37495 research outputs found
Sort by
Money and Social Exclusion in Networks
No full textGlobalization offers unparalleled opportunities to expand welfare through cooperation across large networks of unrelated individuals. Social exclusion – permanent or temporary – and monetary exchange are institutions that in theory can incentivize cooperation. In an experiment, we evaluate their relative performance and interaction in anonymous networks of different sizes. Permanent social exclusion (ostracism) reduces long-run economic potential by leading to sparse networks. Monetary exchange and temporary social exclusion perform similarly well in small networks. In large networks, however, monetary exchange is the only institution that promotes full cooperation by crowding out ostracism and keeping the network complete. An insight is that monetary systems outperform social exclusion mechanisms in promoting cooperation in globalized social and economic networks
Differentiation and Certain Operators on Scaled Sectional Hypercomplex Numbers
Get PDFIn this paper, we study certain sectional structures of the t-scaled hypercomplex numbers Ht for a scale t ∈ R, including the quaternions H-1, and the split quaternions H1. For a fixed scale t ∈ R, by defining the collection St of certain pureimaginary t-scaled hypercomplex number in Ht , we sectionize Ht from the imaginaries of St. We concentrate on a section SHIt for an arbitrarily fixed imaginary It ∈ St , called the t-scaled section for It. Differentiation theory on the section SHIt is studied in terms of that on Ht by regarding SHIt as a sub-structure of Ht . Also, some functional vector spaces induced by SHIt over the real field R are constructed and analyzed. And then an interesting type of operators on one of our vector spaces is considered. In particular, we are interested in Toeplitz-like operators. The main tool to do them is the isomorphic relation between SHIt and the t-scaled hyperbolics Dt , for “all” It ∈ St , for any scale t ∈ R
The Influence of Narrative Point of View in Fanfiction on Character Identification and Parasocial Romantic Attraction
Get PDFThis study examines how narrative point of view influences character identification and parasocial romantic feelings in fan fiction. In order to conduct this research, an experiment was conducted in which participants read fan fiction about their chosen media figure (celebrity or fictional character) written in one of three perspectives: first-person self-insert, third-person self-insert, or third-person original character. Participants then responded to a series of questions regarding identification and physical and emotional parasocial romantic attraction. Following statistical analysis of the survey data, the study yielded results that indicate that there are stronger levels of identification and physical parasocial romantic attraction when reading first-person self-insert fan fiction compared to the third-person alternatives. These findings contribute to our understanding of how narrative perspective influences parasocial relationships in fan communities and suggest that first-person narratives may be particularly effective at fostering higher levels of identification and physical parasocial attraction
Assessing Buprenorphine Treatment Utilization and SAMHSA DATA Waiver Provider Distribution in 2021: A Real-World Analysis in California
No full textQualified clinicians previously required a practitioner waiver (i.e., “DATA-waiver” or X-waiver ) to offer buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, many counties in the US experience fewer buprenorphine prescriptions due to factors such as “DATA-waiver” providers underutilizing their buprenorphine prescribing ability. Our study aimed to compare the availability of active buprenorphine-prescribing clinicians in California to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA)-listed DATA waived prescribers under each 5-digit ZIP Code. This study utilized the buprenorphine prescription record data in 2021 from California’s Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES). The list of the locators for all DATA-waiver clinicians was obtained from the SAMHSA webpage. Among 1,600 ZIP Codes where patients resided, 62.1% housed DATA-waived physicians, and 57.8% had active buprenorphine-prescribing clinicians. A disproportional distribution between buprenorphine-prescribing clinicians and DATA-waived physicians was evident. Among physicians listed in the SAMHSA roster, not all were actively prescribing buprenorphine. Significant disparities in access to active prescribers and DATA waiver prescribers persist between rural and urban areas in California. Addressing these issues requires resource allocation and inter-professional collaboration. The 2022 Omnibus bill’s policy changes hold promise, necessitating further effort into OUD-based policy changes
Bibliography for AI 2.0: Is AI a Tool, a Threat, or a Teammate?
