Naresuan University Journal
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China’s Foreign Policy towards Bangladesh and Pakistan: In the Context of Geo-strategic Issues (Early 21st Century)
Full text link Geo-strategy is a geopolitical branch of foreign policy that is largely influenced by geographical variables in terms of warning, limiting, or influencing political and military preparation. The term geo-economics has been used in recent years to describe the perceived superiority of economics in interstate affairs over politics. The key purpose of this research is to concentrate on the geostrategic and economic value of the Bay of Bengal, the Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf, where there is a great interest in China. In addition, the study found that the Bay of Bengal, southeast Bangladesh-Pakistan, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf and Port of Gwadar are of considerable significance to China for trade and investment purposes, as well as for exports and imports. The study attempted to examine the ongoing development of China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations in the diplomatic, military, and economic spheres. These trends have had a significant effect on South Asia in general and on the relations between China and Bangladesh and Pakistan in particular. China-Bangladesh-Pakistan relations have developed in the diplomatic, military, and economic realms in the early 21st century. This analysis was carried out on the basis of secondary sources. The study argues that the Bay of Bengal is an important region for China because of its easy access to the Indian Ocean, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Pakistan is situated at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, lying astride China, South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia, and has the potential to become a crossroads for trade, transportation, and oil.
Keywords: China, Foreign Policy, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bay of Bengal, Geostrategic, Indian Ocean, Geo-economic, Port of Gwadar, Persian Gul
The Causal Relationship Model of Work Passion Among Community Development Volunteers
No full text Community development volunteers play a vital role in communities and nations to achieve sustainable development goals. The objective of this study was 1) to develop the causal relationship model of work passion among community development volunteers, and 2) to empirically validate the causal relationship model of work passion among community development volunteers. The sample consisted of 362 community development volunteers. Proportional stratified random sampling was used. Questionnaires were used to collect data, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient between .92-.96. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling technique. The result showed that the proposed model fitted the empirical data. Meaningful work and quality of work life had a direct effect on work passion among community development volunteers, whereas work atmosphere had an indirect effect on work passion among community development volunteers via quality of work life. In addition, work atmosphere also had a direct effect on quality of work life. The implications of this research proposed a policy to enhance the quality of work life and create training programs to increase the level of work passion among community development volunteers.
Keywords: Work Passion, Community Development, Community Development Volunteers, Causal Relationship Mode
Development of mucoadhesive gelatin-based patches for aphthous ulcers
Full text link Mucoadhesive patches demonstrate considerable promise for the administration of therapeutics targeting oral mucosal diseases. This study employed the solvent casting technique to fabricate mucoadhesive patches and examine the influence of bloom strength variation, plasticizer concentration, gelatin concentration, and alpha-mangostin (α-MN) loading on patch properties. The mucoadhesive patches consisted of a 5% ethylcellulose backing layer, a mucoadhesive layer combining ethylcellulose and gelatin, and a gelatin layer loaded with α-MN. The investigation revealed that augmented gelatin bloom strength correlated with increased puncture strength and elongation at break, but diminished thickness. Owing to its superior characteristics, 300-bloom gelatin was chosen for further examination. The incorporation of glycerin as a plasticizer decreased puncture strength but enhanced elongation at break. An escalation in gelatin concentration from 1% to 7% resulted in amplified patch thickness and puncture strength, with 7% gelatin yielding the most pliable patches. Additionally, the in vitro residence time of the patches rose concomitantly with increasing gelatin concentrations, attributable to heightened interpenetration with mucin chains and the formation of mucoadhesive bonds. Successful α-MN loading into the patches was achieved, exhibiting an actual concentration range of 144.12 ± 27.10 µg to 441.05 ± 94.79 µg. In summary, this study successfully generated mucoadhesive patches exhibiting desirable properties for potential oral mucosal drug delivery applications. These findings serve as a foundation for subsequent optimization and development of mucoadhesive patches to address various oral mucosal diseases.
Keywords: mucoadhesive patches, gelatin, α-mangostin, plasticizer, in vitro residence tim
Micellar Effect on the Kinetics of Ethanol Oxidation by Potassium Permanganate in Acidic Medium
Full text link The catalytic effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles on the oxidation of alcohols by potassium permanganate in an acidic medium was investigated using a double beam Unicam-1800 Schmadzu UV/Visible- spectrophotometer at λmax 525 nm under pseudo-first-order kinetics. The kinetic study followed a first-order dependence each on [KMnO4], [Ethanol] and fractional order to [H+]. The reaction was catalyzed by SDS at low concentration values and invariant at higher [SDS]. The catalytic effect may be attributed to the solubilization and incorporation of the reactants into the stern layer of the micelles and the inhibition at higher levels of SDS is attributed to the repulsion between the protonated oxidant accumulated on the surface of the micelle and the surfactant counter ions. The results are discussed in terms of the Pseudo-Phase Model as proposed by Menger-Portnoy and Piszkiewicz's positive cooperativity model. The activation parameters were obtained from Erying’s equation as ∆H# 4.16 kJ mol-1, ∆S# -0.198kJK-1 mol-1 and ∆G# 63.16 kJmol-1. The negative ∆S# suggests an ordered transition state. The micellar rate constant, km and the binding constant Ks, were 7.45 x 10-3 s-1 and 40.35 mol dm-3 respectively. The binding constant indicates the existence of surfactant-substrate interaction and the value of n>1 suggests positive cooperativity. The study showed that electrostatic/hydrophobic interactions play a significant role in the micellar-influenced reaction and further affirmed the fact that all chemical reactions involving protonation are catalyzed by anionic surfactants.
