Naresuan University Journal
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The Utilization of Napier Grass Stems for Cd(II) Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution: Process Optimization Studies Using Response Surface Methodology
No full text The aim of this research was to study the utilization of Napier grass stems (NGS) as an adsorbent for removing Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of adsorbency indicated that adsorption could occur via electrostatic interaction between metal ions and active functional groups on the rough surfaces of the adsorbent. The conditions of the adsorption process were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The three variables in this study were pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage, which were decided by the Central Composite Design (CCD), while the response was considered by the adsorption capacity. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the proposed model was significant in response, precision, and reliability. The maximum adsorption capacity was 5.90 mg g-1 in a solution with a pH of 5.83, an initial concentration of 50.00 mg L-1, and with an adsorbent dosage of 0.10 g. It was found that the initial concentration of Cadmium solution and adsorbent dosage had a significant effect on the adsorption capacity. The equilibrium process of Cadmium adsorption was well-described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2=0.9918), and the adsorption kinetic corresponded to the pseudo-second order model (R2=0.9990). In addition, thermodynamic studies illustrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and non-spontaneous in nature. In summary, it was proved to be feasible that Napier grass stems could be used as an alternative and sustainable adsorbent for removing Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
Keywords: adsorption isotherm, kinetic study, napier grass stems, optimization, response surface methodology, thermodynamic stud
A Study of Potential and Development of Community Products in Mae Hong Son Province
No full text This research project aims to analyze the production potential and marketing of Mae Hong Son province’s community enterprise, in order to develop its competitive abilities. The sample group in this study consisted of 150 entrepreneurs, community enterprises, suppliers, purchasers, government agencies and officers in Mae Hong Son province. The target group was created with a purposive sampling method. This study could be defined as qualitative research. In addition, this research employs Content Analysis, SWOT Analysis, PEST Analysis, Nine Cell Matrix, and TOWS Matrix as analytical tools. The research found that the overall potentials of Mae Hong Son province’s community enterprise reflected on the average levels of inner strength and the environmental reaction. In terms of strategy for competitiveness, Mae Hong Son province’s community enterprise includes the following: 1) Maxi-Maxi strategy which consists of strengthening Mae Hong Son province’s community enterprise, promoting manufacturing and organic and environmental-friendly quality verification, encouraging participation in government’s exhibition continuously, building and expanding the product distribution center, dispensing the products within and outside of Mae Hong Son province, supporting the cooperation among local wisdom and new technology. 2) Mini-Maxi strategy, which consists of networking with educational academies and government agencies in order to gain ideas and knowledge about technology, administration, marketing plan, and product development to differentiate community enterprise from the competitors, and creating public relations that raise the sales of Mae Hong Son products domestically and internationally. 3) Maxi-Mini strategy which consists of the study of consumer’s demand and encouraging environmental friendly production, and 4) Mini-Mini strategy which consists of technological development for an increase in production processes with the cooperation among government agencies. Base on strategy formulation, it could be taken into developing the potential of community enterprises in Mae Hong Son province in order to create a competitive advantage for advance commercial product development.
