NIST Digital Archives
Not a member yet
149436 research outputs found
Sort by
Ared Cezairliyan
No full textARED CEZAIRLIYAN
NBS/NIST: 1963-1997
INDUCTED: 2015
B: 1934, Istanbul, Turkey
D: 1997
EDUCATION:
Robert College, Istanbul, Turkey, BS (Mechanical Engineering), 1957
Purdue University, MS (Mechanical Engineering), 1960
Purdue University, PhD (Mechanical Engineering), 1963
CITATION:
For pioneering development of ultrahigh-speed dynamic techniques for thermophysical property measurements of metals in both solid/liquid phases at high temperatures and for exceptional leadership in the international thermophysics community.
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Research Physicist, Heat Division, Institute for Basic Standards, 1963-1971
Research Physicist, Physical Chemistry Division, Institute for Materials Research, 1971-1978
Research Physicist, Center for Thermodynamics and Molecular Science, Center for Radiation Research, 1978-1996
Research Physicist, Metallurgy Division, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, 1996-1997
HONORS:
Distinguished Alumnus Award, Purdue University (1978)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1975) and Gold Medal (1980)
Department of Commerce Engineer of the Year (1981)
ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award (1981)
Gold Medal by French High Temperature Society (1982)
IR-100 Award, Industrial Research and Development (1983)
Thermal Conductivity Award, International Thermal Conductivity Conference (1987)
Special Award, Japan Society of Thermophysical Properties (1989)
Outstanding Mechanical Engineer Award, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University (1991)
ASME Yeram S. Touloukian Award (1997)
Award of Excellence, Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer (1998)
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Physical Society
ASTM
ASME
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Washington Philosophical Society
Sigma Xi Honorary
Pi Tau Sigma Mechanical Engineering Honorary
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 150 publications including:
Cezairliyan, A., and McClure, J.L. “A Subsecond Pulse Heating Technique for the Study of Solid-Phase Transformations at High Temperature: Application to Iron,” High Temp. Sci. 7, 189-196 (1975)
Cezairliyan, A., “Advances in Measurements of Thermophysical Properties by Dynamic Techniques,” High Temps.-High Press. 11, 9-27 (1979)
Cezairliyan, A., Maglic, K.D., and Peletsky, V.E. Compendium of Thermophysical Property Measurement Methods, Vols. 1, 2, Springer, New York (1984, 1992)
Cezairliyan, A., Mc Clure, J.L., and Miiller, A.P., “A Microsecond-Resolution Transient Technique for Measuring Heat of Fusion of Metals: Niobium,” Int. J. Thermophys. 8, 577-592 (1987)
Cezairliyan, A., and Miiller, A.P., “A Dynamic Technique for Thermophysical Measurements at High Temperatures in a Microgravity Environment,” Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 653-662 (1990
Michael J. Kurylo
No full textMICHAEL J. KURYLO
NBS/NIST: 1969-2003
INDUCTED: 2015
B: 20 July 1945, Meriden, Connecticut
EDUCATION:
Boston College, BS (Chemistry), 1966
Catholic University of America, PhD (Physical Chemistry), 1969
CITATION:
For leadership in the measurement and critical evaluation of gas phase kinetics, photochemical, and spectroscopic data of trace atmospheric chemical species related to the ozone layer and environmental change.
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate, NBS, 1969-1971
Research Chemist, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, 1971-2003
NIST detail to NASA, Manager of NASA’s Upper Atmosphere Research Program, 1987-2003
Guest Researcher, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory and Chemical Sciences Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, 2004-present
HONORS:
NBS, Bronze Medal (1983) and U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1991)
NASA Group Achievement Award (16 awards spanning 1991-2009)
United Nations Environment Programme Certificate of Recognition (1995 and 1999)
Catholic University Alumni Achievement Award in the Field of Science (1996)
NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1996 and 2008)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Hero Award (2000)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award (2008)
Hildebrand Prize, Chemical Society of Washington/American Chemical Society (2009)
Montreal Protocol Who’s Who Listing (2009)
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Chemical Society
American Geophysical Union
American Physical Society
Sigma Xi
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 160 publications including:
Kurylo, M.J. and Braun, W., “Flash Photolysis Resonance Fluorescence Study of the Cl + O3 Reaction Over the Temperature Range 213-298 K,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 37, 232-235 (1976)
Kurylo, M.J., “The Chemistry of Stratospheric Ozone: Its Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Influences,” Int. J. Refrig. 13, 62-72 (1990)
Orkin, V.L., Villenave, E., Huie, R.E., and Kurylo, M.J., “Atmospheric Lifetimes and Global Warming Potentials of Hydrofluoroethers: Reactivity towards OH, UV Spectra, and IR Absorption Cross-Sections,” J. Phys. Chem. 103, 9770 (1999)
Kurylo, M.J., and Orkin, V.L., “Determination of Atmospheric Lifetimes via the Measurement of OH Radical Kinetics,” Chemical Reviews, 103, 5049-5076 (2003)
Ravishankara, A.R., Kurylo, M.J., and Ennis, C.A. (eds.), “Trends in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure,” A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research (CCSP, Department of Commerce, NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, 240 pp. (2008)
Burkholder, J.B., Mellouki, W., Fleming, E.L., George, C., Heard, D.E., Jackman, C.H., Kurylo, M.J., Orkin, V.L., and Wallington, T.J., “Evaluation of Atmospheric Loss Process,” Chapter 3 in Stratospheric Ozone-Depleting Substances, Their Replacements, and Related Species, SPARC Report No. 6, (2013
E. Clayton Teague
No full textE. CLAYTON TEAGUE
NBS/NIST: 1972-2011
INDUCTED: 2015
B: 19 January 1941, Trion, Georgia
EDUCATION: Georgia Institute of Technology, BS (Physics), 1961
Georgia Institute of Technology, MS (Physics), 1964
University of North Texas, PhD (Physics), 1978
CITATION:
For outstanding scientific leadership and advancement in scanning probe microscopy, nanoscale science and metrology, precision engineering, and surface microtopography measurement, leading to new measurement science, standards, and fields of research.
