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The Formula of the Frobenius Number for a Numerical Semigroup with Embedding Dimension Three respect to a Partial Order Relation
Full text link The Frobenius number is the largest positive integer that cannot be expressed as a non-negative linear combination of a given set of positive integers. It is considered to be one of the well-known problems in number theory, especially where the cardinality of the set is greater than three. Recently, algorithms and formulas have been proposed to calculate the Frobenius number in three variables, and various techniques have been used to handle the problem. Currently, for more than three variables, the problem associated with finding the Frobenius number is still considered to be an open problem. In this work, we used the concept of a numerical semigroup to develop an alternative approach to finding the Frobenius and genus number in three variables in particular cases. In the arbitrary variables, the formula presented in three variables can yield an upper bound of the Frobenius number and genus number.
Keywords: Embedding dimension, Frobenius number, Genus number, Numerical semigroup, Partial order relatio
Analysis on “The Spirit of the Prosperous Tang Dynasty” and “Picturesense” of Frontier Fortress Poetry in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty
No full text Nowadays, contemporary Chinese people lack understanding and memory of the connotation of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and its cultural value and significance have not been fully utilized. The purpose of this research is to establish the correctness of the author’s visualization of frontier fortress poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty as a communication method of aesthetic education by interpreting the “picture sense” of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and “the spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty” contained in them, and to sort out the theoretical research framework for continuing to study frontier fortress poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in the future. This study will analyze the relevant literature of key elements such as the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tang poetry, and frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, analyze the historical development of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, find out the factors that promoted its prosperity and development, and then analyze the typical cases of “picture sense” in frontier fortress poetry, and clarify that the concept of “painting in poetry” has been innovated and developed in frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Through the above analysis, it is deduced that “the spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty”, “Literary Origin” and “Life Experience of frontier fortress Poets” are the main factors constituting the vigorous development of Sheng Tang frontier fortress poetry and it is established that “the spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty” of the frontier fortress poetry is of great value to contemporary times. In the end, it is concluded that it is necessary for relevant institutions to enhance their cultural self-confidence and patriotism by promoting frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Keywords: Tang Poetry, Frontier Fortress Poetry in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Picture Sense, Spirit of the Prosperous Tang Dynast
Interest, Self-efficacy and Environmental Influences on the Career Decision Making of Adolescents
No full text This study determined the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, their parents’ highest educational attainment, their parents’ occupation, their parents’ combined annual income, type of school, interest, self-efficacy, and environmental influences on their career decision making. The research instrument for this study was developed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 which was interpreted as reliable. It was administered to 583 respondents, of whom 84 came from private schools and 499 from public schools. The statistical treatments utilized were frequency, percentage, and chi-square tests. The findings of the study revealed that the respondents had a high level of self-efficacy and were interested in their preferred track and strand. Their most preferred career track and strand were the Academic Track and Humanities Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand, and the least preferred were the Arts and Design Track, Home Economics Strand, and Industrial Arts Strand under the Technology-Vocational-Livelihood Track. The results also revealed that there is a significant relationship between the career choice of adolescents and their profile in terms of age, sex, their father’s highest educational attainment, the type of school, and interest in the preferred track and strand. It was also found that there is no significant relationship between the career choice of adolescents and their profile in terms of their mother’s highest educational attainment, their father’s occupation, their mother’s occupation, their parents’ combined annual income, self-efficacy, and their environment. However, teachers significantly influenced adolescents career decisions.
