Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
Not a member yet
7559 research outputs found
Sort by
Trends and Opportunities for Traffic Engineering Paradigms Across Mobile Cellular Network Generations
No full textPart 4: Local Technical PapersInternational audienceTraffic engineering is at the heart of telecommunications engineering. In telecommunication engineering, we have recently experienced a revolution in the form of mobile cellular network generations. History shows a close relationship between the advancements in both telecommunications networks and their corresponding engineering methods. This survey employed qualitative document analysis to chronologically explore the evolution of, and interrelationships between traffic engineering and the mobile cellular networks from 1990s todate. It is evidently a case of the causality dilemma on which of the two influences the other. Nevertheless, we are currently at the right point in time to make giant leaps in both traffic engineering methods and network technology revolution. This study points out the opportunities that the current state of affairs avails to research in these fields
Integrating Electronic Medical Records Data into National Health Reporting System to Enhance Health Data Reporting and Use at the Facility Level
No full textPart 2: Digital Platforms for DevelopmentInternational audienceA well organized and coordinated health reporting system is critical for improved health system and health care services delivery. For a long time, the Tanzanian Government has been committed to support global efforts to improve the quality of health data for increased accountability and evidence-based decision-making by introducing electronic medical records (EMR) systems at facility level and computerize a national reporting system (district health information system (DHIS2)). It is also committed to ensure decision makers have access to high quality routine data from providers of services at health facilities to those responsible for running health programmes at the health ministry (MOHCDGEC, 2017). However, data collection and reporting at facility level is error prone and task demanding due to the manual processes of collecting, aggregating, and sharing data, as a result rarely data are used to monitor programmes and make decisions beyond individual patient care. With the introduction of electronic medical records system, the goal of the paper is to ensure decision-makers have access to high-quality health data that are generated at the facilities, and they value and routinely use the data for decision-making. In doing so, the paper envisages improved practices around data collection, reporting and use and institutionalization of data through integrations of EMR and DHIS2
Species delimitation in the genus Greenwayodendron based on morphological and genetic markers reveals new species
No full textInternational audienceCombining genetic and morphological markers is a powerful approach for species delimitation, much needed in tropical species complexes. Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) is a widespread genus of trees distributed from West to East African rainforests. Two species and four infra-specific taxa are currently recognized. However, preliminary genetic studies and morphological observations suggested the occurrence of additional species, undescribed to date. We tested species delimitation within Greenwayodendron by combining morphological and population genetics data. First, a visual inspection of about a thousand specimens suggested the existence of seven morphogroups: four of them occur in Central Africa and overlap in Gabon while three others are allopatric, occurring respectively in West Africa, East Africa, and the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Their morphological differentiation was confirmed by analysis of 27 morphological characters coded from 233 herbarium specimens. Second, after genotyping 800 samples at eight nuclear microsatellites, Bayesian clustering analyses (STRUCTURE) identified four genetic clusters corresponding to the well-sampled morphogroups but failed to separate the three remaining morphogroups represented by few samples. However, we show that this is an inherent limit of the STRUCTURE algorithm, whereas factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and pairwise FST and RST measures confirmed the genetic differentiation of all morphogroups. We considered that a clear genetic differentiation occurring between sympatric populations advocates for recognizing distinct species following the biological species concept. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomic treatment of Greenwayodendron underestimates the total number of species. We identified two new species and support separation at the rank of species of two varieties (G. suaveolens subsp. suaveolens var. gabonica, G. suaveolens subsp. suaveolens var. suaveolens) and one subspecies (G. suaveolens subsp. usambaricum). The taxonomic status of specimens collected in São Tomé and Príncipe remains inconclusive, partly due to the limited fertile material available. Our study highlights the strength of combining morphological and population genetics data for discovering new taxa. Guidelines for using genetic clustering approaches in species delimitation are provided
Investigating the Adoption of an Integrated Hospital Information System in Rural Uganda: A Case of Kisiizi Hospital
No full textPart 3: Southern-Driven Human-Computer InteractionInternational audienceElectronic Medical Records (EMRs) have been proposed to improve the quality of services in healthcare organisations. However, sometimes, the design contexts of these systems tend to be different from the use contexts. This and other factors have been reported to cause failures of EMR adoptions. By focusing on factors from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, we use interviews and questionnaire as data collection instruments to study the adoption of an EMR which was locally developed in rural Uganda; to generate lessons that would sustain the use of the EMR.We found out that all of the following factors, from the UTAUT model, significantly affected the usage of the system and, consequently, facilitated the adoption of the EMR at Kisiizi Hospital: expected improvement in job performance, the easiness with which the system can be learned and used, support and influence from management and peers, and the availability of organisational and technical infrastructures to support the use of the system. All of these were largely due to the fact that physicians from Kisiizi Hospital initiated and drove the system development and implementation processes, making sure that correct requirements were captured, and championing the use of the system by staff at the hospital. The in-context explanations for the findings are also provided
GIS-based approach to identify climatic zoning: A hierarchical clustering on principal component analysis
No full textInternational audienceIn tropical environments, the design of bioclimatic houses adapted to their environment is a crucial issue when considering comfort and limiting energy needs. A preliminary part of such design is an accurate knowledge of the climatic conditions in each region of the studied territory. The objective of this paper is to propose climatic zoning from a database of 47 meteorological stations in Madagascar by investigating hierarchical clustering on principal components. Then, theses results are combined with a spatial interpolation using a Geographic Information System approach. This step allows us to define three climatic zones corresponding to dry, humid and highland zones. These results make it possible to define standard meteorological files that are used to evaluate the thermal performance of traditional Malagasy houses. Regardless of the type of house and the areas considered, the percentage of comfort, according to Givoni bioclimatic chart, varies from an average value of 20 % to 70 % without ventilation and with an air velocity of 1 m/s, respectively. It can be concluded that Madagascar's traditional habitat has adapted over time to the constraints of its environment
Evaluation of remotely sensed rainfall products over Central Africa.
