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การลดความเหลื่อมล้ำในสังคมไทยอย่างยั่งยืน: ว่าด้วยการประกอบสร้างนโยบายสร้างความเข้มแข็งให้องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น
No full text บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาถึงการดำรงอยู่ของปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำในสังคม ตลอดจนสถานการณ์ความเหลื่อมล้ำในสังคมไทย เพื่อนำไปสู่การค้นหาแนวนโยบายสังคมเพื่อลดทอนปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำในสังคมไทยได้อย่างยั่งยืน จากการศึกษางานวิจัย งานวิชาการ และวิทยานิพนธ์ ของนักวิชาการทั้งในและต่างประเทศ รวมถึงงานวิชาการขององค์กรระหว่างประเทศ พบว่า ความเหลื่อมล้ำอาจหมายรวมถึงความไร้ยุติธรรม ไม่เท่าเทียมกัน หรือเต็มไปด้วยความบิดเบี้ยวในทุกๆ ภาคส่วนของสังคมและจะยังคงดำรงอยู่ต่อไป สำหรับประเทศไทยปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำที่อยู่คู่กับสังคมไทยมายาวนานนี้ ปรากฏตัวในหลายรูปแบบซึ่งเป็นผลมาจากความเชื่อมโยงทั้งปัจจัยการพัฒนาอย่างก้าวกระโดด ปัจจัยทางการเมือง เศรษฐกิจ และสังคม แต่กระนั้นยังไม่สามารถหาทางในการแก้ไขปัญหาให้มีความชัดเจนและยั่งยืนได้ นำมาซึ่งความต้องการในการสถาปนาชุดนโยบายสร้างความเข้มแข็งให้องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นทั้งเรื่องงบประมาณ, บุคลากร และการสร้างการเป็นหุ้นส่วนระบบเครือข่าย หากสามารถผลักดันให้รัฐบาลนำไปสู่การเป็นวาระแห่งชาติได้แล้วจะเป็นการลดทอนปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำในสังคมไทยได้อย่างยั่งยืน
คำสำคัญ: ความเหลื่อมล้ำ นโยบาย องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น
This article aimed to study the existence of the inequality problem in the society including a situation of inequality in Thai society so as to seek a social policy guideline to reduce the inequality problem in Thai society in a sustainable manner. Based on studying research papers, academic work and theses of scholars in the country and abroad including academic work of international organizations, it is found that inequality possibly includes injustice, inequity or distortion in every sector of the society and it appears to exist further. In Thailand, inequality problem has been with Thai society for such a long time and appeared in many forms, resulting from connectivity of development factors by leaps and bounds, political, economic, and social factors. However, problem solution has not been found in a clear and sustainable manner, leading to a demand in establishing a set of policies on strengthening local administrative organizations with regard to budget, personnel, and building partnership network. If it can be driven to become a national agenda, it can minimize the inequality problem in Thailand in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Inequality, Policy, Local Administrative Organizatio
Structure and diversity in a permanent plot of Melaleuca forest in rayong botanical garden, Thailand
Get PDF The aim of the study has been to describe the structural and floristic diversity of Melaleuca forest were studied over a 5-yr period at rayong botanical garden, Thailand. Methods structural (stem density, basal area) and floristic characteristics (composition, species diversity and morality rate). All trees > 14 cm DBH in a permanent plot of 100 m × 100 m (1 ha) were censured, in 2016 and 2020. Results, total of 2 trees (DBH ≥14 cm), 115 trees (DBH ≥14-30cm), 18 trees (DBH ≥30-50cm), 358 trees (DBH ≥50-100 cm) and 634 trees (DBH ≥100 cm) belonging to 4 species. The interval 5 years, there was a change of density, basal area and IVI. The species with the highest IVI value are Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake. (294.18=98.06 %) and diversity indices of Shannon-wiener index increased in 2020 (0.18). The forest structure consists of a two story tree layer and the top canopy height of 10 meters and means annual increment of 4.26 % per year. The soil characteristics are loam, sandy loam mixed with silt loam and strongly acid soils (pH 5.14).
