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The China Questions 2: Critical Insights into US-China relations
No full textInternational audienceFor decades Americans have described China as a rising power. That description no longer fits: China has already risen. What does this mean for the U.S.–China relationship? For the global economy and international security? Seeking to clarify central issues, provide historical perspective, and demystify stereotypes, Maria Adele Carrai, Jennifer Rudolph, and Michael Szonyi and an exceptional group of China experts offer essential insights into the many dimensions of the world’s most important bilateral relationship.Ranging across questions of security, economics, military development, climate change, public health, science and technology, education, and the worrying flashpoints of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Xinjiang, these concise essays provide an authoritative look at key sites of friction and potential collaboration, with an eye on where the U.S.–China relationship may go in the future. Readers hear from leading thinkers such as James Millward on Xinjiang, Elizabeth Economy on diplomacy, Shelley Rigger on Taiwan, and Winnie Yip and William Hsiao on public health.The voices included in The China Questions 2 recognize that the U.S.–China relationship has changed, and that the policy of engagement needs to change too. But they argue that zero-sum thinking is not the answer. Much that is good for one society is good for both—we are facing not another Cold War but rather a complex and contextually rooted mixture of conflict, competition, and cooperation that needs to be understood on its own terms
A branch-price-and-cut algorithm for a multi-commodity two-echelon distribution problem
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Une comparaison des sanctions en droit financier, droit des données personnelles et droit de la concurrence
No full textNational audienceLes évolutions les plus remarquables du droit répressif visant les entreprises sont un accroissement très fort des sanctions pécuniaires encourues qui peuvent aujourd’hui atteindre des milliards d’euros et une multiplication des autorités non-judiciaires susceptibles de prononcer des sanctions. Les entreprises du secteur financier sont particulièrement exposées au risque de sanctions prononcées par des autorités administratives, de régulation ou de contrôle parce qu’elles sont traditionnellement placées sous la supervision scrupuleuse des autorités de régulation des activités et des acteurs financiers et parce qu’elles sont aussi éminemment concernées par les réglementations transectorielles assorties de sanctions comme le droit de la concurrence et le droit des données personnelles, en raison de leur poids sur leurs marchés respectifs et en raison du rôle essentiel que jouent la collecte, le traitement et l’exploitation des données dans les activités des entreprises financières
Intelligence économique et stratégies juridiques
No full textInternational audienceBusiness intelligence and legal strategies are two different new factors ofcompetitiveness for companies. Business intelligence refers to information managementtechniques implemented by intelligence and influence specialists to enable companies to protecttheir intangible assets, thwart theirs threats and risks and influence the institutional and mediaenvironment in their favour. Legal strategies consist of exploiting legal and proceduraltechniques in order to gain an advantage in terms of economic performance. There is aconvergence of these two universes as it becomes clearer that these two approaches share acommon conception of strategies based on the instrumentalisation of information and legalinstruments and that these two approaches have to be combined to increase their effectiveness.“Legal intelligence” appears as a possible outcome of this convergence between businessintelligence and legal strategies or « Law & Management ».L’intelligence économique et les stratégies juridiques sont deux facteurs nouveauxde compétitivité pour les entreprises. Ces deux approches se distinguent par leur objet et par leprofil des praticiens qui les mettent en œuvre. L’intelligence économique est un ensemble detechniques d’acquisition et de gestion de l’information mises en œuvre par des spécialistes durenseignement et de l’influence pour permettre aux entreprises de protéger leur patrimoineimmatériel, déjouer les menaces et les risques auxquels elles sont exposées et infléchirl’environnement institutionnel et médiatique en leur faveur. Les stratégies juridiques quant àelles consistent à exploiter les techniques juridiques et procédurales en vue d’en tirer unavantage en termes de performance économique et d’avantage concurrentiel. On observe uneconvergence de ces deux mondes à mesure qu’il apparaît plus évident que ces deux approchespartagent une même conception des stratégies fondées sur l’instrumentalisation de leur matériau(respectivement l’information et les instruments juridiques) et qu’elles ont donc vocation à êtrecombinées pour accroître leur efficacité. L’intelligence juridique apparaît comme unaboutissement possible de cette convergence entre intelligence économique et stratégiesjuridiques
Optimal regulation design of airports: Investment incentives and impact of commercial services
No full textInternational audienceModern airports provide commercial services to passengers in addition to aeronautical services to airlines. We analyze how the airport's market power impacts the pricing of services when the airport also invests in the quality of its infrastructure. There is a need to regulate the airport and the optimal regulation can be implemented with a price-cap and a subsidy scheme targeted to the investment. The choice between a single-till and a dual-till approach does change neither the optimal regulation nor its implementation. We also investigate the consequences on the optimal regulation of the nature of the airport-airline relationship and of the observability of investment
Linking Appellate Judgments to Tribunal Judgments – Benchmarking Different ML Techniques
No full textInternational audienceThe typical judicial pathway is made of a judgment by a tribunal followed by a decision of an appellate court. However, the link between both documents is sometimes difficult to establish because of missing, incorrect or badly formatted references, pseudonymization, or poor drafting specific to each jurisdiction. This paper first shows that it is possible to link court decisions related to the same case although they are from different jurisdictions using manual rules. The use of deep learning afterwards significantly reduces the error rate in this task. The experiments are conducted between the Commercial Court of Paris and Appellate Courts
The Economics and Finance of the Middle East and North Africa
No full textInternational audienceThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has often been, as an economic entity, neglected relative to other regions. Not generally as wealthy as Western Europe or North America, nor as vibrant or rapidly-developing as East Asia, nor possessing the industrial core and geographical endowments of Latin America, the MENA region has, as its defining characteristic, one key endowment necessary for life in the modern global economy: energy resources. This chapter provides an overview of the economics and finance of the Middle East and North Africa, informed by this rich political-economic heritage. It examines the economic history of the region, along with its modern economic organisation and structure. The chapter discusses the MENA region in comparative perspective, paying attention to both the real and financial dimensions
On the informed principal model with common values
No full textInternational audienceAbstract In the informed principal model with common values, I provide conditions that allow for the characterization of the set of equilibria of the game in which the principal makes a take‐it‐or‐leave‐it offer of a mechanism to the agent. I further examine if and when restriction to direct revelation mechanisms is without loss of generality. Last, I provide clear guidelines for solving economic applications, such as insurance, procurement, security design, and bilateral trading, of the informed principal model. The results are compared with and shown to significantly differ from those obtained in Maskin and Tirole (1992)