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A Meta-analysis of Seafood Species Mislabeling in the United States
Get PDFSeafood is vulnerable to mislabeling due to complex global supply chains, varying prices, and the similar appearance of species. While numerous studies have been published on seafood mislabeling, the focus is often on species known to be commonly substituted. Therefore, the overall mislabeling rates of seafood sold in the U.S. remain unknown, especially for the most consumed species. The objective of the current study was to compile the results of seafood mislabeling studies into a single resource to provide informative statistics on U.S. seafood mislabeling. A meta-analysis was conducted on U.S. seafood mislabeling studies that tested commercial samples of bony fish (Osteichthyes) and shellfish from 2010 to 2023. A total of 35 studies, including 4179 samples from 32 U.S. states, were analyzed. The overall mislabeling rate was 39.1%, with the majority (60.9%) of samples correctly labeled. Species substitution was observed in 26.2% of samples, followed by unacceptable market names (17.1%) and conflicting market names (1.1%). The sum of the rates for individual mislabeling categories is greater than the overall rate because some samples were assigned to multiple categories. The top 10 consumed seafoods reported by the National Fisheries Institute for 2021 had a mislabeling rate of 31.0%, compared to 53.0% for the most frequently investigated species. The species substitution rate for the top 10 consumed seafoods was 13.9%, compared to 42.5% for frequently investigated species. The results of this investigation provide comprehensive information on seafood mislabeling in the U.S., with the potential to influence policy decisions and inform outreach efforts
How To Discipline Financial Markets: Reputation Is Not Enough
Get PDFHistorically, shocks originating in the financial sector often spilled over into the real sector with dramatic consequences. We study in the lab how interventions targeting disclosure and capital requirements of financial intermediaries can reduce insolvencies or prevent their negative effects from propagating to the broader economy. In our two-sector economy, consumers and producers can fund financial intermediaries, who, in turn, provide them with liquidity to settle trades. However, intermediaries may undertake risky investments and become insolvent, which depresses real economic activity. In the experiment, insolvencies were frequent. As a consequence, consumers and producers often refused to fund intermediaries, which lowered the trade volume. Imposing the disclosure of risky investments did not reduce risk-taking and insolvencies. Instead, imposing capital requirements prevented insolvencies from disrupting real economic activity, thus boosting financial intermediation and trade
The Enactive Nature of the Relationship between Criticism and Aesthetics: From Practice to Theory to Pedagogy
Get PDFThis article delves into the intricate relationship between criticism and aesthetics, emphasizing its enactive nature. It explores how this relationship informs pedagogy and has culminated in the creation of an innovative undergraduate aesthetics course centered around the practice of writing critiques. Moreover, it illustrates the dynamic process through which practice gives rise to theory, subsequently influencing pedagogical approaches, and, intriguingly, circling back to practice. To elucidate this flow of ideas across the realms of practice, theory, and pedagogy, we introduce several key concepts. These include the paradigm of creation research, also known as practice as research, which forms the foundation for much of our exploration. Additionally, we delve into the paradigm of enaction, inspired by the work of Francisco Varela in the cognitive sciences, to shed light on the cognitive processes underpinning our study. This article is the culmination of nearly a decade of interdisciplinary research that traverses the domains of creation research, enaction, phenomenology, criticism, aesthetics, and pedagogy. Throughout this journey, we have sought to unravel the intricate connections between criticism and aesthetics, ultimately paving the way for an innovative approach to teaching aesthetics at the undergraduate level
Review: \u3cem\u3eScience for Governing Japan’s Population\u3c/em\u3e, by Aya Homei
Get PDFA review of Science for Governing Japan’s Population, by Aya Homei
Hinduism for Women: Present and Future Prospects for Socio-spiritual Emancipation
No full textThis chapter explores the nuanced ways actual women, past and present, low-caste and high, in different regions and religious communities, creatively inhabit Hindu worlds, negotiating and resisting dharmic gender normativity and Brahminical religious authorities to varying degrees. The focus herein is on Hindu norms, narratives, rituals, and exemplars that serve as resources for alternately reinforcing and negotiating gendered identities and lives and potentially for transforming gendered personal relations and the broader social ethos within Hindu communities. Creative engagement with myth, legend, and hagiography are examined, with particular focus on Sita and the innovative potential inherent in oral narrative and song traditions. The religious lives of householder women (including domestic rituals, bhakti devotion, and both informal and priestly forms of leadership) are discussed as well as the contributions of contemporary women saints, sadhus and gurus, some drawing precedent from figures like Mirabai and others identified as incarnations of the Divine Mother.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/religious_studies_books/1013/thumbnail.jp
Scaling Individual Tree Transpiration With Thermal Cameras Reveals Interspecies Differences to Drought Vulnerability
Get PDFUnderstanding tree transpiration variability is vital for assessing ecosystem water-use efficiency and forest health amid climate change, yet most landscape-level measurements do not differentiate individual trees. Using canopy temperature data from thermal cameras, we estimated the transpiration rates of individual trees at Harvard Forest and Niwot Ridge. PT-JPL model was used to derive latent heat flux from thermal images at the canopy-level, showing strong agreement with tower measurements (R2 = 0.70–0.96 at Niwot, 0.59–0.78 at Harvard at half-hourly to monthly scales) and daily RMSE of 33.5 W/m2 (Niwot) and 52.8 W/m2 (Harvard). Tree-level analysis revealed species-specific responses to drought, with lodgepole pine exhibiting greater tolerance than Engelmann spruce at Niwot and red oak showing heightened resistance than red maple at Harvard. These findings show how ecophysiological differences between species result in varying responses to drought and demonstrate that these responses can be characterized by deriving transpiration from crown temperature measurements
Duration, Cost, and Escalation of Care Events for Physical Therapy Management of Low Back Pain in Service Members With Limb Loss
Get PDFIntroduction Physical therapy (PT) is recommended as a primary treatment for low back pain (LBP), a common and impactful musculoskeletal condition after limb loss. The purpose of this brief report is to report the duration and cost of PT care, and subsequent escalation of care events, for LBP in service members with and without limb loss. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort, descriptive study. Service members with and without limb loss (matched) who received PT for LBP at a military treatment facility from 2015 to 2017 were included. Duration of PT care, number of PT visits, and escalation of care events 1 year after PT were extracted from medical records. Escalation of care events was identified as epidural steroid injections, referrals to specialists (e.g., orthopedists, spine surgeons, and pain management), and LBP-related hospitalizations.
