NIST Digital Archives
Not a member yet
149436 research outputs found
Sort by
ASME B89.4.19 Performance Evaluation Tests and Geometric Misalignments in Laser Trackers
No full textSmall and unintended offsets, tilts, and eccentricity of the mechanical and optical components in laser trackers introduce systematic errors in the measured spherical coordinates (angles and range readings) and possibly in the calculated lengths of reference artifacts. It is desirable that the tests described in the ASME B89.4.19 Standard [1] be sensitive to these geometric misalignments so that any resulting systematic errors are identified during performance evaluation. In this paper, we present some analysis, using error models and numerical simulation, of the sensitivity of the length measurement system tests and two-face system tests in the B89.4.19 Standard to misalignments in laser trackers. We highlight key attributes of the testing strategy adopted in the Standard and propose new length measurement system tests that demonstrate improved sensitivity to some misalignments. Experimental results with a tracker that is not properly error corrected for the effects of the misalignments validate claims regarding the proposed new length tests
James S. Albus
No full textJAMES S. ALBUS
Inducted: 2009
Citation:
For development of a theory of intelligent systems based on functional models of the brain and for applying this theory to problems in robotics, automaton, construction, and vehicle control.
Tenure: 1973-2008
Birth: 1935, Louisville, Kentucky
Death: 2011
Education:
Wheaton College, Illinois, BS (Physics), 1957
Ohio State University, MS (Electrical Engineering), 1958
University of Maryland, PhD (Electrical Engineering), 1972
Positions held:
Project Manager, Sensors and Computer Control Technology, 1973-1980
Leader, Programmable Automation Group, 1980-1981
Chief, Robot Systems Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, 1981-1996
Chief, Intelligent Systems Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, 1995-1998
Senior NIST Fellow for the Intelligent Systems Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, 1998-2008
Honors:
Industrial Research IR-100 Award (1976)
U.S. Department of Commerce Senior Executive Service (1983)
Engelberger Award (by King of Sweden) (l984)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1975), Gold Medal (1986)
NIST Applied Research Award (2006, 2002, and 1989)
Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive Award (1990)
Japanese Industrial Robot Association R & D Award (1990)
Construction Equipment magazine 100 most significant new products for RoboCrane (1992)
Fortune Magazine "Hero of U.S. Manufacturing" (1997)
Memberships:
Editorial Board Member: John Wiley & Sons; Kluwer Academic Publishers; Elsevier; World Scientific Publishing; AutoSoft Press
Member of IEEE Ad hoc committee on Intelligent Control
Publications:
More than 180 publications and seven patents including:
Albus, James, S., and Meystel, A. M. Engineering of Mind: An Introduction to the Science of Intelligent Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Wiley Series on Intelligent Systems, New York (2001)
Albus, James, S., "Outline for a Theory of Intelligence," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 21, No. 3 (May/June 1991)
Albus, James, S., Brains, Behavior and Robotics, BYTE/McGraw-Hill, New York (1981)
Albus, James, S., "A New Approach to Manipulator Control: The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC)," Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, American Soc. of Mechanical Engineers (September 1975)
Albus, James, S., "A Theory of Cerebellar Function," Mathematical Biosciences, l0:25-6l (197l)
Patent, Modular Suspended Manipulator (December 2000)
Patent, Construction of Large Structures by Robotic Crane Placement of Modular Bridge Sections (April 1996
(Audio) Oral history interview of Richard Fields, June 29, 2009 / with Sam Lowe, Jack Rush, Jack Coriell, David Lide, and Hans Oser.
No full textOral history interview of Dr. Richard Fields, formerly with the Metallurgy Division in the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL), National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Dr. Fields first joined NBS as a post doctoral fellow
First-Principles Calculation of the Third Virial Coefficient of Helium
No full textKnowledge of the pair and three-body potential-energy surfaces of helium is now sufficient to allow calculation of the third density virial coefficient, C(T), with significantly smaller uncertainty than that of existing experimental data. In this work, we employ the best available pair and three-body potentials for helium and calculate C(T) with path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations supplemented by semiclassical calculations. The values of C(T) presented extend from 24.5561 K to 10 000 K. In the important metrological range of temperatures near 273.16 K, our uncertainties are smaller than the best experimental results by approximately an order of magnitude, and the reduction in uncertainty at other temperatures is at least as great. For convenience in calculation of C(T) and its derivatives, a simple correlating equation is presented
Richard J. Fields
No full textRichard J. Fields
Inducted: 2009
Citation: For development and leadership of metallurgical programs that greatly reduced costs and enhanced safety and reliability of US critical infrastructure, affecting nuclear reactors, aircraft, and fire-sensitive structures.
