Archive ouverte de l'ESSEC Business School
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Réussir la décarbonation des mobilités dans les territoires
No full text[résumé sur la 4e de couverture] Les mobilités sont l’un des premiers facteurs d’émission de gaz à effet de serre en France, et surtout le seul dont les émissions ne baissent pas, du fait d’un usage massif de la voiture thermique. Les propositions fusent pour parvenir à sa diminution : voiture électrique, vélo, transports publics, sobriété. Il y a cependant de très bonnes raisons de douter que ces solutions seules produiront l’effet attendu. Ce n’est pas parce que l’intention est bonne que le résultat sera au rendez-vous. Rassemblant un ingénieur, un physicien, un économiste, un géographe et un spécialiste du développement territorial, ce livre montre que décarboner les mobilités exige une vision d’ensemble… et prendra du temps. S’il existe bien des solutions pour des mobilités bas carbone, il faut qu’elles soient acceptables par la société, et finançables. Cela suppose de sortir des fausses évidences, du discours normatif et des injonctions morales. Tout un programme, que ce livre nous dévoile
The narrative construction of temporality and meaning in organizing: A field study of work safety management. Année 2025
No full textA version of this paper was presented at 1st International PHILOS colloquium in Cyprus,6th September 2021The complexity of temporal matters in organizations has led researchers to question the linear and objective view of temporality and, instead, to develop a process perspective, seeing organizational temporality as a non-linear, narrative, creative and on-going social construction, a 'temporal work'. This paper addresses the theoretical and practical question: 'which conceptualization can help organizational actors to manage the temporal dimension of their action, and researchers to understand temporal work?' It proposes, as suggested by Paul Ricoeur's narrative approach to temporality, that the chronological and the narrative temporalities not only co-exist, conflict, or complement each other, but construct each other, as consubstantial dimensions of narrative organizing processes, and that their mutual construction requires a third, mediating and not strictly temporal dimension: a narrative logic. By 'narrative logic', following Ricoeur, we do not mean linear causality, but complex causation relations. We apply Ricoeur's threefold conceptualization of "emplotment", integrating chronological time (CT), narrative time (NT) and narrative logic (NL), to a field study concerning the management of work safety in building projects. In light of the case study, we identify some further theoretical, managerial and methodological contributions of Ricoeur's perspective: the plurality of narrative frames potentially involved in the emplotment of a situation, leading to distinct and potentially contradictory views of organizing temporality and therefore of safety management practices; actors' continual reconstruction of the future of their activity and redesign of the culturally available narrative schemes; the construction of a fiction of time reversibility, achieved through emplotment of collective action, and the ensuing risk of turning a blind eye to the irreversibility of experience
Divestment From Fossil Fuels: Evidence From Ownership Data
No full textThere is a lot of talk about fossil divestment. Is there any action? We built a new database on investor divestment based on ownership data. Instead of focusing on prices, we look at the actual ownership of investors. Our database contains 30 million investor positions in the 312 largest fossil fuel companies. We show that certain religious organizations, universities and public organizations divested from fossil fuel. Looking at all large investors, we find a heterogeneous behavior between short-and long-term divestment. Using a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) and a Vector Error Correction model (VECM) both resulting from behavioral assumptions, we find that commodity price returns are the major drivers of short-term divestment and environmental and climate policy likelihood exhibit a cointegration relationship with long-term divestment. It shows that investors react strongly to fluctuations in the market energy prices in the short term. Only very few investors adjust their fossil fuel holdings in the long term, considering the risk of climate and environmental policy implementation.</div
Last fifty years of integer linear programming: a focus on recent practical advances
No full textInternational audienceMixed-integer linear programming (MILP) has become a cornerstone of operations research. This is driven by the enhanced efficiency of modern solvers, which can today find globally optimal solutions within seconds for problems that were out of reach a decade ago. The versatility of these solvers allowed successful applications in many areas, such as transportation, logistics, supply chain management, revenue management, finance, telecommunications, and manufacturing. Despite the impressive success already obtained, many challenges remain, and MILP is still a very active field.This article provides an overview of the most significant results achieved in advancing the MILP solution methods. Given the immense literature on this topic, we made deliberate choices to focus on computational aspects and recent practical performance improvements, emphasizing research that reports computational experiments. We organize our survey into three main parts, dedicated to branch-and-cut methods, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, and Benders decomposition. The paper concludes by highlighting ongoing challenges and future opportunities in MILP research.</div