No full text24 pagesInternational audienceAn intercomparison of seven gridded rainfall products incorporating satellite data (ARC, CHIRPS, CMORPH, PERSIANN, TAPEER, TARCAT, TMPA) is carried out over Central Africa, by evaluating them against three observed datasets: (a) the WaTFor database, consisting of 293 (monthly records) and 154 (daily records) rain‐gauge stations collected from global datasets, national meteorological services and monitoring projects, (b) the WorldClim v2 gridded database, and (c) a set of stations expanded from the FAOCLIM network, these two latter sets describing climate normals. All products fairly well reproduce the mean rainfall regimes and the spatial patterns of mean annual rainfall, although with some discrepancies in the east–west gradient. A systematic positive bias is found in the CMORPH product. Despite its lower spatial resolution, TAPEER shows reasonable skills. When considering daily rainfall amounts, TMPA shows best skills, followed by CMORPH, but over the central part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, TARCAT is amongst the best products. Skills ranking is however different at the interannual time‐scale, with CHIRPS and TMPA performing best, though PERSIANN has comparable skills when only fully independent stations are used as reference. A preliminary study of Southern Hemisphere dry season variability, from the example of Kinshasa, shows that it is a difficult variable to capture with satellite‐based rainfall products. Users should still be careful when using any product in the most data‐sparse regions, especially for trend assessment
Homisland-IO : Homogeneous land use/land cover over the Small Islands of the Indian Ocean
No full textInternational audienceMany small islands are located in the southwestern Indian Ocean. These islands have their own environmental specificities and very fragmented landscapes. Generic land use products developed from low and medium resolution satellite images are not suitable for studying these small territories. This is why we have developed a land use/land cover product, called Homisland-IO, based on remote sensing processing on high spatial resolution satellite images acquired by SPOT 5 satellite between December 2012 and July 2014. This product has been produced using an object-based classification process. The overall accuracy of the product is 86%. Homisland-IO is freely accessible through a web portal and is thus available for future use
The buried caldera boundary of the Vesuvius 1631 eruption revealed by present-day soil CO2 concentration
No full textInternational audienceVolcanic risk at Vesuvius is one of the highest in the world due to the ~670,000 inhabitants living in the Red Zone, the area exposed to both pyroclastic flows and tephra fallout, to be evacuated before renewal of any eruptive activity. The national emergency plan for Vesuvius builds its risk zonation on a scenario similar to the last sub-Plinian eruption, which occurred in 1631. This study aims at providing new insights on the geometry of the caldera associated with this historical eruption. The impact of past Vesuvius eruptions on present-day soil CO2 concentration has been investigated by means of an extended geochemical survey carried out for identifying the circulation pathways of hydrothermal fluids inside the volcano. We performed 4018 soil CO2 concentration measurements over the whole Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, covering an area of 50 km2. Besides relatively low values, the results show a significant spatial CO2 concentration heterogeneity over Somma-Vesuvius ranging from the atmospheric value (~400 ppm) up to ~24,140 ppm. The summit of Vesuvius shows an area with anomalous CO2 concentrations well matching the crater rim of the 1906 eruption. Along the cone flanks, secondary CO2 anomalies highlight a roughly circular preferential pathway detected along 8 radial profiles at distances between ~840 m and ~1150 m from the bottom of the present-day crater resulting from the last eruption in 1944. In depth review of the available literature highlights an agreement between this circle-like shaped anomaly and the 1631 sub-Plinian eruption caldera boundary. Indeed, based on the historical chronicles the depression produced by the 1631 eruption had a diameter of 1686 m, whereas the CO2 circular anomaly indicates a diameter of 1956 m. Finally, the results were compared with a 3-D density model obtained from a recent gravity survey that corroborates both the literature and the CO2 data in terms of potential buried structure at the base of the Vesuvius cone
Un modèle épidémique dans un environnement qui oscille rapidement
No full textTexte intégré par la suite dans https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02279038On étudie un modèle épidémique non linéaire de type S-I-R dans l'approximation de champ moyen lorsque le taux de contact oscille rapidement de manière périodique. La taille finale de l'épidémie est proche de celle que l'on obtient en remplaçant le taux de contact par sa moyenne. Une approximation de la correction peut être calculée analytiquement lorsque la reproductivité de l'épidémie est proche de 1. La correction, qui peut être positive ou négative, est proportionnelle à la fois à la période des oscillations et à la fraction initiale de personnes infectées
