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How rich is too rich? Visual design elements in digital marketing communications
No full textInternational audienceCompanies are increasingly including innovative visual design elements such as animations and pictographs in digital communication. While both elements can be beneficial in exchanges with their customers, we propose that combining them can have negative effects on communication effectiveness. Animations and pictographs enhance digital communication, essentially through increased perceptions of enrichment, but these elements also raise perceptions of clutter. As they enrich a message in unique ways, processing these different types of visual design elements requires distinct cognitive resources such that, when combined, clutter perceptions dominate the recipient’s perceptions and behaviors, thus paradoxically offsetting their positive effects. This interplay may not only undermine message outcomes but even spill over to downstream behavioral outcomes. In a large-scale randomized field experiment in cooperation with a mobile app company, we find that including animations (GIFs) and pictographs (emojis) together damages message outcomes (increasing unsubscriptions) and downstream outcomes (reducing in-app time) compared with what happens when these elements are deployed separately. We elaborate on the processing of the text and visual elements from this field experiment in two lab experiments, including an eye-tracking study. Finally, in two further online studies, we seek to establish whether the proposed mechanisms depend on the number of visuals or the types of pictographs employed
5G-ALLSTAR: Beyond 5G satellite-terrestrial multi-connectivity
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a summary of the results of the 5G-ALLSTAR project. It describes the enablers that have been developed and validated and will help make 5G and beyond satellite-terrestrial multi-connectivity (MC) a reality in the near future.We proposed and evaluated solutions for critical aspects of the integration of non-terrestrial networks into a 5G and beyond terrestrial network.The OpenAirInterface implementation of the 5G physical layer (PHY) has been upgraded to meet the satellite radio channel constraints. We addressed the issue of co-tier interference between satellite and terrestrial systems. We designed and implemented customized 5G Physical layer, specifically adapted for terrestrial-satellite spectrum sharing. On top of the dedicated beam-forming and hardware design, we validated the full potential of MC by conceiving and testing our proposed resource allocation algorithms based on a custom multipath TCP protocol. The contribution of MC in vehicular use cases has been demonstrated onsite by implementing a terrestrial 5G PHY in conjunction with a satellite/terrestrial traffic controller. Finally, radio resource management solutions were examined. Thanks to these tools, the presence of industry partners in the consortium and to an active participation in standardization, the 5G-ALLSTAR project is an accelerator for the integration of non-terrestrial networks in 5G and beyond
Alternative leadership and the pitfalls of hierarchy: When formalization enables power to be tamed
No full textInternational audienceHierarchy is a keybut under-studiedlens for critically exploring leadership. The critical literature suggests that both mainstream and alternative leadership contribute to the perpetuation of hierarchy. In mainstream leadership, even in its most recent forms in allegedly 'flattened' organizations, hierarchy continues to exist and followers often remain disempowered. In alternative leadership, which occurs for instance in non-hierarchical organizations, an unofficial hierarchy tends to persist: even when leadership is rejected, it is enacted in less-formalized forms, resulting in the tyranny of structurelessness and the undermining of horizontal democratic practices. Our research therefore explores whether and how alternative leadership can be practiced in such a way that it avoids the pitfalls of formal or informal hierarchy. We conducted an in-depth case study of a nonhierarchical group of freelancers, combining 140h of participant observation, 15 semi-structured interviews, and documentary analysis. Our research shows that it is possible to practice alternative leadership in a way that avoids the pitfalls of hierarchy and that this happens through the formalization of leadership. Leadership formalization allows power to be tamed by making it visible but it also involves some tensions
The role of organizational settings in social learning: an ethnographic focus on food-delivery platform work
No full textInternational audienceHow do organizational settings influence learning mechanisms and their outcomes? Based on a 26-month online and offline ethnography, the article specifically analyses couriers’ learning in the context of food-delivery platform work, marked by the heterogeneity of the working crowd, the gig nature of the job and the digitally mediated, individualized and automated management apparatus. Drawing on social learning theory, and in particular on communities of practice (CoPs), the results of the study unpack how the digital nature of online peer discussion groups enables three interrelated learning mechanisms (sharing, symphonizing and shaping). The digitalness of CoPs indeed allows for a high degree of responsiveness in exchanges and a commutativity of shared knowledge that overcome the structural barriers to social learning inherent in the low-skilled platform context. The present study finally challenges the widespread approach that views online worker groups as a potential locus for resistance; its findings suggest that they also indirectly contribute to maintaining power relations through the social learning processes they enable
Le luxe c’est geek ? Etude exploratoire de l’appropriation par les marques de symboles sous-culturels
No full textInternational audienceSubcultures are likely to follow or undergo a cycle leading to their appropriation by the mainstream and their commodification (Goulding and Saren, 2007; Arsel and Thompson, 2010). As part of this communication, we try to understand how members of a subculture react to the appropriation of their symbols by a market and brands that are at first sight incongruent with the subculture. We are particularly interested in the case of the appropriation of symbols of the geek subculture by luxury brands, by offering a reading of the trajectories of several members of this culture vis-à-vis this symbolic appropriation.Les sous-cultures sont susceptibles de suivre ou subir un cycle menant à leur appropriation par le mainstream et à leur marchandisation (Goulding et Saren, 2007 ; Arsel et Thompson, 2010). Dans le cadre de cette communication, nous tentons de comprendre comment les membres d’une sous-culture réagissent à l’appropriation de leurs symboles par un marché et des marques à première vue non-congruentes avec la sous-culture. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au cas de l’appropriation de symboles de la sous-culture geek par des marques de luxe, en proposant une lecture des trajectoires de plusieurs membres de cette culture vis-à-vis de cette appropriation symbolique
