Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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The mediating effects of professional and organizational commitment on the relationship between HRM practices and professional employees’ intention to stay
No full textInternational audiencePrevious literature on professional employees argues that the quality of their work depends on both their organizational and professional commitment. Combining a target similarity and a cognitive approach to HRM, this study examines the mediating effects of these two variables on the relationship between HRM practices and intention to stay. Using a sample of 265 professional auditors working for certified public accountancy firms, we find that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between information-sharing, fair rewards and intention to stay, while the effect of autonomy and recognition is successively mediated by professional commitment and organizational commitment. Training has a direct effect on intention to stay. The implications of these results for the development of an HRM model linking professional employees’ organizational and professional commitment, thereby providing the possibility of reconciling organizational efficiency and traditional professional ethics, are discussed
Design Science Research Strengthened: Integrating Co-creation and Co-design
No full textPart 2: Digital Platforms for DevelopmentInternational audienceDesign science research (DSR) is a well-known methodology that uses design as a tool for the development of both practical research resulting in an artefact solution, and theoretical scientific knowledge resulting in improved design processes. In this paper, we advocate strengthening the DSR methodology by including elements of co-creation and co-design in order to produce meaningfully contextualised solutions and to foster a stronger sense of ownership and social acceptance of a developed technological artefact solution within ICT4D. In our work, the inclusion of co-creation and co-design within DSR takes place in all of the stages of the design cycle, influencing also the relevance and rigour cycles as well as the impact of the artefact in the broader socio-technical context. Here we illustrate the practical implementation of these ideas through the involvement of women entrepreneurs from rural Tanzania in the development of a mobile application. This paper contributes to the body of research on the meaningful application of DSR processes to ICT4D
Investigating the dichotomous structure of the martian crust and the origin of felsic rocks
No full textInternational audienceThe dichotomy of Mars is a striking feature with a Northern hemisphere that appears younger and lower in elevation by ∼6km than the Southern hemisphere. The nature of the dichotomous martian crust is still enigmatic. The recent discovery of differentiated rocks, all in the South, suggests that the southern crust might contain a non-negligible portion of felsic rocks.A Monte-Carlo inversion using a parametrized thermal model for Mars with two different types of crusts, characteristic of each hemisphere, and fitting available constraints on present-day volcanism and elastic lithosphere thickness estimates, has led to the conclusion that the bulk crust of Mars is relatively enriched in radioelements (with an enrichment factor larger than ∼8 relatively to the primitive mantle) and that the southern crust is much thicker than that in the North (Thiriet et al, JGR, 2018). It is thus possible that felsic rocks found in the South derive from remelting of the lower part of this thick southern crust. Here, we evaluate the conditions that allow formelting of the lower southern crust in the Noachian.We then appraise how geophysical measurements from the InSight mission can help further constrain these crustal models. In particular through simulation of wave-propagation and comparison with observations, we detail how the detection of the Moho and potentially lithosphere-asthenosphere boundaries below the InSight landing site using receiver function methods could place constraints on the composition and structure of the crust
Investigating the seismic and geological structure of the martian crust at the dichotomy boundary
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Building Sustainable Collaborations and Academic Networks in Low Income Countries: Case of Master Programmes
No full textPart 4: Sustainable ICT, Informatics, Education and Learning in a Turbulent World - “Doing the Safari Way”International audienceDuring development of health information systems, local specialists were needed to take the local lead and train others. Through external funding, nine master programmes in health information systems were set up in developing countries in collaborations between a local university and the University of Oslo. While development efforts tend to fade out after initial project funds have been spent, keeping the programmes running was crucial for the upkeep also of the health information systems.Their planning, running with external funds and continuation has been analysed by means of a Collaborative Governance Model, which was made more specific through literature on higher education. The specifics concerned initial planning, where bringing in relevant stakeholders, include local knowledge, network globally and have an interdisciplinary approach to learning were confirmed. During the implementation with project funding, small wins kept the collaboration going, and face-to-face dialogues for common problem definition helped solving emerging issues. The outcome has been that all nine programmes continue running, and local, regional and international collaboration help keeping the academics flourishing. More than 500 master students have graduated
Chapitre 7 - Legal Challenge of the Socio-ecological Connection: The Paradigm of Coviability Defined by the Adequacy Between Social Usefulness and the Ecological Function.
