Archive ouverte de l'ESSEC Business School
Not a member yet
1344 research outputs found
Sort by
Multivariate discrete Generalized Pareto Distributions: Theory, simulation, and applications to dry spells
No full textThis article extends the multivariate extreme value theory (MEVT) to discrete settings, focusing on the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) as a foundational tool. The purpose of the study is to enhance the understanding of extreme discrete count data representation, particularly for discrete exceedances over thresholds, defining and using multivariate discrete Pareto distributions (MDGPD). Through theoretical results and illustrative examples, we outline the construction and properties of MDGPDs, providing practical insights into simulation techniques and data fitting approaches using recent likelihood-free inference methods. This framework broadens the toolkit for modeling extreme events, offering robust methodologies for analyzing multivariate discrete data with extreme values. To illustrate its practical relevance, we present an application of this method to drought analysis, addressing a growing concern in Europe
Féminisation des conseils d’administration et de directiondans les groupes du CAC 40 - Etat des lieux analytique
No full textAprès 10 ans, la directive Women on Boards a été adoptée en 2022 et est applicable dans les Etats membres depuis décembre 2024. La comparaison de la transcription du texte par les Etats membres de l’UE démontre déjà des disparités (introduction) . La France est sans surprise à l'avant-poste du sujet et plus globalement des politiques favorisant l’égalité femmes-hommes. Au sein des instances dirigeantes, ce sont les lois Copé-Zimmermann de 2011 qui impose un minimum de 40 % du genre minoritaire dans les conseils d'administration des grandes entreprises puis Rixain , adoptée 10 ans plus tard, qui fixe un objectif de 30 % de cadres dirigeantes d'ici 2026, puis de 40 % pour 2029 pour les entreprises de plus de 1 000 salariés) qui constituent le cadre légal. A ce titre, la France paraît constituer un périmètre adéquat pour étudier au-delà des éléments statistiques toujours utiles, cette fois les éléments qualitatifs des profils des femmes nommées.Les statistiques établissent désormais un réel effet levier légal détaillé en notre partie 1 ; renseigner quel est le profil de celles ayant atteint les hautes sphères des entreprises du CAC 40 (parcours, diplômes, types de postes et fonctions occupés, éventuel cumul de mandats, places aux Conseils, etc) constitue notre partie 2
The Strategic Rationale for Economic Decoupling: Theory and Experimental Evidence
No full textThis paper aims to provide microeconomic and behavioral foundations for economic decoupling in the context of a resurgent risk of international conflict between two economically integrated superpowers. In our model, a potential aggressor may initiate military conflict, while the defender, anticipating this possibility, can implement a preemptive decoupling strategy to signal its readiness to resist aggression. We analyze the subgame perfect equilibrium of this sequential game with perfect information and determine the optimal level of decoupling that ensures effective deterrence. Depending on the parameters, partial decoupling can lead to a "peace equilibrium." However, results from an original laboratory experiment reveal that achieving this optimal level is challenging. Many defenders either completely avoid decoupling or engage in extreme decoupling -both of which undermine peace, as they incentivize aggression from the attacker
Optimal Fiscal Policy with Heterogeneous Agents and Capital: Should We Increase or Decrease Public Debt and Capital Taxes?
No full textInternational audienceWe analyze optimal fiscal policy in a heterogeneous-agent model with capital accumulation and aggregate shocks, where the government uses public debt, a capital tax, and a progressive labor tax to finance public spending. We first study a tractable model and show that the steady-state optimal capital tax can be positive if credit constraints are occasionally binding. However, the existence of such an equilibrium depends on the shape of the utility function. We also characterize the optimal dynamic of public debt after a public spending shock. We confirm these findings by solving for optimal policy in a general heterogeneous-agent model.</div
On the Hardness of Edge Coloring Problems Associated with Scheduling
No full textInternational audienc
Data and knowledge engineering: Insights from forty years of publication
No full textInternational audienceThe journal, Data and Knowledge Engineering (DKE), first published by Elsevier in 1985, has now been in existence for forty years. This journal has evolved and matured to play an important role in establishing and progressing research on conceptual modeling and related areas. To accurately characterize the history and current state of the research contributions and their impact, we analyze its publications in three phases, by employing bibliometric techniques of co-citation, bibliographic coupling, main path analysis, and topic modeling. Using descriptive bibliometrics, the results from the first phase provide an overview of the articles that have been published in the journal. It analyzes the dynamics and trend patterns of publications, specifically, their main topics and contributions. Using bibliometric mapping, the second phase identifies the journal's intellectual structure, its primary research themes, and the pathways through which knowledge is disseminated between the most influential articles. The third phase entails a comparison of DKE with other scientific journals that share at least some of its scope. In addition to delineating the strengths of DKE, we provide insights into how DKE might continue to evolve and progress the contributions to the field