Tenure: 1977-2004
Birth: 1947, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Education:
University of Pennsylvania, BA (Chemistry), BS (Metallurgy, and Materials Science), 1971
Harvard University, MS (Applied Physics), 1973
Cambridge University, PhD (Engineering), 1978
Positions held:
Physicist, NRC Post Doc, Applied Mathematics Division, 1977-1982
Group Leader, Time Dependent Fracture and Deformation Group, Fracture and Deformation Division, Center for Materials Science, 1982-1988
Metallurgist, Materials Performance Group, Metallurgy Division, MSEL, 1989-1999
Group Leader, Materials Performance Group, Metallurgy Division, MSEL, 1999-2002
Metallurgist Metallurgy Division, MSEL, 2003-2004
Honors:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Silver Medal (2003)
NIST Jacob Rabinow Award (2004)
NIST Allen V. Astin Award, (2004)
Memberships:
ASTM Committees E04 (Metallography), E24 (Fracture Testing of Metals), and E28 (Mechanical Testing)
Department of Transportation Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Committee (1987-1993)
Aluminum Association Task Group on Commercialization of Al Matrix Composites (1991-1994)
American Academy of Mechanics
Publications:
More than 70 publications and 2 patents No. 5,136,497 (1992) and 5,202,837 (1993) including:
Fields, R. and Smith, J., “Mechanical Testing in the 80’s,” Metals Progress 118, p. 38 (1980)
Fields, R. and Weerasooriya, T., “Elevated-Temperature Failures,” ASM Metals Handbook, Desk Edition (1984)
Fields, R. and deWit, R., “Plastic Zone Formation around an Arresting Crack,” Int. J. of Fracture 42, p 231 (1990)
deWit, R., Fields, R., and Irwin, G.R., “Use of Thickness Reduction to Estimate Fracture Toughness”, ASTM STP 1171, p. 361 (1993
H. Steffen Peiser
No full textH. STEFFEN PEISER
Inducted: 2009
Citation:
For advancing our understanding of crystallization phenomena, contributing to the precise measurement of atomic weights, advising the international project to re-determine the Avogadro constant using a near-perfect single crystal of silicon, and promoting a world-wide program of international standards and metrological cooperation.
Tenure: 1957-1979
Birth: 1917, Grunewald, Germany
Death: 2005
Education:
St. John’s College, Cambridge, BA (Chemistry and Physics), 1939
St. John’s College, Cambridge, MA (Chemistry and Physics), 1943
Positions held:
Chief, Mass and Scale Section, Mechanics (6), 1958-1961
Chief, Crystal Chemistry Section, Institute for Materials Research, 1962-1968
Chief, Office of International Relations, Office of the Director, 1970-1979
Honors:
US Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1965)
Republic of Korea National Medal of Honor
Memberships:
“IUPAC-ICAW” International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry - International Atomic Weights Commission
American Association for Crystal Growth
Sigma Xi
American Research Society
American Physical Society
American Philosophical Society
The Cosmos Club
American Chemical Society
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Publications:
More than 170 publications including:
Peiser, H.S., “Metrology, The Science and Philosophy,” The Philosophical Society of Washington (1997)
De Laeter, J.R., Böhlke, J.K., De Bièvre, P., Hidaka, H., Peiser, H.S., Rosman, K.J.R., and Taylor, P.D.P.,
“Atomic Weights of the Elements. Review 2000,” Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.75, No. 6, pp. 683-800 (2003)
De Bièvre, P., and Peiser, H.S., “The Reliability of Values of Molar Mass, the Factor that Relates Measurements Expressed in Two SI Base Units (mass and amount of substance),” Metrologia 34, 49-59 (1997)
Peiser, H.S., “Towards Near Perfect Crystals With Only Well-Characterized Imperfections,” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, v106, n6, Nov.-Dec. 2001, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 1135-1139 (2001)
De Bièvre, P., Lenaers, G., Murphy, T.J., Peiser, H.S., and Valkiers, S., “The Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Specimens for Absolute Measurements of the Molar Mass of an Element Exemplified by Silicon, for Redeterminations of the Avogadro Constant,” Metrologia 32, 103-110 (1995)
De Bièvre, P. and Peiser, H.S., “Basic Equations and Uncertainties in Isotope-dilution Mass Spectrometry for Traceability to SI of Values Obtained by this Primary Method,” Fresenius J Anal Chem 359: 523–525 (1997
Comparison of the NIST and PTB Air-Kerma Standards for Low-Energy X-Rays
No full textA comparison has been made of the air-kerma standards for low-energy x rays at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The comparison involved a series of measurements at the PTB and the NIST using the air-kerma standards and two NIST reference-class transfer ionization chamber standards. Results are presented for the reference radiation beam qualities in the range from 25 kV to 50 kV for low energy x rays, including the techniques used for mammography dose traceability. The tungsten generated reference radiation qualities, between 25 kV and 50 kV used for this comparison, are new to NIST; therefore this comparison will serve as the preliminary comparison for NIST and a verification of the primary standard correction factors. The mammography comparison will repeat two previously unpublished comparisons between PTB and NIST. The results show the standards to be in reasonable agreement within the standard uncertainty of the comparison of about 0.4 %