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Assessment of the Effect of Light, HgCl2 and Organic Compound on Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli Cells Survive in Aquatic Microcosm
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to determine the cultivability of E. faecalis and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) under different light intensities in the presence of different concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl2) and biodegradable organic compound (BOC). Studied light intensities were 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 lux while studied HgCl2 concentrations were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1μg/L. The BOC used was glucose at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1mg/L and at pH 7. The BOC used was glucose at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1mg/L and at pH 7. The duration of incubation under light was 6 h. Results showed that E. faecalis and EPEC bacteria are inactivated by HgCl2 irrespective of studied concentration. The cells inhibition percentage (CIP) of E. faecalis varied from 94.46% to 99.53% at 0.001μg/L, from 94.77% to 99.55% at 0.01μg/L, from 94.92% to 99.57% at 0.1μg/L and from 96.97% to 99.77% at 1μg/L of HgCl2. For EPEC cells, the CIP fluctuated between 89.87% and 98.99%, between 90.67% and 99.14%, between 92.05% and 99.14% and 93.50% and 99.25% respectively in solutions containing 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1µg/L of HgCl2. The highest abundance was observed under 1500 lux for E. faecalis and 500 lux for EPEC. Exposure to light seemed to intensify the toxic action of HgCl2 in the medium. Cells metabolism reactivations under 2000 lux for E. faecalis and 1000 lux for EPEC were nevertheless observed. The level of this photo-reactivation varies from one organism species to another. The oligotrophic nature of the medium could not allow studied the microorganisms to set up specific protection mechanism against HgCl2 and light
Variabilité spatiale du stock de carbone de la biomasse aérienne de la zone urbaine vers la forêt tropicale dense dans cinq localités de la république du Congo
No full textInternational audienceDans le contexte mondial de réchauffement global les forêts du bassin du Congo ont un rôle majeur à jouer dans l’atténuation des changements climatiques. Une étude sur l’impact de la croissance urbaine sur le stock de carbone aérien a été conduite dans de la république du Congo. Cette étude se repose sur l’hypothèse de base suivante, les villes se sont développées sur des terres qui autrefois étaient entièrement forestière. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de quantifier le stock de carbone dans différents types d’occupation du sol partant de la zone urbaine à la zone de forêt dense. Pour atteindre les objectifs, dans chaque localité, des parcelles d’inventaires de 25 m x 25 m avaient été installées à l’intérieur des villes, les zones dégradées péri urbaines, ainsi que dans les zones où la forêt était stable en utilisant le logiciel 10,6. L’équation de Chave et al., 2014 a été appliqué pour estimer la biomasse aérienne des arbres. Cette étude a montré que la variabilité du stock de carbone est importante de la zone urbaine vers la forêt dense avec des écarts très importants entre les types d’occupation du sol. Le stock de carbone aérien dans toutes les localités d’étude varie de 0,1 tC.ha-1 à 5,75 tC.ha-1 dans les zones urbaines, de 20 à 76 tC.ha-1 dans les jeunes forêts secondaires ainsi que dans les forêts dégradées et de 80 tC.ha-1 à 430 tC.ha-1 dans les zones de forêts non perturbées. Plusieurs causes anthropiques expliquent cette importante perte de carbone de la forêt vers les zones urbaines : l’abattage des arbres pour des raisons d’agriculture, la collecte du bois énergie, du bois en vue de la construction, l’occupation de l’espace pour des raisons d’implantations d’habitations ont été identifiées pour expliquer la conversion des terres ainsi constatées. L’étude montre que l’implantation des villes et leur extension en pleine zone forestière à des impacts important sur le stock de carbone aérien
Le Tchad des lacs. Les zones humides sahéliennes au défi du changement global
No full textInternational audienceReconnues comme hauts lieux de biodiversité (hot spots), les zones humides africaines sont sources de nombreux services écosystémiques. Les sociétés y mènent des activités de subsistance (pêche, agriculture, élevage, chasse, cueillette) intégrées au fonctionnement des écosystèmes. De plus en plus sollicités tout en restant très vulnérables, ces territoires jouent désormais un rôle moteur dans les économies locales et régionales, en exportant une large diversité de produits vers les villes. Or en ce début du XXIe siècle, ils cumulent les défis de l’Anthropocène –changement climatique, croissance démographique, urbanisation, mondialisation des échanges – et ceux d’une crise profonde de gouvernance. Leur étude est donc devenue un enjeu scientifique et sociétal important. En proposant plusieurs angles de lecture, cet ouvrage collectif contribue à une meilleure connaissance des zones humides sahéliennes à partir de l’étude des lacs du Tchad. Il articule les résultats des recherches à différents pas de temps : le temps long (géologie, archéologie), le temps moyen des dernières décennies (hydrologie, histoire, écologie, géographie) et le temps court de l’année et des saisons (géographie, anthropologie).Etudiants, chercheurs, acteurs locaux et décideurs trouveront dans cet ouvrage un regard nouveau, pluridisciplinaire, sur ces socioécosystèmes lacustres. Il enrichit la vision des possibles pour les sociétés à venir et invite à un débat nécessaire sur la conception de politiques publiques intégrant les enjeux imbriqués de conservation, de préservation des services écosystémiques et de développement