Préface: l'importance du "non" pour l'innovation
No full textInternational audienceL’innovation doit être mise en accusation, doit être condamnée. Ce qu’elle cause, ce qu’elle fait subir, sa domination n’est plus acceptable. L’injustice qu’elle peut créer comme les inégalités sont à mettre à l’index. « L’innovation standard » a fait son temps tant elle est nuisible aussi bien à l’environnement qu’aux systèmes politiques, aussi bien à l’humain qu’à son développement. Pourtant, formidable fille du progrès, l’innovation est celle qui nous a permis d’être ce que nous sommes, d’avoir fait en sorte que la santé, l’éducation, la sécurité, le vivre-ensemble soient possibles et ne cessent de progresser. C’est donc son détournement qui est mis sur le banc des accusés et l’enjeu de ce Manifeste n’est pas de faire cesser l’innovation mais de la (re)penser. Ce Manifeste est l’occasion de formuler un vœu : celui d’innover plus que jamais, car nous n’avons jamais eu autant besoin d’innovations. Toutefois, sous une forme inédite : non plus guidée par le seul profit, mais par le mieux vivre ; non plus soumise à la rentabilité exclusive, mais orientée vers le préférable; non plus administrée par une hiérarchie illégitime, mais par une communauté de choix. Il s’agit de faire sortir l’innovation du mondain, de l’arracher à ses griffes d’immanence et de l’inciter à s’élever et s’élargir à partir d’une posture de transcendance. La sortie du mondain est donc une ambition singulière pour l’innovation, car cela l’oblige à prendre un chemin inédit où elle risque de se perdre, de ne plus retrouver ses réflexes. Pourtant, c’est dans cet inconfort qu’émergera l’innovation non-standard
Real-world persistence with sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure in France: A claims database study
No full textInternational audienceBackground. – Information on treatment persistence and tolerability of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) is limited.Aims. – To evaluate treatment persistence, adherence and safety-related events in patients with HF treated with S/V, and to compare outcomes in subgroups of patients younger and older than 75 years.Methods. – This observational study was performed using the French national healthcare claims database. All patients who started S/V between April 2015 and December 2020 were eligible and were followed until 31 December 2020 or death. All deliveries of medication were documented. Persistence was defined as the interval between the first delivery and permanent discontinuation. Adherence was defined as the proportion of days covered (PDC). Adverse events of special interest (AESIs) were hospitalizations for hypotension, acute renal failure, hyperkalaemia or angioedema. All-cause mortality was documented.Results. – A total of 104,910 patients were enrolled, including 44,743 (42.6%) aged ≥ 75 years. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up duration was 18.1 (8.5–30.1) months. Twelve-month persistence rates (95% confidence intervals) were 83.0% (82.7–83.2) overall, 86.0% (85.7–86.3) in patients aged < 75 years and 78.7% (78.3–79.1) in patients aged ≥ 75 years. The median (IQR) PDC was 0.90 (0.82–0.96), with no significant difference between the two age groups. Hospitalizations with AESIs were documented in 20,624 patients (19.7%), were more frequent in patients aged ≥ 75 years (22.8%) than in younger patients (17.3%) and were associated with concomitant discontinuation of S/V in 3408 patients (3.2%; < 75 years: 2.3%; ≥ 75 years: 4.0%).Conclusions. – S/V can be considered a suitable treatment option for patients aged ≥ 75 years with HF
Do Billionaires Pay Taxes?
No full textWe link French households’ tax records to the corporations they control, and build a payout-policy–neutral income measure, with corresponding tax burdens including those of "billionaires": the top 0.0002%. De- fined as such, income is more concentrated than taxable income, it better predicts rich-list membership, and persists more among billionaires. Personal taxes remain progressive until the top 0.1%, but eventually decline to 2% of income. Corporate taxes are an imperfect progressive backstop, as total tax rates fall from 45% at the 0.1% threshold to 25% for billionaires. Among these, the tax burden is global and tax-efficient pyramidal control over businesses ubiquitous
IS/IT Backsourcing decision making - A design science research approach
No full textInternational audienceMany organizations implement outsourcing solutions for information systems and/or information technology (IS/IT). Some of them face problems resulting from dissatisfaction with these outsourcing decisions. Reasons for dissatisfaction include an outsourcing agreement that did not meet expectations, organizational changes, and a loss of control over the business. As a result, companies are rethinking their existing contracts by adopting a backsourcing solution. IS/IT backsourcing refers to the full or partial repatriation of previously outsourced activities. Given the strategic stakes of backsourcing, it is imperative to develop a decision-making process based on a solid framework. Based on an extensive literature review, we propose a design science research (DSR) approach consisting of four artifacts: a set of requirements, a conceptual framework, a decision model, and a prototype to support decision makers considering IS/IT backsourcing issues. A validation is presented, consisting of an illustrative scenario, a logical argument, and an expert evaluation. In addition, the approach was compared with recommendations found in the literature. Finally, the comments of a panel of IS/IT experts were collected. Our decision support system can be used by decision makers to investigate the backsourcing of IS/IT activities, choosing between three scenarios: backsource, renegotiate the contract, or change vendor