Journal of Next-Generation Research 5.0
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Hybridation entre programme de recherche technologique et paradigme du don pour interpréter la relation éducative
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Déclaration de Grenoble : la lutte contre les maladies non transmissibles, dont le diabète, une urgence sanitaire pour l’Afrique
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“Caribbean States of Emergency… In Short”
No full textIssue 97, Spring 2019International audienceReview of Jennifer Rahim's Curfew Chronicles and Lasana M Sekou's Book of the the Dea
Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in French Polynesian Wastewaters, Environmental Waters and Giant Clams
No full textInternational audienceLack of wastewater treatment efficiency causes receiving seawaters and bivalve molluscan shellfish to become contaminated, which can lead to public health issues. Six wastewater samples, five seawater samples and three batches of giant clams from Tahiti (French Polynesia) were investigated for the presence of enteric viruses, but also if present, for the diversity, infectivity and integrity of human adenoviruses (HAdV). Enteroviruses (EV), sapoviruses (SaV) and human polyomaviruses (HPyV) were detected in all wastewater samples. In decreasing frequency, noroviruses (NoV) GII and HAdV, rotaviruses (RoV), astroviruses (AsV), NoV GI and finally hepatitis E viruses (HEV) were also observed. Nine types of infectious HAdV were identified. HPyV and EV were found in 80% of seawater samples, NoV GII in 60%, HAdV and SaV in 40% and AsV and RoV in 20%. NoV GI and HEV were not detected in seawater. Intact and infectious HAdV-41 were detected in one of the two seawater samples that gave a positive qPCR result. Hepatitis A viruses were never detected in any water types. Analysis of transcriptomic data from giant clams revealed homologues of fucosyltransferases (FUT genes) involved in ligand biosynthesis that strongly bind to certain NoV strains, supporting the giant clams ability to bioaccumulate NoV. This was confirmed by the presence of NoV GII in one of the three batches of giant clams placed in a contaminated marine area. Overall, all sample types were positive for at least one type of virus, some of which were infectious and therefore likely to cause public health concerns
On the morphologies of oxides particles in optical fibers: Effect of the drawing tension and composition
No full textInternational audienceRare-earth-doped oxide nanoparticles in the core of silica optical fibers are becoming well studied as they yield enhanced and tailorable spectroscopic and optical properties. In this paper, the evolution of particle morphology , induced by the drawing step, is studied. Indeed, during the fiber draw process, the glass flows and particles can elongate and even break-up into smaller particles through Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities. The shape of elongated particles is related to the composition as it depends on the viscosity ratio between the particle and the matrix. Moreover, a lower drawing temperature enhances the break-up phenomenon. These observations offer new possibilities for the control of the size and the shape of particles, hence performance of active optical fibers
Negotiating the Marketization of Higher Education in East Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Tanzania and Kenya
No full textInternational audienceSince the 2000s, the literature on the ongoing higher education reforms in Africa has been increasing. The scientific discussion converges in an implicit and recurrent argument about the drivers of these policies. Given the involvement of international experts in the policy design, university reforms are often described as the output of the incentives of international stakeholders and the representatives of international organizations. The aim of this paper is to add a new variable to understand higher education reforms in East Africa, which has been neglected by scholars. In fact, the article sheds light on the determining role of domestic actors in the (re)negotiation of policy processes in Tanzania and Kenya, especially administrative and academic staff and students. Rather than evaluating the success or the failure of the reforms, this paper aims to highlight the power plays between a various set of domestic actors who reshape the outcomes of higher education policies. The paper crosses the experiences from the reform processes of the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and the University of Nairobi in Kenya
Detecting dynamic spatial correlation patterns with generalized wavelet coherence and non-stationary surrogate data