Keywords: Community Enterprise, Community Enterprise Strategy, Internal and External Factor Analysis, Mae Hong Son Provinc
บทเรียน PISA กับการนำไปใช้ประโยชน์ในกระบวนการเรียนรู้คณิตศาสตร์ระดับประถมศึกษา
No full text ความสามารถทางการเรียนคณิตศาสตร์ของเด็กไทยในทุกระดับชั้นมีผลการประเมินอยู่ในกลุ่มต่ำสุดเมื่อเทียบกับวิชาอื่นๆ โดยเฉพาะในส่วนที่ประเมินการคิดและแก้ปัญหา ครูผู้สอนคณิตศาสตร์ระดับประถมศึกษาส่วนใหญ่ยังขาดความเชื่อมั่น และความสามารถเพียงพอที่จะนำทักษะกระบวนการทางคณิตศาสตร์ ซึ่งเป็นหัวใจของการสอนคณิตศาสตร์เข้าไปสอดแทรกในการสอนเนื้อหาคณิตศาสตร์ทั้ง 3 สาระที่หลักสูตรการศึกษาของชาติกำหนดไว้ได้ และจากการประเมินผลนักเรียนนานาชาติ หรือ PISA ได้ทำการประเมินความสามารถของกลุ่มตัวอย่างนักเรียนไทย อายุ 15 ปี ทางด้านคณิตศาสตร์ปี 2015 นักเรียนไทยได้คะแนนเฉลี่ยเพียง 415 ต่ำกว่าคะแนนเฉลี่ยของ OECD คือ 490 คะแนน เป็นสิ่งบ่งชี้ได้ว่าคุณภาพการศึกษาของไทยยังต่ำกว่ามาตรฐานค่อนข้างมาก แนวทางหนึ่งที่จะช่วยยกระดับความสามารถด้านคณิตศาสตร์ของนักเรียนไทย คือ การนำบทเรียน PISA เข้าไปใช้ในกระบวนการเรียนการสอนคณิตศาสตร์ตั้งแต่ระดับประถมศึกษา บทเรียน PISA เป็นแบบฝึกทักษะกระบวนการทางคณิตศาสตร์ ที่สร้างให้สอดรับกับแนวข้อสอบของ PISA โดยไม่เน้นการประเมินด้านเนื้อหา (Content) เพียงด้านเดียว แต่ให้ความสำคัญกับด้านกระบวนการทางคณิตศาสตร์ (Process) และด้านสถานการณ์หรือบริบท (Contexts) ควบคู่กันไป หลังจากนำบทเรียน PISA ไปใช้กับกลุ่มตัวอย่างนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 4 จำนวน 850 คน พบว่า กลุ่มตัวอย่างมีคะแนนความสามารถด้านทักษะกระบวนการทางคณิตศาสตร์สูงขึ้นอย่างมีนัยสำคัญที่ระดับ 0.05
คำสำคัญ: บทเรียน PISA ทักษะกระบวนการทางคณิตศาสตร์ กระบวนการเรียนรู้คณิตศาสตร์
Thai students’ mathematical abilities in every level of education have been found the lowest comparing with other subjects, especially thinking and problem solving skill. Mathematics teachers still lack confidence and adequate ability to adapt mathematical process skills, which are the heart of teaching mathematics, into teaching three contents of mathematics as defined by The National Education Curriculum. According to the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the result from the sample group of 15-year old Thai students was found that their mathematical literacy average score in 2015 was only 415, which is lower than the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average score that is 490. This result indicates that Thailand’s education quality is significantly lower than the standard. One of the methods to improve Thai students’ mathematical abilities is to apply PISA Lesson into mathematics learning process since elementary level. The PISA lesson is the mathematical process skills practice which is designed to respond the PISA test. This lesson does not focus only on content, but also on the process and contexts. After the PISA Lesson had instructed, the ability of mathematical process skills of 850 Grade-4 students was significantly higher than of those before they were instructed at the 0.05 significant level.
