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From boardroom to factory: how CEO commitment and CSR shape SMEs eco-performance
No full textInternational audienceThis study delves into factors influencing environmental performance, with an emphasis on green human resource management (GHRM), environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR), pro-environmental behaviour, and CEO environmental commitment. After surveying middle-level managers from 410 SMEs through stratified random sampling, findings highlight GHRM’s pronounced impact on augmenting environmental performance. Parallelly, ECSR positively steers both pro-environmental behaviour and environmental performance. Intriguingly, ECSR and pro-environmental behaviour serve as mediators between GHRM and environmental performance. The CEO’s environmental dedication distinctly moderates the association between pro-environmental behaviour and environmental outcomes. Collectively, insights illuminate GHRM’s centrality in bolstering environmental performance in SMEs while spotlighting ECSR and pro-environmental behaviour as integral mediators. The findings pave a strategic path for SMEs to amplify decarbonisation efforts, underscoring the essence of employee pro-environmental actions steered by GHRM and ECSR directives
Evaluation of Different AI online Tools for General Scientific Research and Scientific Publication
No full textInternational audienceAI tools became a new trend in various fields in life including medicine and media and art, as for scientific research tools, they are few in comparison with other fields, but recently; many scientific research aiding tools merged or previous tools integrated AI in their structure, which created a new opportunity to advance scientific research in different sciences such as Biotechnology and precision medicine and astronomy and quantum physics. This research tested different freely available online AI tools used for different purposes in the general scientific research methodology, of which there is citation, summarizing, searching in different references, collecting data and categorizing them, translating, quotation, explanation of difficult scientific texts and detecting Plagiarism, grammar checkers, image creators, presentation creator for the display of research, and chatting with PDF files of the research. These mentioned aspects are necessary for all types of research and for publication, and these tools were tested in arabic also to see the ones that are appropriate to arabic shared research. Parameters for evaluating AI tools included: availability, time consumption, accuracy, additional features provided in comparance with other AI tools and traditional non-AI Tools. By comparing and evaluating these AI tools, we observed that each tool serve in one characteristic more than the other, and Quillbot, scispace, Monica ai, and Gemini chatbot provided by Google Incorporation showed the relative best results. Although this research provides a straight forward primary evaluation for these tools, Further studies are required to assess them in a statistically and more accurate method in a certain specialty in science. However, our results can be useful general scientific research processes, and can help researchers save a great amount of time in routine research. assignments
Experimental and predicted aqueous solubility and vapor pressures of food packaging migrants: 4-n-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-n-nonylphenol
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Lamin A/C protects chromatin accessibility during mechanical loading in human skeletal muscle
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Skeletal muscle nuclei (myonuclei) are subjected to high mechanical stress which plays a critical role in muscle tissue integrity and plasticity. Here we investigated the role of lamin A/C in dampening the effects of acute mechanical stretch on chromatin states and its downstream effects on gene expression. Methods:We studied control and lamin A/C-deficient human myotubes both at baseline and following a mechanical stress mimicking acute muscle exercise. Chromatin accessibility and transcriptional responses were assessed using ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing) and RNA-seq, respectively. Results:We found that stretch-induced nuclear deformations in lamin A/C-deficient myotubes but not in controls, and was associated with a widespread increase in chromatin accessibility, mainly affecting promoter regions. Concordantly, mechanical stress also increased the levels of H3K4me3 euchromatin marks and decreased heterochromatin-associated H3K27me3 in A-type lamin-deficient myotubes.Additionally, mechanical stress led to the downregulation of transcriptional pathways involved in histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, and muscle differentiation, while pathways related to cytokine activity, extracellular matrix organization, and cell adhesion were upregulated.Conclusions: Overall, lamin A/C deficiency amplifies the chromatin response to mechanical stress, leading to enhanced promoter accessibility and activation of stress DNA damage-related gene pathways. These findings underscore the role of lamin A/C in maintaining chromatin stability under mechanical strain
Topological data analysis and machine learning for COVID-19 detection in CT scan lung images
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Pupil response as a window into cognitive processing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textInternational audienceAbstract: We asked 44 French and 42 Lebanese participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who lived in their own homes to rate their depression and anxiety during the late fall/early winter 2020 lockdown and compared their responses. We also asked caregivers to quantify the frequency of visits that participants received from family members during the lockdown. We found higher levels of depression and anxiety in French than in Lebanese participants as well as lower frequency of visits to French than Lebanese participants. Interestingly, we observed negative correlations between depression/anxiety levels and frequency of visits in the two populations. The higher depression and anxiety levels in French than in Lebanese participants may result from fewer opportunities for communication with family members
