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Resource Use and Costs of Dengue: Analysis of Data from Phase III Efficacy Studies of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine
No full textInternational audienceA tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) has recently been approved in 12 countries in southeast Asia and Latin America for individuals aged 9-45 years or 9-60 years (age indication approvals vary by country) living in endemic areas. Data on utilization of medical and nonmedical resources as well as time lost from school and work were collected during the active phase of two phase III efficacy studies performed in 10 countries in the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America (NCT01373281; NCT01374516).Wecompared dengue-related resource utilization and costs among vaccinated and nonvaccinated participants. Country-specific unit costs were derived from available literature. There were 901 virologically confirmed dengue episodes among participants aged ≥ 9 years (N = 25,826): corresponding to 373 episodes in the CYD-TDV group (N = 17,230) and 528 episodes in the control group (N = 8,596). Fewer episodes in the CYD-TDV group resulted in hospitalization than in the control group (7.0% versus 13.3%; P = 0.002), but both had a similar average length of stay of 4 days. Overall, a two-thirds reduction in resource consumption and missed school/work days was observed in the CYD-TDV group relative to the control group. The estimated direct and indirect cost associated with dengue episodes per participant in the CYD-TDV group was 73% lower than in the control group; representing a saving of I$I8.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]:17.05-19.78) per participant with vaccination. This is the first study providing information on dengue costs among vaccinated individuals and direct confirmation that vaccination has the potential to reduce dengue illness costs. © 2017 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygien
Pilotage de l'entreprise et contrôle de gestion
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage présente l’ensemble des approches théoriques du pilotage des performances des organisations :• les approches traditionnelles : plan, budget, centres de profit, prix de cession internes, indicateurs financiers, choix d’investissements…• les méthodes les plus récentes : ABC, ABM, contrôle stratégique, Balanced Scorecard, gestion par processus, création de valeur, coût-cible, RSE/ISR…Cette 6e édition, entièrement mise à jour (Lean Management, reporting intégré, management visuel...), est étayée d'exemples actuels issus des expériences professionnelles et des activités de conseil des auteurs. Ces exemples illustrent de façon opérationnelle les concepts et techniques présentés.Chaque chapitre s’accompagne également de cas d'application.Ouvrage labellisé par la FNEGE (Fondation Nationale pour l'Enseignement de la Gestion des Entreprises) en 201
A Four V's design approach of NoSQL graph databases
No full textInternational audienceBig Data has been described as a four-dimensional model with Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity. In this paper we discuss the potential of a model-driven approach (MDA) to tackle design issues of Big Data taking into account the effect of the four dimensions. Our approach considers NoSQL graph databases. The approach is applied to the case of Neo4j database. Our main contribution is an MDA methodology that enables to tackle the four V's dimensions described above. It consists of two major steps: (i) a forward engineering approach based on MDA as well as a set of transformations rules enabling the development of a conceptual, logical, and physical model for big data encompassing the four V's, (ii) a volume-guided approach supporting the generation of test bases dedicated to performance evaluation. We present an illustrative scenario of our forward engineering approach
When too many are not enough: Human resource slack and performance at the Dutch East India Company (1700–1795)
No full textInternational audienceSlack is an elusive concept in organizational research, with studies documenting a variety of relationships between slack and firm performance. We advocate treating slack not as a resource, but as a practice – a sequence of events and responses over time. A longitudinal analysis of the Dutch East India Company (1700–1795) highlights the use of slack as a response to a resource constraint (the shortage of skilled labor). After documenting the negative performance effects of skill shortage, we identify a trade-off in the use of human resource slack (number of sailors above what is operationally required), in which slack enhanced operational reliability, but reduced efficiency. Derived from a historical context, this trade-off has contemporary relevance and is helpful in reconciling contradictory evidence on slack
Comment accompagner la transformation digitale des entreprises en Afrique ?
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On the use of intersection cuts for bilevel optimization
No full textInternational audienceWe address a generic mixed-integer bilevel linear program (MIBLP), i.e., a bilevel optimization problem where all objective functions and constraints are linear, and some/all variables are required to take integer values. We first propose necessary modifications needed to turn a standard branch-and-bound MILP solver into an exact and finitely-convergent MIBLP solver, also addressing MIBLP unboundedness and infeasibility. As in other approaches from the literature, our scheme is finitely-convergent in case both the leader and the follower problems are pure integer. In addition, it is capable of dealing with continuous variables both in the leader and in follower problems—provided that the leader variables influencing follower’s decisions are integer and bounded. We then introduce new classes of linear inequalities to be embedded in this branch-and-bound framework, some of which are intersection cuts based on feasible-free convex sets. We present a computational study on various classes of benchmark instances available from the literature, in which we demonstrate that our approach outperforms alternative state-of-the-art MIBLP methods
Experimental estimates of men's and women's willingness to compete: Does the gender of the partner matter?
No full textIn a classical experiment, Niederle and Vesterlund (2007) used the dichotomous choice of individuals between a piece rate and a tournament payment scheme as an indication of their propensity to compete. This paper reports results from a two person interaction of a similar type to analyze whether the preference for competition is dependent on the gender of the partner. It introduces a Becker–DeGroot–Marschak mechanism to elicit individual willingness to compete (WTC), defined as the amount of money that makes an individual indifferent between the two compensation schemes. Even when controlling for risk aversion, past performance and overconfidence, the male WTC is e3.30 larger than the female WTC. The WTC instrument allows for a more precise analysis of the impact of the partner's gender on the taste for competition
Market heterogeneity, investment risk and portfolio allocation: Applying quantile regression to the Paris apartment market
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: The purpose of this paper is to address the heterogeneity of real estate assets with regard to investment risk measurement, with Paris’ apartment market as a case study. Design/methodology/approach: Quantile regression is used to handle the fact that willingness to pay for housing attributes may vary greatly over both space and asset value categories. The method is alternately applied on central and peripheral districts of Paris, or “arrondissements”, with hedonic indices built for nine deciles over a 17-year period (1990-2006). Portfolio allocation is subsequently analysed with deciles being the assets. Findings: The findings suggest that during the slump, peripheral districts show better resilience and define the efficient frontier while also exhibiting a lower volatility. In addition, higher returns are observed for lower-priced apartments, both central and peripheral. During the recovery and boom stages of the cycle, the highest returns are experienced for the cheapest apartments in central locations, whereas upper-priced, centrally located units yield the lowest returns. Originality/value: The originality of this research resides in the application of quantile regression in a real estate investment and risk management context. The methodology may raise individual investors’ and practitioners’ attention, especially index providers’