HAL Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques
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Equilibrium wage dispersion with worker and employer heterogeneity
No full textWe construct and estimate an equilibrium search model with on–the–job–search. Firms make take–it–or–leave–it wage offers to workers conditional on their characteristics and they can respond to the outside job offers received by their employees. Unobserved worker productive heterogeneity is introduced in the form of cross–worker differences in a "competence" parameter. On the other side of the market, firms also are heterogeneous with respect to their marginal productivity of labor. The model delivers a theory of steady–state wage dispersion driven by heterogenous worker abilities and firm productivities, as well as by matching frictions. The structural model is estimated using matched employer and employee French panel data. The exogenous distributions of worker and firm heterogeneity components are nonparametrically estimated. We use this structural estimation to provide a decomposition of cross–employee wage variance. We find that the share of the cross–sectional wage variance that is explained by person effects varies across skill groups. Specifically, this share lies close to 40% for high–skilled white collars, and quickly decreases to 0% as the observed skill level decreases. The contribution of market imperfections to wage dispersion is typically around 50%
Réduction du temps de travail: mise en évidence d'un effet sur l'offre de travail
No full textNational audienceEconomists often compare two ways of work sharing : increase of part-time work and the reduction of the weekly work time. Most of the literature focuses upon the labour demand size. The aim of this paper is to tackle this question from the point of view of labour supply. We calibrate on French data a sequential job search model, which as two specific features : the characterization of job offers in terms of utility level which combines hourly wage rates with available leisure time and the fact that unemployment is not the only compatible state with a job search. Simulations of the model show that, for a given labour demand, the probability to be unemployed increases with the proportion of part-time jobs and decrease with the reduction of the weekly work time.La réduction du temps de travail, recours accru au temps partiel ou baisse de la durée légale, modifie la nature des emplois offerts, ce qui affecte les comportements d'offre de travail. Par exemple, une réduction de l'horaire légal compensée améliore la qualité des offres, ce qui peut accroître l'offre de travail pour chaque niveau de salaire. Cet article étudie ce type d'effets à partir des simulations d'un modèle théorique de prospection d'emploi calibré sur des données individuelles françaises. Les simulations montrent qu'à demande inchangée, la probabilité d'être au chômage augmente suite à un accroissement de la proportion des temps partiel et diminue suite à une réduction de la durée du travail
L'adaptation de la théorie du choix des investissements au nouvel environnement économique : le cas particulier de l'incertitude
No full textInternational audienceThis article essencially deals with an important point rarely tacked in the breakeven analysis, i.e. the taking into account of the incertainty which gets more and more important in our modem world.As far as transport infrastructure is concerned, uncertainty relates to traffic forecast, evolution with time of unit values and to the whole economic environment. This article analyses the impact of these different sorts of uncertainties and puts forward easy methods to take uncertainty into account in the usual calculations.Cet article traite principalement d'un point important, rarement abordé dans les calculs de rentabilité économique : il s'agit de la prise en compte de 1'incertitude. Celle-ci prend une place croissante dans le monde moderne. En matière d'infrastructures de transport, elle porte sur les prévisions de trafic, sur l'évolution dans le temps des valeurs unitaires, sur l'ensemble de l'environnement économique.L'article analyse les effets de ces différentes sortes d'incertitudes, et propose des méthodes simples pour en tenir compte dans les calculs habituels