Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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ÉDUCATION SOCIÉTALE ET RESPONSABLE : MYTHES ET RÉALITÉS EN MILIEU DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SECONDAIRE TECHNIQUE ET PROFESSIONNEL AU CAMEROUN
No full textInternational audienceJusqu’à un passé récent en Afrique, les problèmes macro économiques (croissance, développement, employabilité, etc…) étaient l’apanage seul des gouvernements. Mais on assiste de plus en plus à l’irruption des entreprises dans les problèmes liés au développement durable. Dans l’abondante littérature sur la thématique du DD, la question de l’éduction et de la professionnalisation de la fonction demeure peu étudiée. Nous proposons dans le cadre de cet article, un essai de contribution à l’enrichissement des échanges entre enseignants et apprenants en vue de promouvoir l’éducation au développement durable. Une étude exploratoire menée auprès des enseignants de lycées d’enseignements techniques et professionnels au Cameroun permet d’aboutir à la conclusion selon laquelle les techniques d’enseignement promeuvent significativement l’éducation au développement durable au sein des établissements d’enseignement secondaire techniques prospectés. Il est donc primordial que des politiques destinées à promouvoir l’éducation au développement durable soient mises sur pied
Healthcare utilization, provisioning of post-exposure prophylaxis, and estimation of human rabies burden in Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceIn Madagascar, dog-mediated rabies has been endemic for over a century, however there is little data on its incidence or impact. We collected data over a 16-month period on provisioning of post-exposure pro-phylaxis (PEP) at a focal clinic in the Moramanga District and determined the rabies status of biting animals using clinical and laboratory diagnosis. We find that animal rabies cases are widespread, and clinic-based triage and investigation are effective ways to increase detection of rabies exposures and to rule out non-cases. A high proportion of rabies-exposed persons from Moramanga sought (84%) and completed PEP (90% of those that initiated PEP), likely reflecting the access and free provisioning of PEP in the district. Current clinic vial sharing practices demonstrate the potential for intradermal administration of PEP in endemic African settings, reducing vaccine use by 50% in comparison to intramuscular administration. A high proportion of PEP demand was attributed to rabies cases, with approximately 20% of PEP administered to probable rabies exposures and an additional 20% to low-to-no risk contacts with confirmed/ probable animal or human cases. Using a simplified decision tree and our data on rabies exposure status and health-seeking behavior, we estimated an annual incidence of 42-110 rabies exposures and 1-3 deaths per 100,000 persons annually. Extrapolating to Madagascar, we estimate an annual burden of 282-745 human rabies deaths with current PEP provisioning averting 1499-3958 deaths each year. Data from other clinics and districts are needed to improve these estimates, particularly given that PEP availability is currently limited to only 31 clinics in the country. A combined strategy of mass dog vaccination , enhanced surveillance, and expanded access to PEP along with more judicious guidelines for administration could effectively reduce and eventually eliminate the burden of rabies in Madagascar
Statistics on some classes of knot shadows
No full text37 pages, 27 figures, 20 tablesThe present paper is concerned with the enumeration of the state diagrams for some classes of knot shadows endowed with the usual connected sum operation. We focus on shadows that are recursively generated by knot shadows with up to 3 crossings, and for which the enumeration problem is solved with the help of generating polynomials
Monarchies, plantes et rituels agraires dans l'Afrique des Grands Lacs est-africains (XVe-XIXe siècle)
No full textInternational audienceEntre le VIIe et XIIIe siècle de notre ère, la région interlacustre se caractérise par la poursuite du peuplement de la région et par la structuration du système clanique et des catégories « ethniques ». Dans cet espace se développèrent des modèles agro-pastoraux axés sur les cultures de céréales et l'élevage du gros bétail. Dans le même temps émerge et se développe un modèle d'organisation politique appelé « toparchie » qui donne naissance vers les XIVe et XVe siècles à un système monarchique et caractérise une multitude d'États-royaumes, certains d'entre eux puissants. L'État monarchique se diffuse, accompagné d'un modèle religieux spécifique, marqué par le culte de possession du kubandwa. L'objectif de cet article est de comprendre à la fois l'évolution de l'État monarchique et ses rapports avec le système agricole, dans ses aspects culturaux et rituels, y compris l'intégration des plantes asiatiques et américaines dans le calendrier agricole et le système alimentaire ancien
Efficient Data Collection and Tracking with Flying Drones
No full textInternational audienceData collection is an important mechanism for wireless sensor networks to be viable. This paper addresses the Aerial Data Collection Problem (ADCP) from a set of mobile wireless sensors located on the ground, using a fleet of flying devices. The objective is i) to deploy a set of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a 3D space to cover and collect data from all the mobile wireless sensors at each time step through a ground-to-air communication, ii) to send these data to a central base station using multi-hop wireless air-to-air communications through the network of UAVs, iii) while minimizing the total deployment cost (communication and deployment) over time. The Aerial Data Collection Problem (ADCP) is a complex time and space coverage, and connectivity problem. We first present a mixed-integer linear program solving ADCP optimally for small instances. Then, we develop a second model solved by column generation for larger instances, with optimal or heuristic pricing programs. Results show that our approach provides very accurate solutions minimizing the data collection cost. Moreover, only a very small number of columns are generated throughout the resolution process, showing the efficiency of our approach
