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Elaine Bunten-Mines
No full textELAINE BUNTEN-MINES
Inducted: 2010
Citation:
For major contributions to planning, policy analyses, and program development, which improved NIST’s management capabilities, integration with the broader S&T policy community, and overall performance of the NIST mission.
Tenure: 1968-1997
Birth: 1944, Charleston, West Virginia
Education:
West Virginia University; BA (Psychology), 1966
West Virginia University; MA (Psychology), 1968
Positions held:
Research Psychologist, Technical Analysis Division, Institute for Applied Technology; 1968-1975
Policy Analyst (Program Office, Office of Cooperative Technology, Planning Office), 1975-1981
Senior Social Analyst, Program Office, 1981-1991
Director, Program Office, 1991-1997
Honors:
U.D. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1992)
U.S. Commerce Science and Technology Fellowship (1983)
NIST Women’s Year Award (1976)
Memberships:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Impact:
Ms. Bunten-Mines showed exceptional leadership in conducting program, economic, and policy analyses in support of NBS/NIST budget justifications, Congressional testimony, and presentations for a variety of audiences at all levels of government and the private sector. She was instrumental in developing comprehensive strategic plans for NIST that addressed competitiveness and technology issues of national interest. These efforts included two of the most significant formal long-range plans in the history of NBS/NIST that were used extensively in explaining NBS to government and industrial stakeholders. She promoted the development and use of economic models that rationalize NIST’s roles and impacts for presentations to stakeholders in industry, academia, and all levels of government. She displayed superior leadership skills in defining a new and comprehensive program in cooperative technology with U.S. industry and in managing the successful relationships with the external NBS/NIST Visiting Committee and the Academies’ Assessment Panels. Her extraordinary teamwork and analytical skills contributed to the effective transition of NBS to NIST. Years later, recognizing that NIST would be forced to respond to dramatic shifts in technology policies, Ms. Bunten-Mines had the foresight to provide the Department of Commerce, the White House, and Congressional staff with essential rationales that made NIST the focal point of the Clinton Administration’s civilian S&T policy. Her extraordinary legacy also includes training and mentoring of approximately 50 technical staff who served in the Program Office; many developed into senior NIST leadership roles including four OU directors and three deputy OU directors
MEMS Young's modulus and step height measurements with round robin results
No full textThis paper presents the results of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Young's modulus and step height round robin experiment, completed in April 2009, which compares Young's modulus and step height measurement results at a number of laboratories. The purpose of the round robin was to provide data for the precision and bias statements of two \ related Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard test methods for MEMS. The technical basis for the test methods on Young's modulus and step height measurements are also provided in this paper. Using the same test method, the goal of the round robin was to assess the repeatability of measurements at one laboratory, by the same operator, with the same equipment, in the shortest practical period of time as well as the reproducibility of measurements with independent data sets from unique combinations of measurement setups and researchers. Both the repeatability and reproducibility measurements were done on random test structures made of the same homogeneous material. The average repeatability Young's modulus value (as obtained from resonating oxide cantilevers) was 64.2 GPa with 95 % limits of +/- 10.3 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 3.1 GPa. The average reproducibility Young's modulus value was 62.8 GPa with 95 % limits of +/- 11.0 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 3.0 GPa. The average repeatability step height value (for a metal2-over-poly1 step from active area to field oxide) was 0.477 mu m with 95 % limits of 7.9 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 0.014 mu m. The average reproducibility step height value was 0.481 mu m with 95 % limits of +/- 6.2 % and an average combined standard uncertainty value of 0.014 mu m. In summary, this paper demonstrates that a reliable methodology can be used to measure Young's modulus and step height. Furthermore, a micro and nano technology (MNT) 5-in-1 standard reference material (SRM) can be used by industry to compare their in-house measurements using this methodology with NIST measurements thereby validating their use of the documentary standards
Improving interoperability by incorporating UnitsML into markup languages