Priorities for Standards and Measurements to Accelerate Innovations in Nano-Electrotechnologies: Analysis of the NIST-Energetics-IEC TC 113 Survey
No full textIn 2008, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Energetics Incorporated collaborated with the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 113 (IEC TC 113) on nano-electrotechnologies to survey members of the international nanotechnologies community about priorities for standards and measurements to accelerate innovations in nano-electrotechnologies. In this paper, we analyze the 459 survey responses from 45 countries as one means to begin building a consensus on a framework leading to nano-electrotechnologies standards development by standards organizations and national measurement institutes. The distributions of priority rankings from all 459 respondents are such that there are perceived distinctions with statistical confidence between the relative international priorities for the several items ranked in each of the following five Survey category types: 1) Nano-electrotechnology Properties, 2) Nano-electrotechnology Taxonomy: Products, 3) Nano-electrotechnology Taxonomy: Cross-Cutting Technologies, 4) IEC General Discipline Areas, and 5) Stages of the Linear Economic Model. The global consensus prioritizations for ranked items in the above five category types suggest that the IEC TC 113 should focus initially on standards and measurements for electronic and electrical properties of sensors and fabrication tools that support performance assessments of nano-technology enabled sub-assemblies used in energy, medical, and computer products
Design of the DEMO Fusion Reactor Following ITER
No full textRuns of the NSTAB nonlinear stability code show there are many threedimensional (3D) solutions of the advanced tokamak problem subject to axially symmetric boundary conditions. These numerical simulations based on mathematical equations in conservation form predict that the ITER international tokamak project will encounter persistent disruptions and edge localized mode (ELMS) crashes. Test particle runs of the TRAN transport code suggest that for quasineutrality to prevail in tokamaks a certain minimum level of 3D asymmetry of the magnetic spectrum is required which is comparable to that found in quasiaxially symmetric (QAS) stellarators. The computational theory suggests that a QAS stellarator with two field periods and proportions like those of ITER is a good candidate for a fusion reactor. For a demonstration reactor (DEMO) we seek an experiment that combines the best features of ITER, with a system of QAS coils providing external rotational transform, which is a measure of the poloidal field. We have discovered a configuration with unusually good quasisymmetry that is ideal for this task
Keith Eberhardt
No full textKeith Eberhardt
Inducted: 2009
Citation: For advancing the statistical certification process for SRMs in analytical chemistry and for major contributions to the successful execution of many highly consequential projects.
Tenure: 1978-2000
Birth: 1947, Los Angeles, California
Education:
Case Western Reserve University, BS (Mathematics), 1969
The Johns Hopkins University, PhD (Statistics), 1975
Positions held:
NRC/NBS Postdoctoral Research Associate, Statistical Engineering Division, Center for Applied Mathematics, 1978-1979
Mathematical Statistician, Statistical Engineering Division, ITL, 1979-1997
Program Analyst, Office of the Director, 1991-1992
Acting Division Chief, Statistical Engineering Division, ITL, 1997-2000
Honors:
American Statistical Association Youden Award (1991)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1992)
Fellow, American Statistical Association (1995)
Simon H. Ingberg Award, presented by ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards (2002)
Memberships:
American Statistical Association
Editorial Review Board, Journal of Quality Technology (1983-85 and 1992-94)
Chair, Mary G. and Joseph Natrella Scholarship Committee of American Statistical Association (2002-2009)
Publications:
More than 40 publications including:
Velapoldi, Rance, A., White, Patricia, A. and May, Wille, E., and Eberhardt, Keith, ‘Spectrofluorimetric Determinations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Effluents from Generator Columns,’ Analytical Chemistry, 1896-1901 (1983)
Leifer, Robert, Juzdan, Z. Russell, Kelly, W.R., Fassett, J.D., and Eberhardt, Keith, ‘Detection of Uranium from Cosmos-1402 in Stratosphere,’ Science, 238, 512-514 (1987)
Mee, Robert W., Eberhardt, Keith, and Reeve, Charles, P., ‘Calibration and Simultaneous Tolerance Intervals for Regression,’ Technometrics, 33, (2), 211-220 (1991)
Schiller, Susannah and Eberhardt, Keith, ‘Combining Data from Independent Analysis Methods’ Spectrochimica, ACTA 46 (12) (1991)
Eberhardt, Keith and Mee, R.W., ‘A Comparison of Uncertainty Criteria for Calibration,’ Technometrics, 38 (3), 221-229 (1996)
Eberhardt, Keith, Levenson, Mark, and Gann, Richard, ‘Fabrics for Testing the Ignition Propensity of Cigarettes,’ Fire and Materials, 21, 259-264 (1997