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The Conceptual Foundations of Innate Immunity: Taking Stock 30 Years Later
No full textWhile largely neglected over decades during which adaptive immunity captured most of the attention, innate immune mechanisms have now become central to our understanding of immunology. Innate immunity provides the first barrier to infection in vertebrates, and it is the sole mechanism of host defense in invertebrates and plants. Innate immunity also plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis, shaping the microbiota, and in disease contexts such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and aging. The emergence of the field of innate immunity has led to an expanded view of the immune system, which is no longer restricted to vertebrates and instead concerns all metazoans, plants, and even prokaryotes. The study of innate immunity has given rise to new concepts and language. Here, we review the history and definition of the core concepts of innate immunity, discussing their value and fruitfulness in the long run
Black History Month: A Digital Library Exhibit
No full textBlack History Month was established through the efforts of Carter G. Woodson and the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), marking its beginning in 1926 with a week dedicated to celebrating the significant contributions of African Americans. This celebration was strategically scheduled to coincide with the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, sparking the formation of Black history clubs and advocacy for increased educational content on African American achievements. Evolving into a month-long observance in 1976, during America\u27s bicentennial, President Gerald R. Ford urged the nation to recognize and honor the often overlooked accomplishments of Black Americans across all fields. This initiative has grown, with each subsequent U.S. president issuing annual proclamations in support of Black History Month. In this digital display, we highlight the contributions of African American pioneers in medicine and provide helpful resources to support the health of African American communities
Increasing Student Success: A Developmental Approach
No full textJust as spring brings the promise of new life, the new year brings hope for a new beginning. It provides an opportunity to identify aspects of the previous year that brought joy and fulfillment, pinpoint unmet goals, and consider how you might do better moving forward. A new academic term offers a similar opportunity for continuous growth and fulfillment. After four decades of such reflection, I am keenly aware that understanding effective teaching strategies, the students I serve, and how learning works requires my constant attention. As the director of a Center for Teaching and Learning, I have a window into how many faculty think about teaching, learning, and preparing for a new course/term. If you are like most of those with whom I work, you spend hours identifying the desired learning outcomes, essential understandings and skills, and appropriate materials. This then leads to countless hours of designing assessments and learning experiences. This is critical work. Increasing student success requires tight alignment across course learning outcomes, assessments, and planned learning experiences, but why, after all the hours spent planning for student success, do large numbers of students still struggle in college? When it comes to increasing rates of student achievement, satisfaction, and graduation, what really makes the difference
The Dynamics of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
No full textSince Iran\u27s Islamic revolution in 1978, there has been a notable shift in how the country engages with the global community. This paper explores this transformation within the context of Iran\u27s nuclear program, focusing on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) signed in Vienna in July 2015. Involving major world powers and Iran, the JCPOA aimed to ensure Iran\u27s nuclear program remains peaceful by setting specific limits, removing sanctions, and establishing monitoring mechanisms. This research examines the historical context, negotiation timeline and complexities, operationalization impact, challenges during implementation, and the JCPOA\u27s geopolitical implications. Additionally, it analyzes subsequent developments, including the US withdrawal, ensuing tensions, and diplomatic efforts to salvage the agreement. Employing qualitative research methodology, this study contributes to understanding multilateral approaches to nuclear proliferation challenges and the balance between diplomacy and geopolitical realities
Cognitive Abilities and Individual Earnings in Hybrid Continuous Double Auctions
Get PDFThere is growing evidence that human cognitive abilities strongly influence individual trader financial performance. Much of this evidence has been established in experimental asset markets whose participants are exclusively human traders. However, algorithmic trading has reshaped financial markets, raising the issue of whether these assessments on the impact of cognititive abilities still hold in these settings, particularly in markets with low latency algorithmic traders. Extending previous findings in experimental asset markets, we examine how individual cognitive abilities—reaction time, trader intuition (Theory of Mind), and cognitive reflection—affect human earnings in induced demand and supply markets with and without algorithmic traders of varying speed. We find that a faster reaction time improves performance in human-only markets but reduces performance in hybrid settings. Cognitive reflection improves outcomes in slower environments, especially for sellers, but shows mixed effects in markets with lower latency algorithmic traders. Notably, higher Theory of Mind is often negatively associated with buyer earnings, contrasting prior findings of beneficial and complementary effects in asset markets. Our results highlight that the impact of cognitive abilities on trading performance depends on market composition, trader role, and the presence and speed of algorithmic traders
Improving the Proof of the Born Rule Using a Physical Requirement on the Dynamics of Quantum Particles
Get PDFWe propose a complete proof of the Born rule using an additional postulate stating that for a short enough time Δt between two measurements, a property of a particle will keep its values fixed. This dynamical postulate allows us to produce the Born rule in its explicit form by improving the result given in [1]. While the proposed postulate is still not part of the quantum mechanics postulates, every experiment obeys it, and it cannot be deduced using the standard postulates of quantum mechanics