Keywords: Career Exploration, Adolescence Traits, Teacher’s Role, Parent’s Influence
Study for an Approach to Using Ghost Belief as Cultural Capital to Develop Isan Local Communities
No full text “Isan” a unique region in north-east Thailand demonstrates a strong belief in the power of ghosts and spirits. This belief could potentially be embraced to become embodied cultural capital for local communities. This research surveys the current status of Isan ghost belief through the examination of local community rituals in the Tao Ngoi sub-district where 20 rituals have been continuously organising, aiming to discover a direction for the use of ghost belief as cultural capital to develop the economic and cultural aspects of local communities. To approach an overall understanding, a contextual survey, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation are used. Research results show; 1) Isan ghost belief resides deeply in its local people’s way of living and is ultimately understood as valuable embodied cultural capital for Isan. This belief appears in two forms; “Tangible and Intangible” and is situated at 3 levels namely; Individual level; where rituals are arranged individually according to personal purposes, Community level; where ghost rituals and ghost-religious related rituals are collectively arranged by local people with a common purpose and Regional level; where rituals are communally-arranged between community. Individual and community level rituals (non-religious related) possess the greatest potential for development as local cultural capital having retained their authenticity, whilst at Regional level less so, due to their transformation from external influences, 2) Isan ghost belief is comprised of 2 components; “Purpose” and “Form”, 3) The major factors affecting a decline in ghost-belief include connectivity to the urban and the expansion of Buddhist religion, 4) A three-fold community classification based on ghost belief explicitly; “Untransformed Community”, “Transforming Community, and “Transformed Community”. The harnessing of ghost belief as cultural capital - and its use in the development of local communities - needs to be carried-out according to these three different community types; 4.1) The “Untransformed Community; should focus on cultivation of ghost belief for future generations by developing a stronger awareness of its cultural heritage amongst its own people. Individual and Community level rituals could be used to convey local cultural essence to anyone seeking a deeper authentic experience through community activities and services, 4.2) “Transforming Community”; its focus should be on ritual at the Individual and Community level, developing continuity between the authentic local and modern urban. Here, Community level rituals, set up by local people could allow outsiders to become ritual participants, touched by involvement with locals through ‘homestays’ where tourists might experience ghosts in an entirely more intimate way, 4.3) “Transformed Community” should focus on ghost belief at a Regional level through festivals for outsiders to increase cultural value, 5) There are no proper locations for ghost rituals within the 4 communities. A specific place as a centre for ghost belief representation could act as a potential landmark for ghost belief helping it to take root. Thus, with an appropriate method, strategy and mechanism it becomes possible to utilize ghost belief as a cultural capital to develop economy community, whilst still preserving its inherent authenticity.
Keywords: Isan Local Community Development, Embodied Cultural Capital, Level of Ghost and Spirit Belief, Community Classificatio
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Infection Receiving a Shorter All-oral Bedaquiline-containing Regimen
Full text link The most important adverse effect of bedaquiline is QT prolongation. There have not been any definitive studies on the prevalence of QT prolongation caused by bedaquiline drugs used in Thailand. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective chart review study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of QT prolongation in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection who were receiving a shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen. The data of the MDR-TB patients who received this treatment regimen between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand and Makaruk Hospital were collected. The event of QTc prolongation and risk factors, including QTc baseline, gender, QT prolongation diagnosed by physician, potassium level, comorbidities, and other drugs used in the shorter all-oral Bedaquiline-containing regimen, were recorded. Results showed that, from 33 patients (19 men and 14 women, age 43.24±15.79 years) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infection who received treated under this regimen, 27 (81.82%) of the patients received levofloxacin-based regimen, and 2 of the patients (6.06%) had QT prolongation. Other factors that may contribute to the development of QT prolongation are hypokalemia and other drugs used in this regimen. This study may lead to the development of a risk assessment tool for monitoring QT prolongation in patients who receive the shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimen.
Keywords: QT prolongation, bedaquiline, hypokalemia, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, risk facto
Distribution of Doctors and Outpatient Service Workload by Thai Elderly at the Provincial Level, 2021
No full text The arrival of an aging society has increased the demand for health services. The number of physicians affects the ability to provide health care services to the elderly. The ratio of the elderly population to physician in Thailand has improved over the past decade. However, if looking at the distribution of doctors at provincial level, some provinces are far from meeting the needs. In this paper, we explored the elderly population to physician ratio and the use of outpatient services among elderly. The objective was to identify provinces with a shortage of doctors. We used data on physicians and the elderly population from the National Statistical Office during 2019. The number of outpatient services, the first line of health services, were obtained from the Ministry of Public Health. Data on outpatient service usage among elderly people over 60 years of age from public hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health in 2019. The number of elderly outpatient visits per head divided by the total physicians available in the province allowed us to identify which provinces had a relatively high outpatient workload compared to the number of physicians. From the study, it was found that provinces with a physician shortage from higher outpatient workload for physicians in 2019 were: Ranong, Bueng Kan, Nong Bua Lamphu, Uthai Thani, Samut Songkhram, Chainat, Satun, Ang Thong, Phang Nga, and Sing Buri. These provinces did not have a large economic growth size and many provinces were easily accessible. It is recommended that the Ministry of Public Health’s policy on physician distribution should also focus on not-remote provinces, in addition to those remote and difficult to access.
Keywords: Outpatient Services, Elderly, Doctor Distributio