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Spill the Tea: Current Conditions and External Factors Affecting EnTEApreneurs in Lagawe, Ifugao, Philippines
Full text link Entrepreneurship is crucial to rural development. Utilizing community resources, boosting local economies, and enhancing company capacities are all necessary for rural development. As a result, this study presents the current conditions and external factors affecting enTEApreneurs in Lagawe, Ifugao as a basis for a thorough recommendation towards a sustainable herb tea industry in the locality. Specifically, this study explored current conditions of the herb tea enTEApreneurs based on One Town One Product Criteria. Moreover, this study determined the access to finance, technology, market, social infrastructures, and environmental factors among heb tea enTEApreneurs. To achieve the stated study aims, both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. A researcher-made questionnaire with eight (8) enTEApreneurs as well as key informant interviews with five (5) local government unit officials and government agency representatives were used to gather information and shed light on stated objectives. Based on the One Town One Product (OTOP) in the Philippines using weighted means and inductive analysis, findings revealed that local tea herb products are in good condition as reflected in their product quality, product design, packaging and labeling, marketing strategies, branding, production, delivery, and financial capability, innovations, good customer experience and integration of cultural value to their product and processes. Additionally, enTEApreneurs have access to a range of governmental infrastructure supports in terms of the commercial, social, and technical spheres. However, it can be noted that enTEApreneurs do have access to finance provided by identified government agencies. Thus, enTEApreneurs started to develop their products to meet the needs and standards of consumers and other agencies towards reaching a larger market, making herb tea products to have the potential to be widely distributed and recognized. With this, thorough recommendations in areas of current condition and external factors affecting the business were forwarded to identified government agencies and to enTEApreneurs to strengthen the tea industry in the locality for sustainable rural development.
Keywords: Access to Finance, Cultural Value, Entrepreneurship, Herb Tea EnTEApreneurs, One Town One Product, Product Potential
The The Construction of an Application to Manage Health Problems of Ethnic Groups in Chiang Dao District to Reduce Social Inequality in Access to Essential Services in Public Health
Full text link Public health inequality has played a significant role in Thai society, especially among the ethnic groups who are regarded as vulnerable. They have encountered problems accessing public health services in Chiang Dao district, Chiang Mai province, due to communication and distance problems causing higher mortality rates than in low-lying areas. The objective of this research was to create an application to facilitate preliminary healthcare services and treatment of the ethnic groups in an attempt to reduce social inequality in accessing basic healthcare services of the ethnic groups. The research process involved eight steps. The first step was concerned with examining frequently discovered illnesses and ailments among the ethnic group in the study area from Chiang Dao hospital and its public health network as well as from documentary research and in-depth interviews. The second step was fieldwork with community participation to investigate actual healthcare problems in the study areas. The third step was concerned with collecting, analyzing and synthesizing the collected data. The fourth step dealt with preliminary treatments of illnesses and ailments, submission of the data to medical personnel for verifying the correctness of the data, and classification of basic treatment methods according to types of illnesses. The fifth step involved fieldwork to collect four ethnic languages, which included Akha, Karen, Hmong, and Lisu. The sixth step was about the design and construction of the application. The seventh step was to test the operation of the application with 150 ethnic individuals before carrying out the improvement. The last step was about the formation of the application manual.
The application for preliminary healthcare and illness treatment for the participating ethnic groups was constructed based on the Flutter software development kit and the Dart programming language and operates on the android operation system on mobile phones. The application was tried and used by 150 ethnic respondents for preliminary healthcare and illness treatment. A questionnaire was then administered to find out the satisfaction of the application users. The overall mean efficiency of the application is at a high level (Mean = 4.24, S.D. = 0.53). To construct this healthcare application for the ethnic groups is another channel for them to better access public health services in the district as generally impeded by linguistic and distance problems. This is a form of healthcare system development in the country, which could be a solid foundation for overall national development and a part of the Sustainable Development Goals
Keywords: Inequality, Ethnic Groups, Technology, Public Health, Mobile Applicatio
Environmental Impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic around the World with a Special Focus on Thailand and India: A rapid review
Full text link COVID-19, scientifically called Novel Coronavirus SARS – CoV-2 which was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has infected above 118,000 persons in more than 114 countries worldwide on 11 March 2020, and so the World Health Organization announced coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The study aims to review the positive as well as negative environmental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic around the World, with a special focus on Thailand, and India. The study reviews documents and collects relevant data, related to COVID-19 and the environment in the world, particularly Thailand and India, from the beginning of the outbreak in January 2020 till February 2021 from various kinds of electronic documents available on various publication sites, the daily internet media, social media, news, and opinions, during 2020-2021 by typing keywords as “Environmental impact of COVID-19”. It is found that coronavirus disease has impacted the World, Thailand, and India’s environment both positively and negatively through several indicators including improvement in air quality, clean beaches, reduction in surface temperature and environmental noise, freedom of movement to wildlife, birds, animals, regeneration of biodiversity, and water bodies. Even though the pandemic has caused many environmental benefits, it caused an alarming situation in the amount of generated disposable packaging, plastic, medical waste, and the management of its disposal. It can be concluded that human behavior and activities, indeed impacted the environment, so the solution to the environmental crisis depends on changing human behavior and activities that cause the deterioration of the environment.
