Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Optimization of mobile sensor coverage with UAVs
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we address the optimization problem of covering a set of mobile sensors with a fleet of flying devices. The goal is to deploy a connected set of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) continuously monitoring the mobile sensors and reporting information to a fixed base station for efficient data collection. We propose an effective optimization model reducing the number of variables of the problem and solved using column generation. Results show that our model is tractable for large topologies with several hundreds of possible 3D locations for the UAVs deployment and provides integer solutions with the generated columns very close to the optimum. Moreover, the deployment changes among time remains low in terms of number of UAVs and cost, to maintain connectivity and minimize the data collection delay to the base station
Étude des procédés de transformation de poivres sauvages d’îles de l’océan indien : impact sur la qualité (piquant, arôme et couleur)
No full textThe objective of this thesis work was to acquire new knowledge on the characteristics of Malagasy (Tsiperifey) and Réunion (Piper borbonense) wild peppers. The impact of transformation processes on their quality was evaluated by measuring pungency, aroma and color. The challenge was to propose, according to the data obtained, one or more revisited transformation processes to valorize the quality of the peppers. This PhD work initially consisted of studying the traditional transformation processes of the wild peppers implemented in Madagascar. Two distinct transformation processes have been identified: a "dry process" consisting of simple drying step and a "wet process" including blanching and steaming steps before drying. Then, experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in Reunion Island on Piper borbonense. Thus, the morphology, anatomy and biochemical composition of Reunion wild pepper were characterized. Finally, since the red color of wild pepper appear to be the most affected by the process, the mechanisms involved in color alteration were investigated. The Piper borbonense of Réunion Island can be distinguished from Piper nigrum according to its very low content of piperine (0.2% bs), its high content of essential oil (9.8% bs), the presence of a pedicel and only its ovoid shape. Piper borbonense can also be differentiated from Malagasy wild peppers, notably by its lower piperine content. The main volatile compounds found are limonene, α-phellandrene and asaricin, which together account for 50% of the total essential oil composition. Piper borbonense should be harvested at full maturity stage, bright red-colored, as this allows optimum mass yield. Blanching, sweating and drying steps have little impact on pungency and aroma but significantly degrade the color of the pepper. The chemical oxidation of polyphenols, which seems to be preponderant in the browning of the pepper, is difficult to control. Blanching has many advantages: it helps cleaning and decontaminating pepper, reduces drying time and limits enzymatic browning. The sweating step has to be banned because it degrades the color and increases the microbial risk. Drying, although negatively impacting the color, is essential to stabilize the pepper. As opposed to a universal process, a "dry way" (direct drying) and a "wet way" (integrating blanching and drying) are proposed. The choice to apply one or the other could be made according to the quality of the raw material on the one hand and to the context of production (economic, environmental and even social criteria) on the other hand.L’objectif de cette thèse était d’acquérir des connaissances nouvelles sur les caractéristiques des poivres sauvages malgaches (Tsiperifery) et réunionnais (Piper borbonense) et d’étudier l’impact des procédés de transformation sur leur qualité, évaluée à travers le piquant, l’arôme et la couleur. L’enjeu étant, grâce aux résultats obtenus, de pouvoir proposer un ou plusieurs procédés de transformation revisités permettant de valoriser la qualité de ces poivres. Ce travail de thèse a consisté dans un premier temps à étudier les procédés traditionnels de transformation du poivre sauvage mis en œuvre à Madagascar. Deux procédés de transformation distincts ont été identifiés: une « voie sèche » consistant en un simple séchage et une « voie humide » incluant blanchiment et étuvage avant séchage. Ensuite, des expérimentations ont été menées en conditions maîtrisées à la Réunion sur du poivre Piper borbonense. Ainsi, la morphologie, l’anatomie et la composition biochimique du poivre sauvage réunionnais ont été caractérisées. Enfin, dans la mesure où c’est la couleur, rouge, du poivre sauvage, qui est la plus affectée, les mécanismes impliqués dans l’altération de la couleur ont été analysés. Le Piper borbonense de la Réunion se distingue du Piper nigrum par sa très faible teneur en pipérine (0,2 % bs), sa forte teneur en huile essentielle (9,8 % bs), la présence d’un pédicelle solidaire du