Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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An exploratory analysis of low-ozone events during spring and summer months over Cape Point, South Africa
No full textInternational audienceDecreased stratospheric ozone levels contribute towards increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface with potential negative impacts on public health. This study sought to determine whether or not the break-up of the polar vortex has an effect on stratospheric ozone levels and the resulting UV-B radiation at Cape Point. Using a dynamical model, it was shown that the polar vortex has a limited effect on ozone levels at Cape Point in September and that tropical air-masses had a larger impact on ozone levels during summer months. Decreased levels of stratospheric ozone resulted in increased UV radiation at the surface
Le travail émotionnel chez les agents de transferts d’argent en situation de concurrence
No full textInternational audienceThis research assesses the relationship between emotional work and the competitive situation. Based on the theoretical model of the emotional work 3 , she postulates that the competitive situation leads the money transfer agents to increase the level of emotional work. The three-dimensional emotional work scale 4 was administered to 98 agents of both sexes from different money transfer agencies located in the city of Dschang and approved specific assumptions. The results suggest that the perceived competition situation of the respondents is related to emotional work on the one hand and the display of positive emotions is further predicted$ to the detriment of dissonance and emotional sympathy.La présente recherche évalue le lien entre le travail émotionnel et la situation de concurrence. S'appuyant sur le modèle théorique du travail émotionnel de Grandey 1 , elle postule que la situation de concurrence amène les agents de transferts d'argent à accentuer le niveau de travail émotionnel. Administré auprès de 98 agents des deux sexes des différentes agences de transfert d'argent situées dans la ville de Dschang, l'Emotional Work Scale (EWS) 2 à trois dimensions a permis d'approuver les hypothèses spécifiques. Les résultats suggèrent que la situation de concurrence perçue par les répondants est reliée au travail émotionnel. Par ailleurs, l'affichage des émotions positives est davantage prédit au détriment de la dissonance et la sympathie émotionnelle
Écologie de l’abeille, Apis mellifera unicolor Latreille, dans les écosystèmes forestiers naturels de Ranomafana (Madagascar) et Mare Longue (Réunion) : étude du comportement de butinage et de l’utilisation des ressources florales par approche mélissopalynologique
No full textThe natural forest ecosystems of the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) have been strongly impacted by deforestation and face many biological invasions that are alter their balance, particularly plant-pollinator interactions. It is in this context that this thesis is set, describing the relations between an indigenous general pollinator: Apis mellifera unicolor and the flora of two ecosystems of Madagascar (Ranomafana: RA) and Reunion (Mare Longue: ML). The palynological description of 135 species from 52 families of melliferous plants from the RA formation, highlighted the specific criteria of pollens associated with entomophilous pollination. In a second time, monthly phenological monitoring of 131 species (90% native) to RA and 120 species (53% exotic) to ML allowed to identify and estimate the available floral resources. During one year, the monthly analysis of honeys and pollen collected enabled an inventory of the floral resources actually exploited. Native species were significantly more visited than exotic species, despite a diversity of exotic resources superior to that of the natives (ML). The foraging behaviour of the honeybee on the genus Weinmannia was analysed on the basis of 104 hours of video (W. bojeriana and W. rutenbergii in Madagascar, and W. tinctoria in Reunion Island). The flowers were visited by many potential pollinators: Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other Hymenoptera. A. m. unicolor was the most frequent visitor to the two species from Madagascar. The results confirmed the generalist behaviour of A. m. unicolor, with, however, a strong and significant preference for native floral species of tree and shrub strata and makes it possible to speculate on the important place of this bee in the ecosystems of the SOOI biodiversity hotspot.Les écosystèmes forestiers naturels du Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien (SOOI) sont fortement impactés par la déforestation et font face à de nombreuses invasions biologiques pouvant altérer leur processus, en particulier les interactions de type plantes-pollinisateur. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit cette thèse, décrivant les relations entre un pollinisateur généraliste indigène : Apis mellifera unicolor et la flore de deux écosystèmes de Ranomafana : RA et de Mare Longue : ML. La description palynologique de 135 espèces issues de 52 familles de plantes mellifères de la formation de RA, a fait ressortir les caractères spécifiques des pollens liés à une pollinisation entomophile. Dans un second temps, des suivis phénologiques mensuels de 131 espèces (90% d’indigènes) à RA et 120 espèces (53% d’exotiques) à ML ont permis d’identifier et d’estimer les ressources florales disponibles. Pendant un an, l’analyse mensuelle des miels et pollens collectés a permis de dresser l’inventaire des ressources florales réellement exploitées. Les espèces indigènes ont été significativement plus butinées que les espèces exotiques, malgré une diversité de ressources exotiques supérieures à celles des indigènes (ML). Le comportement de butinage de l’abeille sur le genre Weinmannia a été analysé sur la base de 104 h de vidéo (W. bojeriana et W. rutenbergii à Madagascar, et W. tinctoria à La Réunion). Les fleurs ont été visitées par un cortège de pollinisateurs potentiels : coléoptères, diptères, lépidoptères et autres hyménoptères. A. m. unicolor était le visiteur le plus fréquent à Madagascar. L’ensemble de ces résultats a permis de confirmer le comportement généraliste d’A. m. unicolor, avec toutefois une préférence forte et significative pour les espèces florales indigènes des strates arborées et arbustives et permet d’émettre des hypothèses sur la complexité des interactions entre l’abeille et les écosystèmes du hotspot de biodiversité SOOI
