and trade-offs between different SJOS dimensions. This is especially relevant in evaluating a complex policy mix such as the Green Deal of the European Union. Finally, from a methodological perspective, the available studies provide some interesting hints for extending the available toolkit for ex-ante policy modelling, which deserve further research
Lessons for Interactive Theorem Proving Researchers from a Survey of Coq Users
No full textInternational audienceThe Coq Community Survey 2022 was an online public survey of users of the Coq proof assistant conducted during February 2022. Broadly, the survey asked about use of Coq features, user interfaces, libraries, plugins, and tools, views on renaming Coq and Coq improvements, and also demographic data such as education and experience with Coq and other proof assistants and programming languages. The survey received 466 submitted responses, making it the largest survey of users of an interactive theorem prover (ITP) so far. We present the design of the survey, a summary of key results, and analysis of answers relevant to ITP technology development and usage. In particular, we analyze user characteristics associated with adoption of tools and libraries and make comparisons to adjacent software communities. Notably, we find that experience has significant impact on Coq user behavior, including on usage of tools, libraries, and integrated development environments (IDEs)
Universal social welfare orderings and risk
No full textInternational audienceHow can social prospects be evaluated and compared when there may be a risk on i) the actual allocations that people will receive, ii) the existence of these future people, and iii) their preferences? This paper investigates this question, which can arise when considering policies, such as climate policy, that affect people who do not yet exist. We start from the observation that there is no social ordering that meets minimal requirements of fairness, social rationality, and respect for people's ex ante preferences. We explore three ways around this impossibility. First, if we drop the ex ante Pareto requirement, we can obtain fair ex post criteria that take an (arbitrary) expected utility of an equally-distributed equivalent level of well-being. Second, if the social ordering is not an expected utility, we can obtain fair ex ante criteria that evaluate uncertain individual prospects with a certaintyequivalent measure of well-being. Third, if we accept that interpersonal comparisons rely on VNM utility functions even in absence of risk, we can construct expected utility social orderings that satisfy of a version of Pareto ex ante