Exploring healthcare in the 6G and AI era: Opportunities and challenges
No full textInternational audienceThe integration of AI with emerging 6G wireless communications promises to revolutionize healthcare delivery by providing ultra-fast, reliable, and intelligent medical services. Unlike previous generations of mobile phones, 6G is expected to offer sub-millisecond latency, data rates up to terabits per second, and connectivity for more than 10 million devices per square kilometer. Together, these technologies will enable unprecedented healthcare applications, such as real-time remote robotic surgery, holographic telemedicine, and continuous monitoring using bio-nanosensors within the bio-nano-internet of things.This survey systematically analyzes the integration of AI and 6G technologies, focusing on how their convergence will enable enhanced edge computing, federated and generative AI models, low-latency analytics for personalized treatment, predictive diagnostics, and efficient resource utilization. We present a comprehensive comparison of 5G and 6G architectures, highlighting the limitations of current systems and demonstrating how 6G advancements can address critical healthcare needs, including data throughput, mobility, and security.Furthermore, this work identifies detailed opportunities, such as AI-powered virtual nurse assistants, AI-enhanced drug discovery accelerated by hyper-responsive 6G infrastructures, and digital twin-enabled patient simulation. Alongside these opportunities, we critically examine the technical challenges related to spectrum management in the terahertz band, the design of energy-efficient IoT devices, robust data privacy frameworks that integrate federated learning and blockchain technology, ethical considerations surrounding AI explainability, and equitable access to healthcare.By filling gaps in the existing literature, this paper presents a comprehensive framework that combines AI and 6G, specifically designed for healthcare systems. Our findings underscore the transformative potential of this combination for achieving proactive and accessible healthcare, while outlining a roadmap for overcoming prevailing technical, ethical, and infrastructural barriers
Enhancing Problem-Solving Skills with AI: A Case Study on Innovation and Creativity in a Business Setting
No full textInternational audienceThe adoption of artificial intelligence has risen, yet research on its impact on innovation processes between actual businesses remains sparse. This research fills the present gap by investigating ten workers from a tech startup who utilize artificial intelligence tools in operational and creative activities. The paper analyzes business-related AI functionality through a qualitative analysis of ten tech start-up employees. The examination reveals that AI produces significant enhancements in problem resolution by executing mundane actions while analyzing large datasets to deliver data-driven suggestions to users. The interview respondents mentioned that AI’s role in diminishing supply chains is 15%, while allowing AI to manage customer service without employee engagement in 80% of interactions. The implementation costs, along with data dependency and occasional contextual blindness in AI systems, represented some of the problems in this system. Analysis demonstrated that AI tools enable the development of innovative concepts and challenge established viewpoints, prompting participants to create a gamified loyalty system and dynamic content planning. Participants in the study emphasized the need for human involvement to refine AI-based insights, recognizing how human imagination complements AI capabilities effectively. The work enhances academic discussions about AI-related problem-solving and creativity while offering specific business-related recommendations for implementation. The recommendations begin with establishing initial experimental programs, while providing support for employee’s skills development, and fostering strong alliances between technical AI personnel and professional subject matter experts. Research topics focused on AI application fields and the anticipated impacts on company decision-making, as well as the ethical ramifications, need further exploration. This research confirms the revolutionary potential of artificial intelligence systems for problem-solving methods, but requires proper execution, along with human supervision, to fully realize their advantages
AI-Driven Detection of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Pediatric Patients
No full textInternational audienceDevelopmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition affecting newborns and infants, where early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term complications. Manual interpretation of radiographs, the current standard for diagnosing DDH, is often time-consuming and prone to human error. This study presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approach for the automatic detection of DDH using pediatric pelvic radiographs. The CNN model achieved an accuracy of 95.5%, with a precision and recall of 96% for DDH cases, outperforming human radiologists in diagnostic accuracy. The use of Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (GRAD-CAM) provided insight into the model's decision-making process, confirming that the CNN focused on relevant anatomical regions. This study demonstrates the potential of AI to improve the accuracy and efficiency of DDH diagnosis, supporting radiologists in clinical practice
Effets de la taille et de l’indépendance du Conseil d’Administration sur la performance des sociétés endettées
No full textInternational audienceCet article s’intéresse aux relations entre la structure du CA et la performance des sociétés endettées. L’endettement, comme moyen de contrôle du dirigeant et facteur de complexité, est considéré comme une problématique majeure en gouvernance financière. L’article propose d’étudier l’effet de la taille et de l’indépendance du CA sur la performance des sociétés endettées. L’étude statistique repose sur les sociétés appartenant à l’indice CAC All-Tradable entre 2015 et 2019. Les résultats démontrent surtout qu’il n’est pas dans l’intérêt financier des sociétés endettées d’opter pour des CA de taille importante et majoritairement indépendants