grain ainsi que par sa forme ovoïde. Il se différentie aussi des poivres sauvages malgaches, notamment par sa teneur en pipérine deux fois plus faible. Les composés d’arômes principaux mesurés sont le limonène, l’α-phellandrène et l’asaricin qui représentent à eux trois 50 % du total de l’huile essentielle. C’est à pleine maturité, lorsque le Piper borbonense est de couleur rouge vif, qu’il est préférable de le récolter pour maximiser le rendement massique. Le blanchiment, l’étuvage et le séchage ont peu d’impact sur le piquant et l’arôme mais dégradent significativement la couleur du poivre. Les oxydations chimiques des polyphénols qui semblent prépondérantes dans le brunissement du poivre s’avèrent délicates à contrôler. Le blanchiment présente de nombreux avantages : il nettoie et décontamine le poivre, augmente la vitesse du séchage et limite le brunissement enzymatique. L’étuvage est à bannir car il dégrade la couleur et augmente les risques microbiens. Le séchage par entrainement bien qu’il impacte négativement la couleur reste indispensable pour stabiliser le poivre. Plutôt qu’un procédé universel, une « voie sèche » (séchage direct) et une « voie humide » (intégrant blanchiment et séchage) sont proposées. Le choix d’en appliquer l’une ou l’autre est à raisonner par rapport à la qualité de la matière première d’une part et en fonction du contexte, c’est-à-dire selon des critères économiques, environnementaux voire même sociaux d’autre part
Interventions éducatives et santé : construire le dialogue entre le monde médical et les sciences humaines et sociales
No full textInternational audiencePrésentation :RecherchesInstruments et développement de concepts pragmatiques dans l’éducation thérapeutique du jeune patientCatherine Gouédard et Fanny BajolleLes implications affectives et professionnelles dans la relation famille-équipe de soinsPatricia Bessaoud-AlonsoCarrières de patients obèses et acquisition de compétencesEstelle GridaineRegard socio-anthropologique sur la formation des soignants à l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP)Caroline SimonpietriDe l’expertise professionnelle à l’accompagnement réflexif des formésBruno BastianiPerspectivesL’écologie des groupes professionnels. L’exemple idéal-typique du secteur sanitaireÉliane Rothier BautzerReprésentations de la maladie chronique chez les professionnels de santé : entre « représentations négatives » et réflexivité engagéeMarie-Sophie Cherillat, Fatima Brussol, Emmanuel Coudeyre, Frank Pizon, Pauline Berland et Laurent GerbaudIntérêts et limites de la production de récits fictifsau collège pour une éducation critique à la nano-santéNathalie Panissal et Christophe VieuVariaFace aux contraintes de l’organisation du travail en EHPAD, quel développement professionnel pour les aides-soignants en formation ?Thierry Piot et Joris ThievenazL’approche spatiale des jeux dangereux à l’école primaireMickaël Vigne et Thibaut Héber
Steroid Transport, Local Synthesis, and Signaling within the Brain Roles in Neurogenesis, Neuroprotection, and Sexual Behaviors
No full textInternational audienceSex steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol and exert pleiotropic effects notably in the central nervous system. Pioneering studies from Baulieu and colleagues have suggested that steroids are also locally-synthesized in the brain. Such steroids, called neurosteroids, can rapidly modulate neuronal excitability and functions, brain plasticity, and behavior. Accumulating data obtained on a wide variety of species demonstrate that neurosteroidogenesis is an evolutionary conserved feature across fish, birds, and mammals. In this review, we will first document neurosteroidogenesis and steroid signaling for estrogens, progestagens, and androgens in the brain of teleost fish, birds, and mammals. We will next consider the effects of sex steroids in homeostatic and regenerative neurogenesis, in neuroprotection, and in sexual behaviors. In a last part, we will discuss the transport of steroids and lipoproteins from the periphery within the brain (and vice-versa) and document their effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and on neuroprotection. We will emphasize the potential interaction between lipoproteins and sex steroids, addressing the beneficial effects of steroids and lipoproteins, particularly HDL-cholesterol, against the breakdown of the BBB reported to occur during brain ischemic stroke. We will consequently highlight the potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of sex steroid and lipoproteins, these latest improving cholesterol and steroid ester transport within the brain after insults
Coordinated profiling of stratospheric intrusions and transported pollution by the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) and NASA Alpha Jet experiment (AJAX): Observations and comparison to HYSPLIT, RAQMS, and FLEXPART
