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Psychometric properties of the Feeling of Unsafety Scale—Arabic in general population adults
No full textInternational audienceBackground Feelings of unsafety, including fear of crime, uncertainty, or insecurity, can negatively impact individuals by reducing psychological well-being and worsening health. Validating a simple and cost-effective tool to assess the general feeling of unsafety in the Arabic-speaking population, primarily residing in the Middle-East and North-Africa (MENA) region where safety can be a major concern, would be highly beneficial. The study aimed to translate the Feeling of Unsafety Scale into Arabic (FUSA) and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal reliability, sex invariance, composite reliability, and correlation with a measure of intolerance of uncertainty. Methods A total of 484 Arabic-speaking adults was recruited between March and April 2024. A self-administered anonymous survey was distributed through social media using a Google Forms link. We used the FACTOR software to conduct the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the FUSA scale and RStudio for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The confirmatory factor analysis of the unidimensional model was poor; the EFA conducted on the first split subsample showed a two-factor solution, with the CFA conducted on the second split subsample showing good fit. The latter model fit indices improved even more after adding a correlation between items 2–5 due to high modification indices. The reliability of the scale was excellent as shown by the McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha values for the total score ( ω = 0.89 and α = 0.90), Factor 1 = Feeling of outdoor unsafety (ω = 0.91 and α = 0.91) and Factor 2 = Feeling of indoor unsafety (ω = 0.83 and α = 0.83). Invariance was established between males and females. Good concurrent validity was attested by positive correlations between FUSA scores and intolerance of uncertainty dimensions. Conclusion The FUSA was found to be reliable, valid, and cost-effective for measuring the general feeling of unsafety in the general population. To evaluate its practical effectiveness and further enhance data on its construct validity, future studies should assess the scale in diverse contexts and among specific populations
A Review on Thermal Management and Heat Dissipation Strategies for 5G and 6G Base Stations: Challenges and Solutions
No full textInternational audienceA literature review is presented on energy consumption and heat transfer in recent fifth-generation (5G) antennas in network base stations. The review emphasizes on the role of computational science in addressing emerging design challenges for the coming 6G technology, such as reducing energy consumption and enhancing equipment thermal management in more compact designs. It examines the contributions of (i) advanced modeling and simulation sciences, including antenna modeling and design, the use of (ii) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer, and (iii) the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in these settings. The scientific interactions and collaborations between these scientific multidisciplinary approaches are vital in the effort to develop innovative 6G thermal equipment designs. This is essential if we are to overcome the current scientific barriers and challenges faced by this evolving technology, where the rapid transition from 5G to 6G will shape the expanding fields of deploying smaller satellites into lower orbits in outer space
Fair leadership and job satisfaction: insights from SMEs
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines how fairness and leadership affect job satisfaction in Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), drawing on social exchange theory. Analysing responses from 1,127 participants using structural equation modelling, the findings show that interactional justice or fair and respectful treatment by leaders positively influences leader-member exchange and job satisfaction, reinforcing the importance of quality leadership. Contrary to expectations, procedural justice or fairness in processes does not directly improve leader-member relationships, hinting that specific situational factors might play a more crucial role. Furthermore, the anticipated mediating role of leader-member exchange between procedural justice and job satisfaction was not supported, nor was gender found to significantly affect these relationships. These results suggest the need for SMEs to focus on personalised leadership and fair communication to enhance employee relations and satisfaction, regardless of gender. The study highlights the significance of adopting inclusive practices and effective crisis management strategies that prioritise both procedural and interactional justice to build organisational resilience
Untangling the puzzle: how central bank interventions drive currency hyperinflation and hamper SMEs
No full textInternational audienceThis study undertakes an assessment of the actions taken by the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank in response to the economic crisis in Lebanon, with a specific focus on the long-standing pegging of the Lebanese economy to the US Dollar since the 1990 s. The research employs a qualitative research approach, drawing upon published studies and official circulars issued by the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank in response to the currency pegging process. Additionally, this study identifies the roles and responsibilities of central banks within an economy, emphasising the importance of transparency in their assessment approach. The study’s findings indicate that the depreciation of the Lebanese currency was not a result of inadvertent economic factors but rather a deliberate course of action. Both the Lebanese deep state and the Governor of the Lebanese Central Bank are found to have played pivotal roles in the devaluation of the Lebanese currency, primarily through the issuance of monetary circulars and other preceding monetary measures. The practical implication of this research lies in its capacity to serve as a significant case study. It highlights the repercussions associated with currency pegging over the global economy and specifically SMEs in a geopolitically unstable and corruption-ridden environment