Balancing exclusivity and inclusivity through the strategic domestication of the luxury retail experience
No full textInternational audienceThe mass-marketization of the luxury field results in a conundrum for brands: how to sell to the new mass of luxury consumers while continuing to conform to expectations of a singular, exclusive, and elitist experience. In contrast with prior research, which primarily focuses on understanding how luxury brands maintain their exclusivity despite market pressures toward “mass-marketization”, we draw on the institutional logics framework to explore how luxury mobilizes domestic elements in the service encounter to manage inclusivity and exclusivity imperatives in a context of massification. We show that the strategic mobilization of the domestic logic and its articulation with the market logic enable luxury brands to balance these contradictory imperatives. We identify three strategies that brands deploy in their retail stores: disguise (camouflaging the market logic under layers of domesticity), hybridization (blending domestic and market logics), and juxtaposition (partitioning domestic and market logics). Our findings suggest that domesticity can be mobilized both as an integration and a separation mechanism and that the “domestication” of the luxury retail experience enables brands to situate their customers at different levels of the consumption experience. Building on these findings, we give brands and operational managers working in luxury firms several avenues for improving the way they manage customer experience and service encounters
Gestion du capital humain et fonction ressources humaines à l’épreuve du début du passage à l’échelle de l’IA générative : une étude exploratoire de la transformation des rôles à travers la matrice d’Ulrich revisitée
No full textInternational audienceThis exploratory study examines the impact of the early stages of large-scale generative AI (GAI) deployment on human capital management and the Human Resources function. Drawing on a qualitative approach combining a literature review and semi-structured interviews with HR professionals, the analysis is structured around an updated version of Ulrich’s matrix (1997). This revisited matrix comprises five fundamental roles of the HR function: functional expert (evolution of the administrative expert), human capital developer (focused on developing future talent), employee advocate (defender of employee interests), strategic partner (contributing to the overall strategy), and leader (driving transformation). The results reveal a significant transformation of these roles in the face of GAI. The study highlights key success factors for this transformation, notably the support of senior management, technical ownership of AI by the HR function, change management, data mastery, and a methodical experimental approach. The cross-analysis of field perspectives and the literature underscores a consensus on the transformative potential of GAI, while identifying contextual specificities. This research contributes to a better understanding of the challenges of GAI for the HR function and acknowledges the methodological limitations of its exploratory nature, paving the way for subsequent quantitative studies already planned to empirically validate its initial findings.Cette étude exploratoire examine l’impact des prémices du déploiement à grande échelle de l’IA générative (IAG) sur la gestion du capital humain et la fonction Ressources Humaines. S’appuyant sur une approche qualitative combinant une revue de littérature et des entretiens semi-directifs avec des professionnels RH, l’analyse est structurée autour d’une version actualisée de la matrice d’Ulrich (1997). Cette matrice revisitée comprend cinq rôles fondamentaux de la fonction RH : expert fonctionnel (évolution de l’expert administratif), développeur du capital humain (axé sur le développement des talents futurs), avocat des salariés (défenseur des intérêts des employés), partenaire stratégique (contribuant à lastratégie globale) et leader (pilotant la transformation). Les résultats révèlent une transformation significative de ces rôles face à l’IAG. L’étude met en lumière des conditions clés de réussite pour cette transformation, notamment le soutien de la direction générale, l’appropriation technique de l’IA par la fonction RH, la gestion du changement, la maîtrise des don- nées et une approche expérimentale méthodique. L’analyse croisée des perspectives du terrain et de la littérature souligne un consensus sur le potentiel transformateur de l’IAG, tout en identifiant des spécificités contextuelles. Cette recherche contribue à une meilleure compréhension des enjeux de l’IAG pour la fonction RH et reconnaît les limites méthodologiques de son caractère exploratoire, ouvrant la voie à des études quantitatives ultérieures d’ores et déjà planifiées pour valider empiriquement ses premiers enseignements
Do patients value the service provided by physicians who overbill? A willingness-to-pay study using french survey data
No full textOutpatient specialist physicians in France can work either in the regulated sector, where they charge the regulated fee, or in the unregulated sector, where they set their own fees above the regulated fee. This context provides a unique opportunity to estimate the extent to which patients value services provided under balance-billing. In January 2021, we carried out a contingent valuation method survey on a sample of 1,051 individuals who were representative of France's adult population. Results highlighted that willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a specialist consultation in the unregulated sector was higher than for a consultation in the regulated sector, with a significant WTP difference of €4.30 (almost 15% of the regulated fee). This difference was significant across all respondent subgroups (i.e., gender, age, education level, marital status, income, health status, insurance coverage, and area of residence). Moreover, this preference was associated with the perception that specialists in the unregulated sector provide better quality medical care, better quality non-medical services, and that making an appointment with them is easier. Finally, we estimated the patient net welfare gain generated by specialist consultations in the unregulated sector in France at approximately €165 million per year. This is the first study to provide an estimation of patients' benefits associated with balance billing. This study is relevant not only in the French context, but also for other countries where the cost of baseline treatment is fully reimbursed by basic insurance, and patients pay out-of-pocket for non-basic care (balance-billing).</div
A budget impact analysis of a digital monitoring solution in patients treated with oral anticancer agents: a medico-economic analysis of the randomized phase 3 CAPRI trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground/objectives: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has demonstrated numerous benefits in cancer care, including improved quality of life, overall survival, and reduced medical resource use. This study presents a budget impact analysis of a nurse navigator-led RPM program, based on the CAPRI trial, from the perspective of the French national health insurance (NHI). The study aimed to assess the impact of the program on medical resource utilization and costs.Methods: Medical resource utilization data were collected from both medico-administrative sources and patient-reported questionnaires. Costs were calculated by applying unit costs to resource utilization and estimating the average monthly cost per patient. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore different perspectives and varying resource consumption.Results: The analysis included 559 cancer patients participating in the CAPRI program. From the NHI perspective, the program resulted in average savings of €377 per patient over the 4.58-month follow-up period, mainly due to reduced hospitalizations. The all-payers perspective yielded even greater savings of €504 per patient. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings.Conclusion: The budget impact analysis demonstrated that the CAPRI RPM program was associated with cost savings from the perspective of the NHI. The program's positive impact on reducing hospitalizations outweighed the additional costs associated with remote monitoring. These findings highlight the potential economic benefits of implementing RPM programs in cancer care. Further research is warranted to assess the long-term cost-effectiveness and scalability of such programs in the real-world settings
UNBIASED ESTIMATION OF MULTI-WAY GRAVITY MODELS
No full textMaximum likelihood estimators, such as the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML), suffer from the incidental parameter problem: a bias in the estimation of structural parameters that arises from the joint estimation of structural and nuisance parameters. To address this issue in multi-way gravity models, we propose a novel, asymptotically unbiased estimator. Our method reframes the estimation as a series of classification tasks and is agnostic to both the number and structure of fixed effects. In sparse data environments -common in the network formation literature -it is also computationally faster than PPML. We provide empirical evidence that our estimator yields more accurate point estimates and confidence intervals than PPML and its bias-correction strategies. These improvements hold even under model misspecification and are more pronounced in sparse settings. While PPML remains competitive in dense, low-dimensional data, our approach offers a robust alternative for multi-way models that scales efficiently with sparsity. The method is applied to estimate the effect of a policy reform on spatial accessibility to health care in France