LBP-related PT encounters were queried; duration of care, number of visits, and cost of care were quantified. Escalation of care events, including opioid prescription, epidural steroid injections, specialty referrals, and hospitalizations, were identified up to 1 year after PT care.
Results
The average course of PT care for LBP was 12.9 more visits, 48.7 days longer, and $764.50 more expensive in service members with limb loss (n = 16) vs. those without limb loss (n = 48). Higher rates of opioid prescriptions and specialty referrals were observed in service members with limb loss.
Conclusions
This study suggests that service members with limb loss and LBP received higher quantities and longer durations of PT than those without limb loss, yielding a nearly 4 times higher cost of PT
Examining Wildfire Dynamics Using ECOSTRESS Data with Machine Learning Approaches: The Case of South-Eastern Australia\u27s Black Summer
Get PDFWildfires are increasing in risk and prevalence. The most destructive wildfires in decades in Australia occurred in 2019–2020. However, there is still a challenge in developing effective models to understand the likelihood of wildfire spread (susceptibility) and pre-fire vegetation conditions. The recent launch of NASA\u27s ECOSTRESS presents an opportunity to monitor fire dynamics with a high resolution of 70 m by measuring ecosystem stress and drought conditions preceding wildfires. We incorporated ECOSTRESS data, vegetation indices, rainfall, and topographic data as independent variables and fire events as dependent variables into machine learning algorithms applied to the historic Australian wildfires of 2019–2020. With these data, we predicted over 90% of all wildfire occurrences 1 week ahead of these wildfire events. Our models identified vegetation conditions with a 3-week time lag before wildfire events in the fourth week and predicted the probability of wildfire occurrences in the subsequent week (fifth week). ECOSTRESS water use efficiency (WUE) consistently emerged as the leading factor in all models predicting wildfires. Results suggest that the pre-fire vegetation was affected by wildfires in areas with WUE above 2 g C kg−1 H₂O at 95% probability level. Additionally, the ECOSTRESS evaporative stress index and topographic slope were identified as significant contributors in predicting wildfire susceptibility. These results indicate a significant potential for ECOSTRESS data to predict and analyze wildfires and emphasize the crucial role of drought conditions in wildfire events, as evident from ECOSTRESS data. Our approaches developed in this study and outcome can help policymakers, fire managers, and city planners assess, manage, prepare, and mitigate wildfires in the future
Detection of Seismic Microwave Radiation Anomalies in Snow-Covered Mountainous Terrain: Insights From Two Recent Earthquakes in the Pamir–Tien Shan Region
Get PDFWhen earthquakes occur in high-mountain areas during the winter season, the epicentral region is often covered by a snow layer, which can be either thin or thick. The presence of snow and/or ice layers affects the detection of thermal anomalies associated with seismic signals. Taking into account the penetration capabilities of microwaves, microwave brightness temperature data were analyzed by using the index of microwave radiation anomaly to study the response of the epicentral region associated with two recent strong earthquakes in Central Asia, which occurred in snow-covered mountainous areas. Increased microwave radiation was observed within one week prior to the earthquakes. By conducting a comparative analysis of different frequencies and a comprehensive examination of meteorological parameters, we distinguished anomalies caused by tectonic activity from those induced by atmospheric water vapor. A robustness analysis from the periods of seismic tranquility and seismic disturbance has been conducted to validate our results. Our findings suggest that regions with less snow cover or shallow snow depth may exhibit high sensitivity to seismic microwave radiation anomalies in high-altitude mountainous areas during the cold season, which can be detected through passive microwave remote sensing. Combined with a further analysis from microwave polarization difference index and distribution of regional lithology, we proposed that the theory of positive holes may be the dominant mechanism for enhanced microwave radiation