No full textMaintaining the integrity of analytical data over time is a challenge. Years ago, data were recorded on paper that was pasted directly into a laboratory notebook. The digital age has made maintaining the integrity of data harder. Nowadays, digitized analytical data are often separated from information about how the sample was collected and prepared for analysis and how the data were acquired. The data are stored on digital media, while the related information about the data may be written in a paper notebook or stored separately in other digital files. Sometimes the connection between this scientific meta-data and the analytical data is lost, rendering the spectrum or chromatogram useless. We have been working with ASTM Subcommittee E13.15 on Analytical Data to create the Analytical Information Markup Language or AnIMLa new way to interchange and store spectroscopy and chromatography data based on XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML is a language for describing what data are by enclosing them in computer-useable tags. Recording the units associated with the analytical data and metadata is an essential issue for any data representation scheme that must be addressed by all domainspecific markup languages. As scientific markup languages proliferate, it is very desirable to have a single scheme for handling units to facilitate moving information between different data domains. At NIST, we have been developing a general markup language just for units that we call UnitsML. This presentation will describe how UnitsML is used and how it is being incorporated into AnIML
Improved contact x-ray microradiographic method to measure mineral density of hard dental tissues
No full textContact x-ray microradiography is the current gold standard for measuring mineral densities of partially demineralized tooth specimens. The x-ray sensitive film specified in the last J Res NIST publication on the subject is no longer commercially available. Objectives: Develop a new microradiographic method by identifying a commercially available film with greater than 3000 lines per millimeter resolution, which is sensitive to x rays, and develop correct film processing for x-ray microradiographic application. Methods: A holographic film was identified as a potential replacement film. Proper exposure was determined utilizing a thick nickel plate to create test-strips. Film development was bracketed around manufacturer suggestions. Film linearity was determined with aluminum step-wedges. Microradiographs of 100 m thick tooth sections, before and after acidic challenges, were a final test for film. Magnified images were captured with a digital microscope camera with 0.305 micrometers per pixel resolution. Results: The appropriate film exposure was 30 min at 80 kVp and 3 mA with a development time of 2 min. Step-wedge experiments show the system to be linear in terms of pixel intensities with respect to x-ray attenuation for normalized pixel intensity values that are 10 % to 90 % of full scale (r 2 = 0.997) which encompasses the full exposure region of tooth tissue. Enamel sections were analyzed and show distinctive differences between erosion and demineralization. The image capture device resolution of 0.305 micrometers per pixel limits the system resolution. Conclusion: Use of the identified holographic film when combined with the described processing modifications has resulted in an improved x-ray microradiographic method for the measurement of mineral density of dental hard tissues. The method described can be further improved by using a higher resolution digitization system. The method is appropriate for quantitatively measuring changes in mineral density and erosion. Supported by R01DE14707, NIST, and ADAF
Polyelectrolyte multilayer-treated electrodes for real-time electronic sensing of cell proliferation
No full textWe report on the use of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings as a nonbiological surface preparation to facilitate uniform cell attachment and growth on patterned thin-film gold (Au) electrodes on glass for impedance-based measurements. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are commonly utilized as cell adhesion promoters for electrodes; however, they exhibit degradation over time, thereby imposing limitations on the duration of conductance-based biosensor experiments. The motivation for the use of PEM coatings arises from their long-term surface stability as promoters for cell attachment, patterning, and culture. In this work, a cell proliferation monitoring device was fabricated. It consisted of thin-film Au electrodes deposited with a titanium-tungsten (TiW) adhesion layer that were patterned on a glass substrate and passivated to create active electrode areas. The electrode surfaces were then treated with a poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) anchoring layer and subsequent bilayers of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured on the device, observed by optical microscopy, and showed uniform growth characteristics similar to those observed on a traditional polystyrene cell culture dish. The optical observations were correlated to electrical measurements on the PEM-treated electrodes, which exhibited a rise in impedance with cell proliferation and stabilized to an approximate 15 % increase as the culture approached confluency. In conclusion, cells proliferate uniformly over gold and glass PEM-treated surfaces, making them useful for continuous impedance-based, real-time monitoring of cell proliferation and for the determination of cell growth rate in cellular assays