Keywords: PISA Lesson, Mathematical Process Skill, Mathematics Learning Proces
5 Years Follow-up of Tak Protocol in Stone Recurrence/Regrowth after Kidney Stones Removal
No full text Kidney stone is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Nephrocalcinosis or renal crystal deposition can lead to progressive loss of GFR that increase rate of complication and hospitalization. This research aims to evaluate 5-years follow-up of Tak Protocol in stone recurrence/regrowth, complication, hospitalization and reintervention after stone removal, compare with patients who loss follow-up. A retrospective cohort study of 106 patients with renal stone who after stone removal intervention were enrolled. All patients were divided in two groups. The protocol group (N = 70) was defined in patients who following up consistently through 5 years, and the loss follow-up group (N=36) serving as controls. Plain films KUB were used to detect stone recurrence and regrowth through 5-years follow-up. Complication, hospitalization and reintervention were reviewed from electronic medical recording database. 106 patients complete 5-years follow-up observation period. The average ages were 53.6 and 48.4 years for the protocol and loss follow-up groups, respectively. Most of 28 patients (40.0%) of protocol and 16 patients (44.4%) of loss follow-up were hypertension, whereas 25 patients (35.7%) and 15 patient (41.7%) were no underlying disease. In the stone free group, 90.5% of protocol group and 9.5% of loss follow-up group were still stone free at 60 months. In comparison with loss follow-up, stone free rate was 8.88(95%CI; 2.33-33.88, p<0.001) in protocol group. As a results of the residual stone group, protocol were 7.33(95%CI; 1.06-50.60, p=0.006) in stone free rate. Stone recurrence/size increased was found in 9.5% and 84.6% of protocol and loss follow-up group, while the result of stone size unchanged/decreased was no significant different in statistic. The recurrence and regrowth rates at one, two, three, four and five years were 2.39, 1.23, 0.84, 0.98 and 0.54 per 1,000 patient-months in the protocol group and were 7.11, 14.84, 6.57, 1.22 and 6.61 per 1,000 patient-months in the loss follow-up group, the IRR was 2.97 in the first year after intervention. The stone recurrence and regrowth were found in five years follow-up. Loss follow-up group was a higher rate than Tak protocol group. In conclusion, patient who has history of stone removal should be encouraged for lifestyle modification and made the appointment for following up at least 5 years. This protocol was shown the benefit in reducing complication and hospitalization rate.
Keywords: 5 Years follow-up, Tak protocol, Stone recurrence, Kidney stones remova
Learning Management Guidelines to Enhance Creative Problem Solving of Pre-Service Teachers
No full text This research aimed to study learning management guideline to enhance creative problem solving of pre-service teachers. There were two phases of the study. First, the researcher analyzed the related documents: researches, books and five Specialists. Research instruments were component synthesis form and suitability assessment form. Second, the fieldwork was applied for authentic study: three academics were Chulalongkorn University, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, and Lamplaimat Pattana School. Research instruments were teaching activities, observation form, interview form, relations analysis form and suitability assessment form. The results showed that: The components for creative problem solving of pre-service teachers consisted of five components; (1) fact finding, (2) problem finding, (3) idea finding, (4) solution finding and (5) acceptance finding. The syntax of teaching to enhance creative problem solving of pre-service teachers had five steps; Step 1: study information to enhance fact finding, Step 2: problem identification to enhance problem finding, Step 3: generate ideas to enhance idea finding, Step 4: choose the right idea to enhance solution finding and Step 5: implement to enhance acceptance finding.
Keywords: Problem Solving Skills, Learning Management, Pre-Service Teacher
Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Growth, Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Hedychium speciosum and H. coronarium
No full text Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient element for plant growth and the synthesis of many secondary metabolites. Plants typically obtain inorganic N in form of NH4+ and NO3-. Two Hedychium species were grown in nutrient solutions modified from Smart and Barko (1985). The experiment consists of three N forms; NH4+, NH4+NO3-, NO3- and control (no N form) with the same concentration of nitrogen (500 µM) for 60 days. Destructive sampling was done and morphology was recorded. Total phenolic content (TPC) was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu method while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Different nitrogen forms have significantly (p ≤0.05) affected plant height, root numbers, root number and total biomass between two Hedychium species. H. speciosum had height new shoot, leaf number, root number and total biomass in NH4+ supply. H. coronarium had height, leaf number, root number and total biomass in NH4+NO3- supply. Total phenolic contents both species were increased by NH4+ supply. H. speciosum were accumulate total phenolic content in the leaves 21.55 mg.g-1 GAE was lower than in H. coronarium 43.49 mg.g-1GAE, but in stem of the H. speciosum were accumulate total phenolic content 25.08 mg.g-1GAE was lower than in H. coronarium 20.66 mg.g-1GAE. NH4+ supply increased antioxidant activity with DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity.
Keywords: Phenolic content, Antioxidant activity, Nitrogen forms, Hedychium species, Growth, Morpholog