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L'impact du changement climatique sur les pays du Maghreb
No full textA global climate change is a change in the climate of the entire planet. Climate change can occur naturally (ice age) so Earth's natural climate has always changed and will continue to change.
Today, climate change differs from previous changes in its speed and magnitude because the greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that will affect the Earth's temperature. Greenhouse gases, especially water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, trap the sun's heat, preventing the radiation from dissipating into space, however without these natural gases, Earth's average temperature would be -18°C.
In this work, we will see what are the consequences of these climate changes on the economies of the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), in a global context. As well as the efforts to circumvent them
Issue of Bai‘ Wa Salaf (Combination of Sale and Loan Contract) in Tawarruq Based Deposit Product: A Practitioner’s Perspective
No full textThe Malaysia Islamic banking market has expanded rapidly and it continues to embrace innovative structure, as underlined by the launch of Islamic banking products using various Shariah concepts. One of the most popular Shariah concept used by Islamic Banks across all market segment in Malaysia is Tawarruq (Commodity Murabahah). In recent years, Centre Bank of Malaysia has been issuing various Shariah resolutions and Shariah related policies to be complied by Islamic banks. Whilst this initiative is praiseworthy in strengthening and standardising the Shariah compliance culture, there are several issues which may impact the operational aspect of a bank. This paper will focus to discuss on the Shariah and operational concerns in Tawarruq based deposit product where the analysis will focus on the issue of prohibition of Bai` Wa Salaf. In addition, this paper will also provide some example of financial structures which already in Malaysia market as case study and reference. This article is based on qualitative research approach which is purely based on primary data gathered through library research and interview
Global mineral companies size and corporate governance
No full textThis paper analyses the relationship between the size of Global minerals companies and corporate governance. This is achieved by augmenting and comparing the corporate governance ratings of minerals companies in South Africa to that of the minerals companies world wide. The results show a statistically significant autonomous corporate governance as well as a statistically significant difference in corporate governance of the sampled companies' measures of transparency, comprising required disclosure and additional disclosure, based on size. The results, however, show no statistically significant difference in corporate governance between minerals companies in south Africa compared to the minerals companies in other parts of the world as well as no statistically significant difference in corporate governance of the companies measures of market value, market performance and financial performance. The paper, nevertheless, recommends a continued encouragement of good corporate governance to all companies, including those in the minerals industry, given the adverse consequences of the recent corporate scandals
Assessing global interest in financial inclusion information
No full textThis paper investigates the general level of interest in financial inclusion information using global data. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used to assess the global interest in financial inclusion information. Using Google Trends monthly data from 2004 to 2021, the results show that the term ‘financial inclusion’ was more popular on the web in year 2017 than in any other year. Secondly, the highest level of interest in the term ‘financial inclusion’ by internet users was recorded in non-crisis months particularly after the global financial crisis but before the COVID-19 pandemic while the lowest interest in the term ‘financial inclusion’ by internet users was recorded in crisis months particularly during the global financial crisis and during the COVID-19 period. Thirdly, web search for information about financial inclusion was more popular in Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Fiji, Uganda and Zambia, while news search for information about financial inclusion was more popular in Fiji, India, Malaysia, Kenya, Singapore and Nigeria. This suggests that there was more interest in the term ‘financial inclusion’ among internet users in developing countries than in developed countries. Also, there is a negative correlation between interest in financial inclusion information and the level of country development
Financial inclusion and bank stability: evidence from capital buffer and capital adequacy ratio
No full textThe study examines the effect of financial inclusion on bank stability, and the effect of bank stability on financial inclusion from 2011 to 2020. The study analyses 33 countries which are divided into Asian countries, African countries, European countries, and countries in the region of the Americas and using the panel regression method. It was found that high levels of financial inclusion have a significant positive impact on bank stability. The regional results show that financial inclusion improves bank stability in African countries and in countries in the region of the Americas while financial inclusion impairs bank stability in European countries. The analysis for the impact of bank stability on financial inclusion shows that bank stability has a significant effect on financial inclusion. The regional analysis shows that greater bank stability decreases financial inclusion in European and African countries while greater bank stability increases financial inclusion in countries in the Americas region. The results suggest that the effect of financial inclusion on bank stability, and the effect of bank stability on financial inclusion, depends on how financial inclusion and bank stability are measured and the region examined