Close up of a model of the collapsed Point Pleasant Bridge (Silver Bridge) over the Ohio River
No full textA close up of a portion of the model of the Point Place Bridge (Silver Bridge) that collapsed into the Ohio River on Dec. 15, 1967. The bridge connected Point Pleasant, West Virginia, and Gallipolis, Ohio. This model is part of a display in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Museum in Gaithersburg, MD. The National Bureau of Standards was part of the investigation into the cause of the bridge collapse
Adhesive Bonding to Dentin Improved by Polymerizable Cyclodextrin Derivatives
No full textThe objective of this work was to determine bonding characteristics of a hydrophilic monomer formulation containing polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives. The hypothesis was that a formulation containing hydrophilic cross-linking diluent comonomers and cyclodextrins with functional groups attached by hydrolytically stable ether linkages could form strong adhesive bonds to dentin. The previously synthesized polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives were formulated with sorbitol dimethacrylate, methacrylic acid and phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide photoinitiator. The same formulation without the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives isolated the effects of the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives. A commercial self-etching bonding system was tested as a comparative control. Ground mid-coronal dentin was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 15 s and rinsed with distilled water for 10 s. Formulations were applied to the moist dentin and light-cured 10 s. A packable composite was then applied through irises and light-cured 60 s. Teeth were stored in water for 24 h before bonds were tested in a shearing orientation. One-way ANOVA was performed on the data. The average values of shear bond strengths were defined as loads at fracture divided by the 4 mm diameter iris areas. The average formulation containing the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives was higher (p < 0.05), where p is a fraction of the probability distribution) than that of the same monomeric formulation except that the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives were not included. This was supporting evidence that the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives contributed to improved bonding. The average value of shear bond strength for the formulation containing the polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives was also higher (p < 0.05) than that of the commercial self-etching bonding system. These preliminary results are in accordance with the hypothesis that formulations containing polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives can form strong adhesive bonds to hydrated dentin surfaces. Further improvements in bonding to hydrated biological tissues by use of advanced formulations are anticipated
Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material
No full textIn an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations
Elastic-Stiffness Coefficients of Titanium Diboride
No full textUsing resonance ultrasound spectroscopy, we measured the monocrystal elasticstiffness coefficients, the Voigt Cij , of TiB2. With hexagonal symmetry, TiB2 exhibits five independent Cij : C11 , C33 , C44 , C12 , C13 . Using Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging, we converted these monocrystal values to quasiisotropic (polycrystal) elastic stiffnesses. Briefly, we comment on effects of voids. From the Cij , we calculated the Debye characteristic temperature, the Grneisen parameter, and various sound velocities. Our study resolves the enormous differences between two previous reports of TiB2s Cij
Perturbations From Ducts on the Modes of Acoustic Thermometers
No full textWe examine the perturbations of the modes of an acoustic thermometer caused by circular ducts used either for gas flow or as acoustic waveguides coupled to remote transducers. We calculate the acoustic admittance of circular ducts using a model based on transmission line theory. The admittance is used to calculate the perturbations to the resonance frequencies and half-widths of the modes of spherical and cylindrical acoustic resonators as functions of the ducts radius, length, and the locations of the transducers along the duct's length. To verify the model, we measured the complex acoustic admittances of a series of circular tubes as a function of length between 200 Hz and 10 kHz using a three-port acoustic coupler. The absolute magnitude of the specific acoustic admittance is approximately one. For a 1.4 mm inside-diameter, 1.4 m long tube, the root mean square difference between the measured and modeled specific admittances (both real and imaginary parts) over this frequency range was 0.018. We conclude by presenting design considerations for ducts connected to acoustic thermometers