No full textInternational audienceTime series measured from real-world systems are generally noisy, complex and display statistical properties that evolve continuously over time. Here, we present a method that combines wavelet analysis and non-stationary surrogates to detect short-lived spatial coherent patterns from multivariate time-series. In contrast with standard methods, the surrogate data proposed here are realisations of a non-stationary stochastic process, preserving both the amplitude and time-frequency distributions of original data. We evaluate this framework on synthetic and real-world time series, and we show that it can provide useful insights into the time-resolved structure of spatially extended systems
développement d'un model adaptatif basé sur les équations de diffusion 2D
No full textThe prediction models do not generally take into account the spatiotemporal dynamics of mobile entities for which the prediction is made. This paper aims to show the impact of considering this constraint in a prediction model. The approach used is based on a mathematical equation of population dynamics, completed with the balance method based on particles diffusion, to obtain a diffusion equation form on which the model is based. The discretization is made using the finite volume method on homogeneous mesh. The resulting model is strongly linked to a probabilistic diffusion coefficient that highlights the random nature of the displacement of mobile entities within a closed environment. This approach is illustrated to the traditional SIR epidemiological model which is completed with the spatiotemporal constraints. RESUME :Les modèles de prédiction ne prennent généralement pas en compte la dynamique spatio-temporelle des entités mobiles pour lesquelles la prédiction est faite. Cet article a pour objectif de montrer l'impact de la prise en compte de cette contrainte dans un modèle de prédiction. L'approche utilisée est basée sur une équation mathématique de la dynamique des populations, complétée par la méthode de bilan basée sur la diffusion des particules, pour obtenir une forme d'équation de diffusion sur laquelle le modèle est basé. La discrétisation est réalisée selon la méthode des volumes finis sur un maillage homogène. Le modèle résultant est fortement lié à un coefficient de diffusion probabiliste qui met en évidence le caractère aléatoire du déplacement d'entités mobiles dans un environnement clos. Cette approche est illustrée par le modèle épidémiologique SIR traditionnel, complété par les contraintes spatio-temporelles
Carré sémiotique et autorité énonciative
No full textSemiotics knows two versions according to his corpus: literary semiotics is intended to the texts listed as such with a certain fluctuation according to the taste of the time. In addition, there are the semiotics of objects in the world when the corpus is other than literary such art objects. Our proposal in this work is to use the semiotic square defined as a logical process that allows converting a disjunction in conjunction to show that the sui-referentiality, who founded the pragmatics is organized in terms of logic narrative. We will deal with first, according this principle, the language, then, a minimalist body formed by a diptych of TOULET, so the famous poem "Vowels" of RIMBAUD. We would like to hold the three corpus for anthropological objects by this sui-referentiality, which we call here "enonciative authority".La sémiotique connaît deux versions en fonction de son corpus : la sémiotique littéraire a pour objet des textes répertoriés comme tels avec une certaine fluctuation selon le goût de l'époque ; et il y a la sémiotique des objets du monde quand le corpus est autre que littéraire tels les objets d'art. Notre proposition dans ce travail est de se servir du carré sémiotique défini comme un processus logique qui permet de convertir une disjonction en conjonction pour montrer que la sui-référentialité qui fonde la pragmatique s'organise en termes de logique narrative. Nous traiterons d'abord, selon ce principe, le langage, ensuite, un corpus minimaliste constitué par un diptyque de TOULET, afin le célèbre poème « Voyelles » de RIMBAUD. Nous tenons les trois corpus pour des objets anthropologiques par cette sui-référentialité que nous appelons ici « autorité énonciative »
Les racines dialectiques de la syllogistique aristotélicienne. Identité et quantification universelle
No full textLa syllogistique aristotélicienne, et plus généralement la théorie de l'inférence, trouve son fondement dans une heuristique dialogique et dialectique. La sémantique pragmatique d'une falsification d'un énoncé universel est précisée dans un jeu de rôle dialogique. De même, toute la théorie de l'inférence abstraite se fonde sur une supposition de deux agents idéaux dont l'un promeut la thèse à prouver tandis que l'autre joue le rôle de testeur de ladite thèse