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    38825 research outputs found

    Mean number and variance of the number of real zeros of a random trigonometric polynomial, 2002

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    Suppose that the real numbers a (k = 1,2,...,) are independent random variables, each of which is normally distributed with mean 0 and variance 1. We define the random trigonometric cosine polynomial/(x) so that J(x) = ai cos x + ci2 cos 2x +...+ a� cos nx. Let N be the number of zeros of/(x) in the real interval (0, 2n). Then N is itself a random variable. An explicit formula for the mean value of N can be found in the literature. An asymptotic expansion of this formula, valid for large values of n, has also been derived. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the variance of N. Farahmand has a result that implies a formula for the variance of N when n> 4. He has used his result to show that the variance 0{nm) for large n. This is the best result known at present. We will calculate numerical values for the variance of N when n is small, i.e., n = 1,2, and 3

    Reflections of the past: the case of Mozambican art, the Maconde and the Shetani, 2000

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    This thesis examines to what extent the shetani icon in Maconde Art has been elevated to the status of deity; and what powers it has been endowed with to transform the lives of its 'worshippers.' The investigation was based on the observation that, although not a recognized 'god' in the traditional Maconde form of worship, nor that of Mozambique, the shetani's appearance in Mozambican art was consistent and abundant. The investigative approach used was a comparative analysis of three internationally known Mozambican artists, two of which are Maconde. The researcher found that with all three artists, the shetani was an obvious element in their artistic renderings and in each instance, their individual lives, though not unique, were charged with suffering and unhappiness.The conclusion drawn from this investigation suggests that, although created by a Maconde for the purpose of patronage, the shetani icon has become a 'deity' not only for the Maconde, but for Mozambicans, as well. While not 'worshipped' in the sense that Westerners worship, it has been endowed with powers that transform the lives of those who identify with it. At the very least, it has been endowed with the power to promote their artistic abilities with a view to catalyzing greater creativity

    The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) on the incorporation of 14c-mann0se labeled acid mucopolysaccharides in the mesencephalon of chick embryos, 1978

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    A histochemical analysis of concentration changes in glycoproteins during early brain development (4-day to 8-day) in the White Leghorn chick embryo using Alcian blue and C-mannose was undertaken. Staining with Alcian blue showed that acid mucopolysaccharides are components of cerebrospinal fluid and that as development continues, there is an increase in the amount of these glycoproteins present. C-mannose injected into the air sac and later visible in the mesocoel proved that this label fulfills the requirements as a radioactive marker for embryonic chick brain glycoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid. The effects of DMSO and physiological saline on glycoproteins concentration were also examined. Injections of physiological saline and 50% DMSO made into the air sac of 3-day embryos and studied for periods of 24 hr (4-days old) to 102 hr (8-days old), afterwards exhibited lesser intensity of stain within the mesocoel when compared to the normals. The stain intensity of the DMSO-treated embryos was less than that of the saline-treated rmbryos, thereby indicating a decrese in acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis. Electrolyte imbalances imposed by the physiological saline were proposed to affect acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis in one of two methods: (1) the presence of physiological saline caused the inhibition of synthesis of some mucopolysaccharides and the enhancement of synthesis of another glycoprotein, or (2) the saline caused a modification of acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis, thereby rendering them neutral. By day 8 the saline begins to effect the other glycoproteins as well, resulting in an overall decrease in glycoprotein synthesis. The decrease in intensity of Alcian blue in DMSO-treated embryos appeared to be due to inhibition of monosaccharide penetrance through the cell by DMSO. It was proposed that the DMSO caused a modification of the sterioisomerism of lipid and carbohydrate moieties of the cell membrane

    A symbol table for an ADA compiler, 1983

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    A Xanthine Oxidase Free Radical Generating System Alters Double Stranded DNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells In Vitro, 1986

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    The stability of double-stranded DNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells was studied in order to determine the effects of free radicals on DNA strand scission in vitro. Cells were exposed for 30 minutes to oxyradicals generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems at pH 7.4 and 37�C in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Stability of double-stranded DNA was gauged by using the assay system of Birnboim and Jevcak (1981) modified to give maximum sensitivity for the CHO cell system. Xanthine oxidase used was initially purified by gel -filtration to remove contaminating proteases and subsequently standardized by the activity measurement of Hart, et_ al_., (1970). The effect of rate of radical generation on DNA stability was studied in systems containing a final concentration of xanthine of 4.20 mM and xanthine oxidase at 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 units/ml. The controls (treated with PBS only) gave a mean double-stranded DNA recovery of 74.26% _+ 2.09 (1SD). Increasing rates of radical generation caused by increasing concentrations of xanthine oxidase were associated with decreasing recoveries of double stranded DNA. All experimental groups (xanthine-xanthine oxidase) were significantly different from the buffer control at p value <0.001. In the presence of the antioxidants dimethylthiourea and mannitol the level of recoverable double-stranded DNA was increased above that attained when the CHO cells were exposed to the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system only. The radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase had similar effects on the recovery of double stranded DNA. The results of this study indicate that free radicals induced in vitro by enzyme-substrate interaction reduce the percentage of recoverable double stranded DNA. Increasing rates of radical generation does not raise the amount of scission of DNA after a certain point, since increased radical production leads to a constant level of DNA damage at certain points instead of a continued rise

    Economic and social effects of short term item measures to reduce motor fuel consumption, 1985

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    Consumption of imported petroleum increased considerably since 1955, leaving the nation vulnerable to external events. The United States has steadily imported increased amounts of petroleum in 1955. Only 1.2 percent of all petroleum used in the United States was imported in contrast to forty-five percent (8.4 million barrels) imported in 1979. In 1982, of the total U. S. petroleum consumed, all transportation modes used sixty- one percent, and eighty-four percent of the petroleum used by transpor�tation was attributed to the highway mode. In order to conserve energy, particularly energy consumed by transportation, the Federal Highway Administration encouraged the conservation of motor fuel through measures in six program areas. These major program areas include six immediately implementable items: ridesharing; high-occupancy vehicle incentives; fifty-five-MPH speed limit compliance; construction and maintenance; and traffic flow improvements. This thesis is to examine the effects of these programs on the economy, individuals, communities, and industries.To do this, the writer relys on the lessons learned from the energy crisis of the 1970's. The energy crises of the 1970's will be examined to gain insight into the likely social and economic effects of the 1980 energy conservation measures. The methodology will include a review of published reports and a subjective evaluation of available information. This study will suggest which programs have the most potential to conserve energy, and which programs will benefit the individual or larger elements, such as community and economy. Also, this study will observe any limitations of these programs and any diverse effects on numerous components of society, and how the adverse changes in communities and the economy can be minimized

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