The impact of banks’ liability management on large lending volume. Empirical Evidence from US Banks
No full textBanks provide credit to large firms either to finance large firms’ investment projects with positive net present values or to lend out SMEs indirectly through the expansion of trade credit by large firms which have Access to bank credit. The aim of the current article is twofold: to provide empirical evidence that time deposits affect the supply of large lending and to study whether the large lending volume differs according to banks’ characteristics. We employ a Heckman’s sample selection model to take into account the latent (unobserved) mechanism that banks use to decide whether to lend out large firms either to finance their goals or to provide trade credit to SMEs. We create a panel of US banks acquired from Statistics on Depository Institutions (SDI) report made by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) covering the period from 2012 to 2021. The results of this study offer us empirical evidence of positive relationship between large lending volume and time deposits, which means that the availability of long time-term liabilities increases large lending as this flexibility of banks’ liability management implies that banks can aggressively expand their assets obtaining funds (by issuing time deposits) as they were needed
Évaluation de système de financement des établissements publics à Madagascar
No full textThis article highlights the assessment of educational achievement in Madagascar in relation to the actions taken during fund transfers to public schools. Public aid for education requires an in-depth study in order to improve future financing actions whose objective is to minimize school dropout and also increase access to school. Thus, we start from the analysis relating to the different theories and the investment of human capital, then the empirical evaluation of education financing to public schools for the case of Madagascar. The result of this study highlights the importance of education financing to cover the gaps in educational achievement in Madagascar, including the transparent, efficient and equitable management of funds allocated to education
Post-keynésianisme en France : d’une longue période de croissance contrainte à l’hybridation ?
No full textThis article traces the evolution of the Post-Keynesian school in France since the mid-1970s. Starting out inauspiciously from a Keynesian tradition of little influence, the school’s growth was slowed by strong competition from other schools (both orthodox and heterodox) in a context of limited recruitment of permanent researchers at universities. Despite this, some momentum has been built up in France since 2000s. Today, the French Post-Keynesian school is well structured, internationally integrated, and capable of hybridizing with certain heterodox schools. Nevertheless, the trend remains shaky
(Non-Monotonic) Effects of Productivity and Credit Constraints on Equilibrium Aggregate Production in General Equilibrium Models with Heterogeneous Producers
No full textIn a market economy, the aggregate production level depends not only on the aggregate variables but also on the distribution of individual characteristics (e.g., productivity, credit limit, ...). We point out that, due to financial frictions, the equilibrium aggregate production may be non-monotonic in both individual productivity and credit limit. We provide conditions under which this phenomenon happens. By consequence, improving productivity or relaxing credit limit of firms may not necessarily be beneficial to economic development
Evaluating Environmental Sustainability in Manufacturing: A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Chittagong's Industrial Sector
No full textBangladesh faces significant environmental challenges stemming from improper industrialization and unsustainable commercial practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various attributes and sub-attributes associated with manufacturing companies in Chittagong in addressing environmental sustainability. A multi-criteria decision-making approach, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), was employed to assess the natural environment through six primary attributes and 27 sub-attributes identified via a participatory process. The study determined the relative weights of these attributes and sub-attributes using a pair-wise comparison matrix. The findings revealed that Image/Relationship was the most influential attribute (35.92%), followed by Regulatory (27.6%) and Internal Voluntary (17.9%). Manufacturing organizations were found to prioritize image building, often investing significantly in environmental assessments to enhance their corporate reputation. Under the Regulatory attribute, organizations demonstrated considerable attention to monitoring, inspection, testing, and protective equipment. However, in the Internal Voluntary category, while employee health and satisfaction were highly valued, environmental audits received minimal focus. This study underscores the need for a unified framework to systematically assess and address the environmental impacts of manufacturing organizations. By establishing such a framework, organizations can better align their operations with sustainable practices. This research represents an ongoing effort to develop a standardized approach to natural environment assessment in industrial contexts