Challenges to Green Infrastructure Valorisation and Policies to overcome them
No full textInternational audienceIn this chapter we explore the challenges and possible solutions emerging from the LUIGI project in developing a coherent network of green infrastructure across the Alps. Our focus is on how to valorise GI elements and networks through the practical lens of three aspects: mapping and quantifying, enabling and governing. We first outline five major challenges for policy makers and relevant stakeholders and then investigate a number of possible solutions across all three aspects to implement at the local, regional, or transnational level
Current issues of sustainability in esports
No full textInternational audienceAims: Sustainability refers to the ability of esports to survive or persist. The aim of the paper is to explore emerging themes that support the development of a sustainable esports industry. Methods and results: This study is based on a workshop methodology, which aims to identify and explore topics perceived as most pertinent by individuals with an intimate understanding of the dynamics of the esports context. Two workshops were held with a total of 64 participants, representing both academia and esports industry stakeholders. Interpretations of the sustainability of esports were thus recorded, developed, critiqued, and refined through social interaction with experts. The results indicate three critical themes to address regarding the development of sustainability of esports, namely a) health and inclusiveness, b) the incomplete industry structure, and c) the immature business logic. Conclusions: We argue that sustainability is dependent on how well esports industry stakeholders can address the identified themes. Currently, social sustainability is the primary concern of both practitioners and researchers of esports. Economic sustainability mostly deals with securing business growth, while environmental sustainability is not yet perceived as a relevant topic (e.g., using sustainable technologies and energy-saving related to gaming and competitive events). Structures and processes within esports presently constitute the focus of sustainability in esports
Sign of the times: Workplace mindfulness as an empty signifier
No full textInternational audienceThe rapid emergence of mindfulness programs within organizational settings reflects an amalgam of humanistic, spiritual, and managerial perspectives. While impact studies have focused on effects of mindfulness programs on employees, how such programs are implemented by trainers, managers, and employees and how the mindfulness concept operates within organizations are not well understood. In this study, we draw upon Laclau's notion of the 'empty signifier' to argue that mindfulness programs work to encode oppositional organizational elements, drawing on competing discourses that shape, in practice, how mindfulness evolves within organizations. Through an empirical qualitative study of organizational mindfulness practitioners, we show how practitioners leverage heterogeneous meanings to represent oppositions within organizations, and that in the course of mindfulness programs, these oppositions are framed to align with dominant managerial perspectives. We discuss the ramifications of these findings to understanding the uses of mindfulness for ideological purposes while speculating on the emancipatory possibilities of mindfulness as a solidaristic and collective practice
Microaventure : une autoproduction sauvage de l’expérience touristique de proximité ?
No full textInternational audienceMicroadventure is a short and local adventure, popularized by the exploratory and author Alistair Humphreys in 2014. This term may cover already existing practices that are not necessarily designated as such by its followers. Microadventure is a form of the “staycation” phenomenon, a neologism mixing the terms “stay” and “vacation”, which designates the fact of spending one's holidays on one's own territory. Microadventure has received increasing interest from consumers, the media and tourism stakeholders, but little attention from the scientific community. By catalyzing questions about several emerging tourism phenomena, it offers an opportunity for original analysis. Indeed, this could increase in the coming years with growing geopolitical, health, ecological and economic constraints.This research analyzes microadventure as a new form of tourist experience re-enchanting everyday life and the surrounding area, from the perspective of self-production of tourism experience and consumer agency. Data were collected from three groups of local mountain climbers at a famous climbing site in the French Northern Alps (Mont Aiguille), during a two-day trip including an overnight wilderness camping at the top of the moutain. Following an ethnomarketing approach, data emcompass on site interviews on motivations, expectations, inspirations and material equipment from technical technical gear, to food and artefacts, immersive observations, research logbook, pictures, and feedback from the respondents. Our results reveal three categories of microaventure practices: performance, collection and play, echoing an assisted, a facilitated and a wild form of self-produced tourist experience. The latter is characterized by an unbridled freedom of its followers that make it difficult to tame by tourist actors.Cette recherche analyse la microaventure, une aventure courte et proche de chez soi, comme une nouvelle forme d’expérience touristique qui réenchante le quotidien et le rapport au territoire de proximité. Une étude exploratoire a été réalisée auprès de groupes de pratiquants de microaventure au sommet du Mont Aiguille (Alpes françaises). Elle révèle trois registres d’expérience : la performance, la collection et le jeu. Si la microaventure correspond à une expérience autoproduite, nos résultats soulignent les subtilités de l’autoproduction d’expérience dans un contexte touristique en distinguant trois formes : accompagnée, facilitée et sauvage. Cette dernière se caractérise par une liberté débridée de ses adeptes qui la rendent délicate à apprivoiser par les acteurs touristiques