Naresuan University Journal
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The epidemiology of self-harm in a UK-wide primary care patient cohort, 2001-2013.
No full textBACKGROUND: Most of the research conducted on people who harm themselves has been undertaken in secondary healthcare settings. Little is known about the frequency of self-harm in primary care patient populations. This is the first study to describe the epidemiology of self-harm presentations to primary care using broadly representative national data from across the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), we calculated directly standardised rates of incidence and annual presentation during 2001-2013. Rates were compared by gender and age and across the nations of the UK, and also by degree of socioeconomic deprivation measured ecologically at general practice level. RESULTS: We found significantly elevated rates in females vs. males for incidence (rate ratio - RR, 1.45, 95 % confidence interval - CI, 1.42-1.47) and for annual presentation (RR 1.56, CI 1.54-1.58). An increasing trend over time in incidence was apparent for males (P
Nonlinear non-Markovian model of subdiffusive transport with chemotaxis
No full textThe purpose of this work is to propose a nonlinear non-Markovian model of subdiffusive transport that involves chemotactic substance affecting the cells at all time, not only during the jump. This leads the random waiting time to be dependent on the chemotactic gradient, making the escape rates also dependent on the gradient as well as the nonlinear density dependence. We systematically derive subdiffusive fractional master equation, then we consider the diffusive limit of the fractional master equation. We finally solve the resulting fractional subdiffusive master equation stationery and analyse the role of the chemotactic gradient in the resulting stationary density with a constant and a quadratic chemotactic gradient
A dynamic approach to identification of multiple harmonic sources in power distribution systems
No full textThis paper provides a novel algorithm for identifying harmonic sources in power distribution systems. This algorithm is developed based on an observer design to carry out harmonic estimation for a combination of suspicious nodes. The estimation error is analysed to determine the existence of harmonic sources in the specified node combinations. This approach is used to determine the source of both single and multiple harmonic sources in distribution systems with time varying load parameters. For systems with a large number of suspicious nodes, the system may be divided into sub-systems and the algorithm is applied to each sub-system to identify the harmonic sources present. Simulations are carried out on a benchmark IEEE distribution test feeder for both single and multiple harmonic sources and a number of scenarios are simulated to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach. The results show that the node combinations which represent the harmonic sources yield an estimation error which approaches zero asymptotically
A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods with an aberrant coral-like morphology
No full textApoptosis or Senescence? Which exit route do epithelial cells and fibroblasts preferentially follow?
No full textWishful Thinking? Inside the Black Box of Exposure Assessment.
No full textBACKGROUND: Decision-making processes used by experts when undertaking occupational exposure assessment are relatively unknown, but it is often assumed that there is a common underlying method that experts employ. However, differences in training and experience of assessors make it unlikely that one general method for expert assessment would exist. Therefore, there are concerns about formalizing, validating, and comparing expert estimates within and between studies that are difficult, if not impossible, to characterize. Heuristics on the other hand (the processes involved in decision making) have been extensively studied. Heuristics are deployed by everyone as short-cuts to make the often complex process of decision-making simpler, quicker, and less burdensome. Experts' assessments are often subject to various simplifying heuristics as a way to reach a decision in the absence of sufficient data. Therefore, investigating the underlying heuristics or decision-making processes involved may help to shed light on the 'black box' of exposure assessment. METHODS: A mixed method study was conducted utilizing both a web-based exposure assessment exercise incorporating quantitative and semiqualitative elements of data collection, and qualitative semi-structured interviews with exposure assessors. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five experts completed the web-based exposure assessment exercise and 8 of these 25 were randomly selected to participate in the follow-up interview. Familiar key themes relating to the exposure assessment exercise emerged; 'intensity'; 'probability'; 'agent'; 'process'; and 'duration' of exposure. However, an important aspect of the detailed follow-up interviews revealed a lack of structure and order with which participants described their decision making. Participants mostly described some form of an iterative process, heavily relying on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic, which differed between experts. CONCLUSION: In spite of having undertaken comparable training (in occupational hygiene or exposure assessment), experts use different methods to assess exposure. Decision making appears to be an iterative process with heavy reliance on the key heuristic of anchoring and adjustment. Using multiple experts to assess exposure while providing some form of anchoring scenario to build from, and additional training in understanding the impact of simple heuristics on the process of decision making, is likely to produce a more methodical approach to assessment; thereby improving consistency and transparency in expert exposure assessment
Brain inflammation and psoriasis: a [11C]-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study
No full textPsoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 2% of the population.1 It is associated with multiple comorbidities including arthritis, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome and as such is widely regarded as a systemic inflammatory condition.2 Depression is also overrepresented in psoriasis3 and may itself have a systemic inflammatory component to its aetiology.4 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Preschoolers use common ground in their justificatory reasoning with peers
No full textIn the context of joint decision-making, we investigated whether preschoolers alter the informativeness of their justifications depending on the common ground that they share with their partner. Pairs of 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 146) were introduced to a novel animal with unique characteristics (e.g., eating rocks). In the common ground condition, the children learned about the animal together. In the one-expert condition, one learned about it, the other was naïve. In the two-experts condition, children learned about it separately. Later, the pairs had to decide together on 3 items that the novel animal might need. Both age groups referred to the unique characteristics of the animal in their justifications more in the 2 conditions without common ground than in the common ground condition. Thus, preschoolers begin to use common ground flexibly in their justifications and reason-giving in peer interactions. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved
Saving Face (Εὐπροσωπέω): Concern for Honour in the Argument of Galatians
No full textThe importance of Galatians 6.12-18 has been well-attested in Pauline scholarship since Betz’ 1979 commentary. Yet most have failed to make more than passing reference to Paul’s objection that his opponents are motivated by a concern for reputation (εὐπροσωπέω – 6.12). Recent interpreters, Winter (1994) and Hardin (2008), have considered this term in its Roman legal context without particularly affecting the interpretation of the epistle. However, social-scientific readings of the New Testament (Malina 1983), including Galatians (Esler (1998), Nanos (2001)), have highlighted the overt role that competition for honour played in face-to-face cultures such as the ancient Mediterranean. This paper will consider the interpretive possibilities created by using an honour model to argue for the importance of εὐπροσωπέω to both this passage and a coherent reading of the letter. This approach will highlight how Paul has juxtaposed his opponents’ concern for reputation against God’s disregard for reputation (2:6) as a method of theologically and morally defining the social norms of the Galatian church. The paper will conclude by supporting continued consideration of honour concerns in the Pauline literature, even when not immediately apparent to interpreters