Effective Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Japanese Organisations
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the influence of sustainability practices on the adaptability of Japanese firms in international business environments. Utilising a sample of 384 Japanese firms, with participation from two board members and two marketing department members each, the study aggregates 1,536 observations to analyse the relationship dynamics. Through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and regression analysis, the study demonstrates that the business sustainability adaptability method (BSAM) significantly enhances Japanese entity adaptability (JEA), with communication (COM) and adaptation level of globalisation (ALG) serving as critical moderators. Comparative insights highlight the distinctive sustainability approaches between Japanese firms and their global counterparts, offering theoretical and practical implications for international business strategy. This research enriches the discourse within resource-based view, institutional theory, network theory, and stakeholder theory, positioning sustainability as a strategic imperative in global competitiveness
Facing Gen Z expectations at work is challenging, but we can do it ! HRM best practices on sustainability from Italy, Ivory Coast and Lebanon
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Energy-Aware LoRaWAN via Dual Optimization of Spreading Factor and Transmit Power
No full textInternational audienceResource allocation in LoRaWAN is a criticalchallenge, especially due to the prevalence of battery-powered devices. This work proposes a novel machinelearning approach leveraging the EXP3.S reinforcementlearning algorithm to optimize resource allocation byjointly adjusting spreading factors and transmission power.Unlike existing methods that focus on single-parameteroptimization, the dual-parameter strategy enables devicesto autonomously adapt both spreading factor and trans-mission power, significantly improving network through-put, energy efficiency, and overall performance. Extensivesimulations under realistic conditions including capture ef-fect, inter-spreading factor interference, and non-uniformdevice distributions demonstrate that our method achievessuperior energy savings while maintaining high networkefficiency. This approach offers a robust and scalable so-lution for intelligent resource management in LoRaWAN,paving the way for sustainable IoT network deployments
Statistical Inference and Model Selection for Models Adapted to Record Series
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the statistical properties of upper records observed in a time series {Xt}t≥1 under four widely studied record models: the Classical Record Model, the Yang-Nevzorov Model, the Linear Drift Model, and the Discrete-Time Random Walk Model. Our study focuses on the likelihood function constructed from the pairs of record values and their occurrence indicators, denoted as {Rn, Ln}. Using this likelihood function, we derive estimators for the key parameters governing these models. Furthermore, we explore statistical inference techniques for model selection, enabling the identification of the most suitable record model for a given series. To validate our theoretical findings, we conduct a comprehensive simulation study, illustrating the behavior of the estimators and their performance under different model settings
Breaking Barriers: Case Studies of Success
No full textInternational audienceDespite overwhelming challenges, youth in the MENA region are leading transformative initiatives across various vital domains, overcoming adversity, and shaping pathways for a more equitable and sustainable future. In this chapter we focus on youth-led initiatives in the MENA region that stand apart from traditional non-governmental organizations (NGOs). While some of these initiatives may have evolved into NGOs over time, many remain distinct, context-specific, and deeply localized efforts. Often self-financed, these initiatives reflect the resourcefulness and resilience of young people navigating challenging circumstances. Their trajectories vary widely - some have proliferated and sustained their activities over several years, while others have struggled to find the opportunity to flourish further. Despite these differences, many of these initiatives have become success stories, creating a lasting impact that extends beyond their immediate communities and inspiring broader societal change
Exploring the genetic diversity of Lebanon’s underexploited grapevine resources
No full textInternational audienceLebanon's well-documented history in grape cultivation and winemaking dates back millennia, intertwining with its cultural heritage and landscape. However, until recent years, Lebanon's grapevine genetic resources have received limited attention. This study presents a comprehensive exploration and characterization of Lebanese local underexploited resources, beginning with the collection of 276 accessions throughout the country, with an emphasis on old/abandoned vines and vineyards. Molecular analyses were conducted on these accessions; 22 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 3 chloroplastic SSR markers were used to assess their genetic diversity. A total of 102 distinct genotypes were identified, 63 of which exhibited original genetic signatures previously undocumented in international databases, highlighting the unique genetic richness of Lebanon's grapevine germplasm. Subsequent morphological characterization using a set of descriptors developed by International Organization of Grapevine and Wine (OIV) provided valuable insights into the phenotypic traits of these newly found grape cultivars. Parentage analysis facilitated the elucidation of genetic relationships among the accessions and the construction of genetic pedigrees. Comparative analysis with a set of cultivars of very diverse geographical origin positioned Lebanese accessions within the Eastern Mediterranean group, suggesting shared genetic affinities with regional counterparts. Lebanon's grapevine genetic resources are key for conservation, breeding, and future viticulture research. Preserving these resources protects the nation's heritage while fostering innovation and resilience in winemaking amid environmental changes