No full textInternational audienceGround-based lidars and ozonesondes belonging to the NASA-supported Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) are used in conjunction with the NASA Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) to investigate the transport of stratospheric ozone and entrained pollution into the lower troposphere above the United States on May 24–25, 2013. TOLNet and AJAX measurements made in California, Nevada, and Alabama are compared to tropospheric ozone retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), to back trajectories from the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, and to analyses from the NOAA/NESDIS Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) and FLEXPART particle dispersion model. The measurements and model analyses show much deeper descent of ozone-rich upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric air above the Desert Southwest than above the Southeast, and comparisons to surface measurements from regulatory monitors reporting to the U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) suggest that there was a much greater surface impact in the Southwest including exceedances of the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 0.075 ppm in both Southern California and Nevada. Our analysis demonstrates the potential benefits to be gained by supplementing the existing surface ozone network with coordinated upper air observations by TOLNet
Observer, manipuler, classer : un pari gagnant pour faire de la grammaire autrement
No full textL'étude de la langue doit permettre à l’élève de réfléchir sur le fonctionnement de la langue. La démarche qui favorise au mieux l’implication cognitive des élèves est l’approche inductive. Elle favorise une mise en activité réelle des élèves, lesquels deviennent acteurs de leur apprentissage grâce à l’observation, le tri, le classement et la manipulation sur des corpus de phrases élaborées soigneusement et intelligemment par le professeur
View on the Updating of Nouchi Lexicon and Expressions
No full textInternational audienceWe are interested in Nouchi (Côte d’Ivoire), and particularly in the updating process of its lexicon, and aim to shed light on the socialsignificance of the lexical innovation strategies. We want to show how the updating of Nouchi effectively participates in Ivorian social life, not only through songs but also through other communication channels or media
Gen*: a generic toolkit to generate spatially explicit synthetic populations
No full textInternational audienceAgent-based models tend to integrate more and more data that can deeply impact their outcomes. Among these data, the ones that deal with agent attributes and localization are particularly important, but are very difficult to collect. In order to tackle this issue, we propose a complete generic toolkit called Gen* dedicated to generating spatially explicit synthetic populations from global (census and GIS) data. This article focuses on the localization methods provided by Gen* that are based on regression, geometrical constraints and spatial distributions. The toolkit is applied for a case-study concerning the generation of the population of Rouen (France) and shows the capabilities of Gen* regarding population spatialization
How to improve urban and architectural quality in small peri-urban towns in the Ile de France through collective housing
No full textFrom global action against malaria to local issues: state of the art and perspectives of web platforms dealing with malaria information
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Since prehistory to present times and despite a rough combat against it, malaria remains a concern for human beings. While evolutions of science and technology through times allowed for some infectious diseases eradication in the 20th century, malaria resists.Objectives: This review aims at assessing how Internet and web technologies are used in fighting malaria. Precisely, how do malaria fighting actors profit from these developments, how do they deal with ensuing phenomena, such as the increase of data volume, and did these technologies bring new opportunities for fighting malaria?Methods: Eleven web platforms linked to spatio-temporal malaria information are reviewed, focusing on data, metadata, web services and categories of users.Results: Though the web platforms are highly heterogeneous the review reveals that the latest advances in web technologies are underused. Information are rarely updated dynamically, metadata catalogues are absent, web services are more and more used, but rarely standardized, and websites are mainly dedicated to scientific communities, essentially researchers.Conclusion: Improvement of systems interoperability, through standardization, is an opportunity to be seized in order to allow real time information exchange and online multisource data analysis. To facilitate multidisciplinary/multiscale studies, the web of linked data and the semantic web innovations can be used in order to formalize the different view points of actors involved in the combat against malaria. By doing so, new malaria fighting strategies could take place, to tackle the bottlenecks listed in the United Nation Millennium Development Goals reports, but also specific issues highlighted by the World Health Organization such as malaria elimination in international borders