 
The Development of Online Training Modules and Internet of things on Vehicle Air Conditioner
Get PDF The objectives of this study were the following: 1) to develop online training modules and use the internet of things(IoT) to enhance technicians’ competency on fixing vehicle air conditioners; the modules were evaluated by 5 experts who were selected by purposive sampling and 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the training modules and the IoT. The participants were 40 Toyota service center technicians selected by cluster random sampling. The statistics used for analysis were mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The tools used were the following: 1) Four training modules (25 sub-units) and the IoT; 2) an achievement test consisted of 3 parts and 40 questions; and 3) A test on repair practice consisted of 20 questions. The following results were obtained: 1) The training modules in combination with the IoT were rated as High quality ( = 4.45, S.D.= 0.47) and 2) The effectiveness of the training modules as shown by the results of the during-the-training test and after-the-training test were 84.63 : 87.71, exceeding the passing criterion of 80 : 80. The developed training course should benefit working technicians of every Toyota service center in Thailand in their diagnosis and repair of vehicle air conditioners.
Keywords: Training Modules, Internet of Things, Problem-Based Learning, Online Training, Vehicle Air Conditione
Arching Patterns in Three Dimensions of Sand Under Vertically Vibrated
Get PDF This research studied the arching patterns of sand in 3D under vertical vibration by considering the vibration conditions such as frequency, amplitude and the dimensionless vibration acceleration. In addition, the mechanism of the system from video recording and object tracking was analyzed. It was found that the frequency and amplitude of the vibrator were set in vertically.Cymatics was described the science of wave phenomena of vibration wave forces.In this experiment the source of sound was connected via a wave driver to the acrylic plate with fine sand strewn on it. Found that, the arching patterns were observed using square plates for frequency 150-180 Hz (grille pattern) and lower 100-140 Hz (corner pattern) and higher octaves 200-250 Hz (concave square pattern). However, the arching patterns are dependent on the dimensions of the plate, and it may be noted that these are kept constant and not varied while conducting the experiments.The variation was consistent. When the frequency was increased, the amplitude decreased. It demonstrated that the lower the system vibration was, the lower the amplitude would be. The Arching patterns of sand depended on the frequency, amplitude and the dimensionless vibration acceleration divided into 3 types: corner, grille and concave square.
Keywords: Archingpatterns, Sand, Vertical vibration, Thedimensionless vibration acceleratio
An Assessment of Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for day spa services in Eastern Thailand: A Case Study in Chonburi, Rayong, and Trad Provinces
Get PDF Day spa services have become increasingly popular as people have become more interested in health and wellness due to a rapid increase in the older population, and also because the travel and tourism sectors are constantly offering these services. We conducted research to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of day spa services from twelve spas in three Eastern provinces in Thailand: Chonburi, Rayong, and Trad. The system boundary was from cradle to grave, starting from raw material acquisition, progressing to the spa service, and finishing with the waste disposal stage. The functional unit was one body spa package per person. The results showed that day spa services had GHG emissions of 5.76 kg CO2 eq/person (ranging from 3.54 to 9.69 kg CO2 eq/person). The net GHG emissions for each stage of the day spa services were as follows: service (84.70%), laundry (9.27%), waste disposal (5.82%) and transportation (0.22%). The service stage had the highest impact on overall GHG emissions, mostly due to electricity consumption from air conditioners and electrical equipment. Possible ways to reduce this service electricity usage included maintaining the air conditioners regularly, installing insulation in ceilings and walls, producing hot water either from solar or air conditioner sources, replacing incandescent bulbs with LED ones, and planting trees around the buildings. In addition, application of the 3R concept, (reduce, reuse and recycle), in the use of materials may not only help mitigate the emissions, but also minimize waste disposal, landfill, and the cost of excess resources used by day spa services.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment, Greenhouse gas emissions, Day spa, Spa service, Thailan