Le développement professionnel des enseignants par la transmission explicite de pratiques
No full textInternational audienc
DAMAGE AND STRAIN LOCALIZATION AROUND A PRESSURIZED SHALLOW-LEVEL MAGMA RESERVOIR
No full textInternational audienceStructures developing above long‐term growing shallow‐level magma reservoirs, such as resurgent domes, may contain information on the reservoir itself. To understand the formation of such tectonic features, we have investigated the deformation process around a shallow pressurized magma reservoir embedded in a damaging elastic volcanic edifice. Our model allows evidencing the effect of the progressive damage in producing the fault pattern associated to tectonic surface deformation. Damage is first isotropic around the cavity and constitutes a damaged zone. Then the free‐surface effect appears and an anisotropic shear strain develops from the boundary of the damaged zone; it localizes on reverse faults that propagate upward to the surface. When the surface deformation is sufficient, normal faulting appears. Finally, the complete structure shows an undeformed wedge above the damaged zone. This structure is similar to those found by analogue modelling and from field geologic observations. From this model, we found a relation to estimate the reservoir radius and depth from the graben and dome widths. From limit analysis, we deduced an analytical expression of the magma reservoir pressure which provides a better understanding of the magma pressure build‐up during doming. The dip of reverse faults limiting the dome can be inferred from the minimal pressure required to rupture the crust around the reservoir. Finally, the magma reservoir overpressure, the dip of the faults, the reservoir depth and the damaged zone radius is inferred from three parameters: the ratio ρR computed from the dome and graben widths, the cohesion and the friction angle
Enseigner pour aider à apprendre les langues. Approches et concepts en didactique des langues, théories et mises en œuvre
No full textDisease Specific Bacterial Communities in a Coralline Algae of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: A Combined Culture Dependent and -Independent Approach
No full textInternational audienceCrustose coralline red algae (CCA) are important components of marine ecosystems thriving from tropical waters and up to the poles. They fulfill important ecological services including framework building and induction of larval settlement. Like other marine organisms, CCAs have not been spared by the increase in marine disease outbreaks. The white-band syndrome has been recently observed in corallines from the Mediterranean Sea indicating that the disease threat has extended from tropical to temperate waters. Here, we examined the microbiome and the pathobiome of healthy and diseased Neogoniolithon brassica-florida coralline algae in the Mediterranean Sea by combining culture-dependent and-independent approaches. The coralline white-band syndrome was associated with a distinct pathobiome compared to healthy tissues and showed similarities with the white-band syndrome described in the Caribbean Sea. A sequence related to the genus Hoeflea, order Rhizobiales, characterized the white-band disease pathobiome described by amplicon sequencing. No representative of this genus was isolated by culture. We, however, successfully isolated an abundant member of the healthy CCA microbiome, an Alphaproteobateria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. In conclusion, we did not identify a potential causative agent of the disease, but through the complementarity of culture dependent and independent approaches we characterized the healthy microbiome of the coralline and the possible opportunistic bacteria colonizing diseased tissues
La dimension normative de l'évaluation des savoir-être : étude de la conformité perçue par rapport salarié-idéal
No full textInternational audienceDo employees who deviate from employers’ standards when asked to give the best image of themselves perceive themselves as conforming to the ideal employee in terms of interpersonal skills ? Is this socionormative distance voluntary or is it due to a lack of normative foresight ? This article presents the results of a qualitative study conducted among 45 employees in continuing training divided into four groups according to the difference in their scores on the Q-ISAT questionnaire with the positioning of employers resulting from Pasquier’s work (2001a). The data collection then consisted of asking them to answer three open-ended questions in writing within a time limit of 20 minutes for each to explore their perceived compliance with the ideal employee. A content analysis was then carried out. The research system set up made it possible to identify the role played by two variables : “hetero-/autocentrism” opposing referencing to others or to oneself in the definition of the ideal employee, and “acceptance of the principle of adaptation”. The limitations and contributions of these results are then discussed.Les salariés qui s’éloignent des normes des employeurs lorsqu’on leur demande de donner la meilleure image d’eux-mêmes se perçoivent-ils conformes au salarié-idéal en matière de savoir-être ? Cette distance socionormative est-elle volontaire ou bien est-elle due à un manque de clairvoyance normative ? Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de 45 salariés en formation continue répartis en quatre groupes en fonction de l’écart de leurs scores au questionnaire Q-ISAT avec le positionnement des employeurs issu des travaux de Pasquier (2001a). La collecte des données a consisté ensuite à leur demander de répondre à trois questions ouvertes par écrit dans un temps limité à 20 minutes pour chacune afin d’explorer leur conformité perçue au salarié idéal. Il a ensuite été procédé à une analyse de contenu. Le dispositif de recherche mis en place a permis d’identifier le rôle joué par deux variables : « l’hétéro/autocentration » opposant un référencement à autrui ou à soi-même dans dans la définition du salarié idéal, et « l’acceptation du principe d’adaptation ». Les limites et les apports de ces résultats sont ensuite discuté