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Boardroom diversity and its effect on social performance
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we are trying to analyse if the boardroom diversity in the Lebanese companies would affect the corporate social performance. In asample of 41 Lebanese firms, our results showed the effects of the specific variables that formulated the diversity of/in boards. The research question is: was there any significant relationship between each of the following: gender, age, board size, outside directors, serving as board members and the corporate social performance, in the Lebanese organisations. The findings of this research showed that there was no significant relationship between the independent variables; age, gender, outside directors, board size and dependent variable; corporate social performance. Theoretical/academic implication is: the board of directors that unfortunately still were single handedly employed by the owner families, unless it was a worldwide company. The results showed that most Lebanese organisations were family businesses, performing corporate social performance regardless of the board diversity
New notation and classification scheme for vehicle routing problems
No full textInternational audienceVehicle Routing Problems have been some of the most studied problems in combinatorial optimisation because they have many applications in transportation and supply chain. They are usually known as Vehicle Routing Problems or VRPs. The related literature is quite large and diverse both in terms of variants of the problems and in terms of solving approaches. To identify the different variants of routing problems, authors generally use initialisms, in which various prefixes and suffixes indicate the presence of different assumptions or constraints. But this identification based on initialisms is inefficient. For example, two variants of a problem may be identified by the same abbreviation, whereas different abbreviations may be assigned to the same problem. This paper proposes a new notation and a new formalism to identify and to classify instances of routing problems. This contribution aims at filling in the gaps of the current identification system. The goal is to allow everyone to position his work accurately in the literature, and to easily identify approaches and results comparable to his research. The proposed notation is inspired by the scheduling formalism. It has four fields (π/α/β/γ), respectively describing the type and horizon of the problem, the system structure, resources and demands, constraints and objectives to be optimized. 26 papers from the literature chosen for their disparity are classified using this notation to illustrate its usefulness and a software tool is proposed to make its use easier
Fungal naphtho-γ-pyrones—secondary metabolites of industrial interest
No full textInternational audienceNaphtho-γ-pyrones (NGPs) are secondary metabolites mainly produced by filamentous fungi (Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp.) that should be considered by industrials. Indeed, these natural biomolecules show various biological activities: anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-hyperuricuric, anti-tubercular, or mammalian triacylglycerol synthesis inhibition which could be useful for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and/or food industries. In this review, we draw an overview on the interest in studying fungal NGPs by presenting their biological activities and their potential values for industrials, their biochemical properties, and what is currently known on their biosynthetic pathway. Finally, we will present what remains to be discovered about NGPs
Fusion of Global and Local Motion Estimation Using Foreground Objects for Distributed Video Coding
No full textInternational audienceThe side information in distributed video coding is estimated using the available decoded frames, and exploited for the decoding and reconstruction of other frames. The quality of the side information has a strong impact on the performance of distributed video coding. Here we propose a new approach that combines both global and local side information to improve coding performance. Since the background pixels in a frame are assigned to global estimation and the foreground objects to local estimation, one needs to estimate foreground objects in the side information using the backward and forward foreground objects, The background pixels are directly taken from the global side information. Specifically, elastic curves and local motion compensation are used to generate the foreground objects masks in the side information. Experimental results show that, as far as the rate-distortion performance is concerned, the proposed approach can achieve a PSNR improvement of up to 1.39 dB for a GOP size of 2, and up to 4.73 dB for larger GOP sizes, with respect to the reference DISCOVER codec. Index Terms A. ABOU-ELAILAH, F. DUFAUX, M. CAGNAZZO, and B. PESQUET-POPESCU are with the Signal and Image Processin
The VSAS approch gives the best MPPT for solar energy sources (RES)
No full textInternational audienceMore and more MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithms are in competition to maximize energy extracted from PV systems. This paper shows how to get the best algorithm (the most simple, fast and robust). VSAS (Variable Structure Automatic Systems) control methodology is applied to develop the control algorithm, to clarify the rationale behind and get the best optimization algorithm
Origin and recharge mechanisms of groundwater in the upper part of the Awaj River (Syria) based on hydrochemistry and environmental isotope techniques
No full textInternational audienc
The Researcher Handbook, Writing a Scientific Paper: Deductive Theoretical Approach
No full textInternational audienceSuccessful production of a scientific article requires significant effort. There is pressure to rapidly and continuously publish articles in order to establish, sustain, and further your academic and/or research career. The purpose of this handbook is to guide junior researchers. This guide includes a suggested structure and conceptual framework related to any problematic and research question related to business science
Security Wireless Solution for Semantic Smart SCADA/DCS
No full textJournal spécialisé das industrie du gazInternational audienceWe present the ability to detect and infiltrate semantic attacks a wireless radio network used in semantic (SCADA/DCS) systems, these attacks deny operators and automated systems the ability to safely and reliably monitor and control semantic sensors, semantic actuators, relays, and breakers. We presented in this work new security semantic wireless protocols as a secure communication support for these modern semantic wireless systems and a global security solution for interconnected (IT-SCADA) platforms
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ruta chalepensis L. Growing Wild in Lebanon
No full textInternational audienceThe essential oils (EOs) isolated from the fresh aerial parts of Ruta chalepensis L. collected in North Lebanon were obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction (Milestone®), yielding 0.12% EO from both the leaves and a mixture of stems and leaves. The EOs were characterized by GC/MS analysis, and 27 components were identified, which were primarily ketones (88.0–93.2%). The main components were nonan-2-one and undecan-2-one. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs against a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative bacterium, a yeast, and a dermatophyte was evaluated using the broth-microdilution technique and expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The EOs revealed moderate in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans