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Research Scientist, Mechanical Processes Division, Center for Mechanical Engineering, 1972-1986
Leader, Micrometrology Group, Precision Engineering Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL), 1986-1994
Leader, Nanometrology Group, Precision Engineering Division, MEL, 1994-1999
Chief, Manufacturing Metrology Division, MEL, 1999-2003
Director, U.S. National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, U.S. National Science and Technology Council, Executive Office of the President, (Detail from NIST's Engineering Laboratory), 2003-2011
HONORS:
IR-100 Industrial Research and Development Award, jointly with F. Scire (1978)
U.S. Department of Commerce Silver Medal (1981); Gold Medal (1995)
NIST Astin Measurement Science Award (1995)
Kilby International Award by Kilby Awards Foundation (1996)
Fellow, UK Institute of Physics with granted title of Chartered Physicist (1999)
Nano Science and Technology Institute Award (2006)
Lifetime Achievement Award, American Society for Precision Engineering (2007)
Lifetime Achievement Award, European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology - euspen (2008) ANSI Chairman’s Award (2011)
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Society for Precision Engineering (ASPE)
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
PUBLICATIONS:
More than 125 publications and four patents including:
Teague, E.C., “Evaluation, Revision, and Application of the NBS Stylus/Computer System for Measurement of Surface Roughness,” NBS Technical Note 902 (April 1976)
Teague, E.C., “Uncertainties in Calibrating a Stylus Type Surface Texture Measuring Instrument with an Interferometrically Measured Step,” Metrologia, 14: 39-41 (1978)
Teague, E.C., and Scire, F.E., “Flexure Hinge,” Patent No. 4,559,717 (1985)
Teague, E.C., “Room Temperature Gold-Vacuum-Gold Tunneling Experiments,” Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 91, pp. 171-233 (1986)
Teague, E.C., “The NIST Molecular Measuring Machine Project: Metrology and Precision Engineering Design,” J. Vac. Sci. and Tech. B, 7: 1898-1902 (1989)
Teague, E.C. “Feynman’s Challenge: Building Things from Atoms – One by One,” Proceedings of the euspen International Conference – Zurich, Switzerland (May 2008
List of Names Mentioned in Oral history interview of Dan Shechtman, June 17, 2015
No full textOral history interview of Dr. Dan Shechtman conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland on June 17, 2015. Dr. Shechtman, the Phillip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion in Haifa, Israel, and 2011 Nobel Laureate in chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, was on sabbatical from the Technion at the National Bureau of Standards, now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in 1982 when he made his discovery
Toward Continuous GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer: Eliminating the Time Discontinuity at an Anomaly
No full textThe wide application of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary
discontinuity (BD). The discontinuity has two categories. One is “day boundary discontinuity,” which has been studied extensively
and can be solved by multiple methods [1-8]. The other category of discontinuity, called “anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD),” comes from a GPS data anomaly. The anomaly can be a data gap (i.e., missing data), a GPS measurement error (i.e., bad data), or a cycle slip. Initial study of the anomaly-BD shows that we can fix the discontinuity if the anomaly lasts no more than 20 min, using the polynomial curve-fitting strategy to repair the anomaly [9]. However, sometimes, the data anomaly lasts longer than 20 min. Thus, a better curve-fitting strategy is in need. Besides, a cycle slip, as another type of data anomaly, can occur and lead to an anomaly-BD. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new strategy, i.e., the satellite-clock-aided curve fitting strategy with the function of cycle slip detection. Basically, this new strategy applies the satellite clock correction to the GPS data. After
that, we do the polynomial curve fitting for the code and phase data, as before. Our study shows that the phase-data residual is only ~3 mm for all GPS satellites. The new strategy also detects and finds the number of cycle slips by searching the minimum curve-fitting residual. Extensive examples show that this new strategy enables us to repair up to a 40-min GPS data anomaly, regardless of whether the anomaly is due to a data gap, a cycle slip, or a combination of the two. We also find that interference of the GPS signal, known as “jamming”, can possibly lead to a time-transfer error, and that this new strategy can compensate for jamming outages. Thus, the new strategy can eliminate the impact of jamming on time transfer. As a whole, we greatly improve the robustness of the GPS CP time transfer
On the Stability of Rotating Drops
No full textWe consider the equilibrium and stability of rotating axisymmetric fluid drops by appealing to a variational principle that characterizes the equilibria as stationary states of a functional containing surface energy and rotational energy contributions, augmented by a volume constraint. The linear stability of a drop is determined by solving the eigenvalue problem associated with the second variation of the energy functional. We compute equilibria corresponding to both oblate and prolate shapes, as well as toroidal shapes, and track their evolution with rotation rate. The stability results are obtained for two cases: (i) a prescribed rotational rate of the system (“driven drops”), or (ii) a prescribed angular momentum (“isolated drops”). For families of axisymmetric drops instabilities may occur for either axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric perturbations; the latter correspond to bifurcation points where non-axisymmetric shapes are possible. We employ an angle-arc length formulation of the problem which allows the computation of equilibrium shapes that are not single-valued in spherical coordinates. We are able to illustrate the transition from spheroidal drops with a strong indentation on the rotation axis to toroidal drops that do not extend to the rotation axis. Toroidal drops with a large aspect ratio (major radius to minor radius) are subject to azimuthal instabilities with higher mode numbers that are analogous to the Rayleigh instability of a cylindrical interface. Prolate spheroidal shapes occur if a drop of lower density rotates within a denser medium; these drops appear to be linearly stable. This work is motivated by recent investigations of toroidal tissue clusters that are observed to climb conical obstacles after self-assembly [Nurse et al., Journal of Applied Mechanics 79 (2012) 051013]
An Areal Isotropic Spline Filter for Surface Metrology
No full textThis paper deals with the application of the spline filter as an areal filter for surface metrology. A profile (2D) filter is often applied in orthogonal directions to yield an areal filter for a three-dimensional (3D) measurement. Unlike the Gaussian filter, the spline filter presents an anisotropic characteristic when used as an areal filter. This disadvantage hampers the wide application of spline filters for evaluation and analysis of areal surface topography. An approximation method is proposed in this paper to overcome the problem. In this method, a profile high-order spline filter serial is constructed to approximate the filtering characteristic of the Gaussian filter. Then an areal filter with isotropic characteristic is composed by implementing the profile spline filter in the orthogonal directions. It is demonstrated that the constructed areal filter has two important features for surface metrology: an isotropic amplitude characteristic and no end effects. Some examples of applying this method on simulated and practical surfaces are analyzed
An Improved Algorithm of Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) Method for Firearm Evidence Identifications
No full textThe Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) method was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for firearm evidence identifications. The CMC method divides the measured image of a surface area, such as a breech face impression from a fired cartridge case, into small correlation cells and uses four identification parameters to identify correlated cell pairs originating from the same firearm. The CMC method was validated by identification tests using both 3D topography images and optical images
captured from breech face impressions of 40 cartridge cases fired from a pistol with 10 consecutively manufactured slides. In this
paper, we discuss the processing of the cell correlations and propose an improved algorithm of the CMC method which takes advantage of the cell correlations at a common initial phase angle and combines the forward and backward correlations
to improve the identification capability. The improved algorithm is tested by 780 pairwise correlations using the same optical images and 3D topography images as the initial validation
Smart Electronic Laboratory Notebooks for the NIST Research Environment
No full textLaboratory notebooks have been a staple of scientific research for centuries for organizing and documenting ideas and experiments.
Modern laboratories are increasingly reliant on electronic data collection and analysis, so it seems inevitable that the digital revolution should come to the ordinary laboratory notebook. The most important aspect of this transition is to make the shift as comfortable and intuitive as possible, so that the creative process that is the hallmark of scientific investigation and engineering achievement is maintained, and ideally enhanced. The smart electronic laboratory notebooks described in this paper represent a paradigm shift from the old pen and paper style notebooks and provide a host of powerful operational and documentation capabilities in an intuitive format that is available anywhere at any time