Keywords: COVID-19, Positive environmental impact, Negative environmental impact, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemic
 
A Comparative Study of Metaphor Translations between Thai-Subtitled and Original Korean Movie Scripts “Kim Ji-Young: Born 1982”
No full text This article aims to compare the metaphor translations applied in the original Korean movie script and the Thai-subtitled one from the Korean movie “Kim Ji-Young: Born 1982” (82 년생 김지영) in order to analyze metaphorical structures from the movie scripts. This research will benefit teaching Korean Language for Thai learners in metaphor translation and investigating Thai-Korean movie subtitle translations. The study found 172 metaphors, which can be divided into 3 main groups: Group 1, the general metaphors were applied in Thai and Korean movie scripts (43.61%), which can be further divided into 3 subgroups: 1.1 using the same word to represent the metaphor with the same meaning (11.05%), 1.2 using different word to represent the metaphor with the same meaning (11.63%), and 1.3 using vocabulary in the same lexical group to represent the metaphor with the same meaning (20.93%). In Group 2, metaphors were applied in Korean movie script whereas direct meaning vocabularies were applied in Thai-subtitled movie script (26.74%). And in Group 3, metaphors were applied in Thai-subtitled movie script whereas direct meaning vocabularies were applied in Korean movie script (29.65%). This study found traces of cultural similarities in metaphor translations between Thai and Korean subtitled movie scripts as shown in Group 1, In contrast, Group 2 and 3 metaphors were applied differently which reflected the uniqueness of each language. Some metaphors were used specifically in Korean but there were none of these metaphors in Thai language and the same phenomenon occurred vice versa. Therefore, it is impossible to provide the perfect metaphor translations with the closet meaning to the original source text. This study also revealed a consistency after applying the Stockwell, Bowen and Martin’s Hierarchy of Difficulty in Foreign Language Studies (Stockwell, Bowen, & Martin, 1965 as cited in Kobsirithiwara, 2021), and translation theory called Skopostheorie by Reiß and Vermeer Reiß and Vermeer’s Skopostheorie translation theory (Reiß & Vermeer, 1984 as cited in Saengaramruang, 2020). This study also found that the metaphor translations had different levels of difficulty - ease, and choosing metaphors was largely the translator’s decision. The Skopostheorie recommended by Reiß and Vermeer emphasized the importance of culture in the translation process, and it was critical to assess who the recipients of the translation were, and whether they had cultural or basic knowledge of the source text or not including the purpose of translation. From the correlation analysis, metaphors in Groups 2 and 3 showed the Hierarchy of Difficulty at Level 1 (Split), Level 2 (New), and Level 3 (Absent). It indicates that the more word choices the translators have, it tends to be more difficult for the translators’ decision-making process.
Keywords: Korean Metaphor, Thai Metaphor, Translation, Movie Scrip
Macroeconomic Factors and the Outpatient Services Utilization Among Elderly in Thailand
No full text Economic growth and development lead to advancement in infrastructure, employment and income of people in the province. Such developments allow people in each province to have access to health resources and enjoy health services especially elderly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the impact of provincial economic factors affecting the elderly’s use of outpatient services in Thailand. Used data were from the standard 43-file databases of the Health Data Center of the Ministry of Public Health, retrieving only those aged 60 years and above. This study was based on 5-year Panel Data from 2015 to 2019 using Fixed Effect Regression estimates. The estimated results revealed that the economic factors affecting access to health services among the elderly were as follows. The number of employed people increased by 1 person, causing the number of outpatient services for the elderly to decrease by 4.5 visits. Gross provincial product in the health category increased by 1 million baht, affecting the number of outpatient services of the elderly by 250 visits. The total consumer price index increased by 1 point, affecting the use of outpatient services by 57,595 visits. The interesting thing was that the price factor did not affect the number of service use, including economic factors or gross provincial product. This study reveals that economic affects the elderly’s access to health services through gross provincial product, employment and price factors. From the results, the upcoming economic development should pay attention to the quality of life of the elderly from service use, especially the use of government welfare system.
Keywords: Macroeconomic Factors, Outpatient Service Utilization, Elderly, Fixed Effect Regressio