Keywords: Kinetics, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), Oxidation, Potassium Permanganate, Ethano
Artificial Intelligence Application in Automated Odometer Mileage Recognition of Freight Vehicles
No full text Transportation cost management is necessary for entrepreneurs in industry and business. One way to do this is to report the daily mileage numbers read by the employees of a company, but still encounter errors in human mileage reading, resulting in incorrect information received and difficulties in planning effective revenue management, as well as increased workload and complications for employees in checking mileage information. Therefore, the objective of this research was to create a machine-learning model for detecting and reading the mileage numbers of both digital and analog odometer displays of freight vehicles. The model has two processes; 1) To identify the position of the odometer in the speedometer image and remove unrelated backgrounds from the image, and 2) To read the mileage figure from the isolated odometer image. Both processes use object detection with the Faster-RCNN. To detect the position of the odometer , isolate and then read the mileage correctly, 220 test images were used and 187 of these images were correctly identified (85% accuracy). The accuracy of object detection on the analog odometer was 98.53% and the accuracy of object detection on the digital odometer was 97.37%. The accuracy of classification of the analog odometer was 83.82% with 85.53% accuracy of classification of the digital odometer. The results of the study demonstrated satisfactory performance that meets the requirements needed for real-life applications in the transportation and logistics industry.
Keywords: Object Detection, Mileage Reading, Faster-RCNN, Freight Vehicles
 
Learning Development Guidelines for Children with Cochlear Implant to Prepare for Early Childhood Learning
Full text link The aims of this research were to study: 1) child development before and after cochlear implantation, 2) child development based on learning theory, language development, and learning of early childhood, 3) family circumstances and approaches to caring for cochlear implant children, and 4) learning development guideline for children with cochlear implant to prepare for their early childhood learning. Using mixed methods research that combines the methods of quantitative and qualitative research. The sample group included 78 parents of children undergoing cochlear implantation from birth to 6 years old. A total of 6 parents and 10 experts involved in cochlear implantation and early childhood learning were key respondents. Data were collected through learning development for children with cochlear implant opinion questionnaire and in-depth interviews by using the structured interview form of learning development guideline. The mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to analyze quantitative data, and content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The results of the quantitative research revealed that: 1) Child development before and after cochlear implantation was found that after surgery (x̄ = 4.14, S.D. = 0.57), the children developed according to the standards of overall desirable characteristic: physical, emotion and mental, social, and intelligence more than before surgery (x̄ = 2.86, S.D. = 0.94), 2) The overall child development based on learning theory, language development, and learning of early childhood was at a high-level (x̄ = 4.05, S.D. = 0.60), the first was the learning of early childhood, followed by the child’s development according to the learning theory, and language development, 3) The results of the research hypothesis test were as follows: 3.1) A comparative analysis of child development (1) child development in overall (before surgery) was no difference, (2) child development in overall (after surgery) was significantly different (p = 0.050) at the 0.050 level, 3.2) A comparative data analysis of child development differences according to learning theory, language development, and early childhood learning classified by children’s age revealed that there was significantly different (p = 0.001) at the 0.050 level. The results of the qualitative research revealed that: 1) The family circumstances and approaches to caring for cochlear implant children revealed that the children were assigned a disabled person’s identification in order to access the right to medical care. Their parents were the income earners for the family. Raising children like normal children according to the doctor’s advices, 2) The learning development guidelines for children with cochlear implant to prepare for their early childhood learning were as follows: 2.1) The appropriate age for children for cochlear implant surgery was less than 3 years old or 4 years old, 2.2) The first period after the cochlear implantation, parents must bring their children to the hospitals every week because children had to be rehabilitated continuously. 2.3) The assessment of the children with cochlear implant to attend regular schools was as follows: (1) the children could speak the language, (2) the children could communicate reasonably, (3) the children could control himself while studying, (4) the children had self-help, and (5) the children could participate in classroom activities.
Keywords: Learning Development Guideline, Cochlear Implantation, Early Childhood Learning, Language Developmen