Hydrophobia of human rabies
No full textInternational audienceHydrophobia is a clinical sign characteristic of human rabies. This sign occurs following paroxysmal contractions of pharynx responsible for hydrophobic spasms
Testing bio-efficacy of insecticide-treated nets with fewer mosquitoes for enhanced malaria control
No full textInternational audienceMalaria control programs implementing Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) are encouraged to conduct field monitoring of nets' survival, fabric integrity and insecticidal bio-efficacy. The reference method for testing the insecticide activity of LLINs needs 100 two-to-five-day-old female mosquitoes per net, which is highly resource-intensive. We aimed at identifying an alternative protocol, using fewer mosquitos, while ensuring a precision in the main indicator of ±5 percentage points (pp). We compared different laboratory methods against the probability of the LLIN to fail the test as determined by a hierarchical Bayesian model. When using 50 mosquitoes per LLIN and considering mortality only instead of mortality or knock-down as validity criteria, the average error in the measure of the proportion of nets considered as valid was 0.40 pp. The 95% confidence interval of this value never exceed 5 pp when the number of LLIN tested was ≥40. This method slightly outperforms the current recommendations. As a conclusion, testing the bio-efficacy of LLINs with half as many mosquitoes provides a valid evaluation of the proportion of valid LLINs. This approach could increase entomology labs' testing capacity and decrease costs, with no impact in the decision process for public health purposes
Status of coral reefs of Upolu (Independent State of Samoa) in the South West Pacific and recommendations to promote resilience and recovery of coastal ecosystems
No full textInternational audienceCoral reef ecosystems worldwide are immediately threatened by the impacts of climate change. Here we report on the condition of coral reefs over 83 km of coastline at the island of Upolu, Samoa in the remote South West Pacific in 2016 during the Tara Pacific Expedition. Despite the distance to large urban centers, coral cover was extremely low (<1%) at approximately half of the sites and below 10% at 78% of sites. Two reef fish species, Acanthurus triostegus and Zanclus cornutus, were 10% smaller at Upolu than at neighboring islands. Importantly, coral cover was higher within marine protected areas, indicating that local management action remains a useful tool to support the resilience of local reef ecosystems to anthropogenic impacts. This study may be interpreted as cautionary sign for reef ecosystem health in remote locations on this planet, reinforcing the need to immediately reduce anthropogenic impacts on a global scale
Environnement-santé : modélisation multi-échelle de systèmes épidémiologiques
No full textInternational audienc
Displaced Selves, Dislocated Identities: The Indian (American) Experience of Migration in G.S. Sharat Chandra’s "Sari of the Gods"
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines how in “Here,” the first section of _Sari of the God_, the expatriate writer explores the themes of migration, displacement and alienation that contribute to shaping a new Indian American self. Our aim is to demonstrate how, through the use of symbols and images deeply engrained in Hindu culture, Chandra constructs shifting and conflicting diasporic identities, and addresses the questions of ethnicity, class and gender in the context of migration
Intervention éducative et médiation(s): Contextes insulaires, cultures diverses, explorations plurielles
No full textInternational audienceEn éducation et en formation, la dialectique entre enseignement et apprentissage implique une rencontre entre des acteurs aux univers symboliques et aux mondes culturels hétérogènes. Les transformations, fruits de ces interactions, reposent sur une (re)médiation active des savoirs, mais elles questionnent également le poids des contingences et des contextes, qu'ils soient locaux et/ou périphériques, sociaux et/ou historiques, culturels et/ou structurels, discursifs et/ou incarnés. Ces contextes influencent tant la dynamique de construction et de transformation des divers acteurs que les dispositifs et les systèmes avec lesquels ils interagissent. Derrière des rapports universels au savoir se glissent des pratiques intimes et contingentielles dans l’acte d'apprendre : de la qualité de la rencontre dépendront les modalités d’appropriation du savoir par l’apprenant. En prenant la médiation pour ce qu'elle est, irrégulière et discontinue, contingente et aléatoire, éphémère et historiquement ancrée, l'explorateur didacticien ou chercheur, pourra tracer des pistes exploratoires inédites d'un «être avec», qui redéfinissent l'altérité comme une opportunité pour (se) comprendre et (se) transformer
Recovery of coral assemblages despite acute and recurrent disturbances on a South Central Pacific reef
No full textInternational audienceCoral reefs are increasingly threatened by various types of disturbances, and their recovery is challenged by accelerating, human-induced environmental changes. Recurrent disturbances reduce the pool of mature adult colonies of reef-building corals and undermine post-disturbance recovery from newly settled recruits. Using a long-term interannual data set, we show that coral assemblages on the reef slope of Moorea, French Polynesia, have maintained a high capacity to recover despite a unique frequency of large-scale disturbances which, since the 1990s, have caused catastrophic declines in coral cover and abundance. In 2014, only four years after one of the most extreme cases of coral decline documented, abundance of juvenile and adult colonies had regained or exceeded pre-disturbance levels, and no phase-shift to macroalgal dominance was recorded. This rapid recovery has been achieved despite constantly low coral recruitment rates, suggesting a high post-disturbance survivorship of recruits. However, taxonomic differences in coral susceptibility to disturbances and contrasting recovery trajectories have resulted in changes in the relative composition of species. In the present context of global coral reef decline, our study establishes a new benchmark for the capacity of certain benthic reef communities to sustain and recover their coral cover from repeated, intense disturbances