Get PDFA bibliography created to support a display about AI 2.0 in August 2025 at the Leatherby Libraries at Chapman University
Prison-Breaking from Plato\u27s Cave
No full textThis article examines the philosophical significance of nature (ϕύσις) in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. The word is used in the protasis of the conditional clause at 515bc where Socrates proposes to inquire into ‘what the manner of the release and healing from these bonds and this folly would be if in the course of nature (ϕύσϵι) something of this sort should happen to them’. This instance of ‘nature’ has been a matter of philological and philosophical debate, with attention paid principally to the narrow passage of the allegory for reconstructing Plato’s meaning. This article argues from the standpoint of the argument of the dialogue as a whole, showing that a particular reading of ϕύσις coheres with the conception of human nature in the Republic’s moral psychology. The discussion begins with consideration of the difficulties presented by the manuscript tradition, which sees variation in the recording of the clause in question. Then the attempts by scholars to resolve the problem—or else to express their inability to resolve it—are addressed and shown to be unsatisfactory. Finally, an interpretation that connects the mention of ϕύσις with Plato’s conception of the philosophic nature, described in Book 6 of the dialogue, is offered
Unveiling the Interplay of Electronic and Phononic Excitations in Laser-Induced Oxygen Activation on Ru(0001)
No full textUnderstanding laser-induced dynamics on metal surfaces poses significant challenges due to the intricate interplay between electronic and phononic degrees of freedom, which evolve on distinct timescales. In this study, we introduce a machine learning-accelerated approach to molecular dynamics simulations that incorporates anisotropic electronic friction, providing deeper insights into these complex processes. Our framework extends the accessible time and length scales for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, enabling a detailed investigation of the laser-induced activation of oxygen on the Ru(0001) surface. Statistical analysis reveals that strong electronic excitation dominates the first 800 fs after laser exposure. Beyond this timescale, energy deposited by electronic excitation continues to drive oxygen activation, while phonons, although always present as a dissipation channel, play a weaker role by buffering energy loss and redistributing kinetic energy among vibrational modes. The observed non-linear yield–fluence relationship, described by Y ∼ Fn, underscores the pivotal role of electronic excitation. In addition, we identify the z-direction as the key activation mode for oxygen diffusion, with the exponent of the power law representing the quantized energy required for this process. This approach significantly accelerates dynamic simulations while offering valuable insights into the interplay between electronic and phononic excitations during laser-induced oxygen activation on Ru(0001)
A Curse or a Blessing? The Associations of Political Knowledge With Partisan Hostility and Condonation of Political Violence
No full textThis study examines the complex associations of political knowledge with affective polarization and attitudes toward political violence in contemporary U.S. politics. Utilizing data from the 2024 American National Election Studies pre-election survey, the analysis highlights political knowledge\u27s dual roles—as both a potential catalyst for partisan animosity and a critical resource promoting democratic stability. Consistent with recent research, more politically knowledgeable individuals tend to express intensified negative feelings toward opposing political parties, and this tendency is particularly pronounced among individuals who attach less importance to their partisan identity. In the meantime, increased political knowledge is also significantly associated with reduced condonation of political violence, particularly among those who perceive their partisan identity as highly central to their self-concept. These findings highlight the dual-edged, context-dependent nature of political knowledge, underscoring the need for a nuanced understanding of its implications in contemporary democratic societies
Geopolitics in Platform Governance: Algorithmic Sovereignty and Data Localization in China and the United States
No full textPrevious research on platform governance often focuses on issues such as moderation, misinformation, and privacy, with little attention to its geopolitical dimensions. This study bridges the gap by analyzing the governance of Chinese platforms through a geopolitical lens, focusing on China\u27s regulatory actions against Didi Chuxing and the US government\u27s attempt to ban TikTok. Our findings suggest that national security and economic competitiveness are drivers of platform governance. We further identify algorithmic sovereignty and data localization as core mechanisms underpinning an emerging governance framework centered on sovereign control. Building on these insights, the study proposes a novel framework that categorizes platform governance into four models, shaped by the interplay of security imperatives and competitiveness priorities. The framework offers a theoretical lens to explore how geopolitics shapes platform governance. Our findings demonstrate a reconfigured governance model in which states assert control over algorithmic operations and data flows through territorially grounded regulatory frameworks, while simultaneously deploying extraterritorial measures to project governance authority beyond national borders
From Measures to Meaning: A Case Study on Co-defining Aphasia Recovery Outcomes with Patient Experts
Get PDFBackground
People with post-stroke aphasia are often excluded from shaping the research meant to support their recovery. Communication barriers, research norms, and traditional outcome frameworks contribute to a lack of meaningful involvement, particularly in the identification of patient-centered outcomes. While participatory models in aphasia research are emerging, few examples describe how individuals with communication disabilities can lead or co-create research priorities. Main body
This case study describes a structured, collaborative effort to center the voices of people with aphasia in identifying meaningful outcomes for recovery. Through a partnership between the Patient Engagement Studio (PES) and the Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery (C-STAR), two cohorts of Patient Experts participated in accessible training, relationship-building activities, and outcome prioritization sessions with researchers and clinicians. Training included research literacy modules, photovoice, and facilitated discussions. Patient Experts identified four outcome priorities: speech production, self-advocacy and public awareness, confidence and emotional wellbeing, and holistic recovery. These themes emerged from story-based reflections and co-analysis between PES staff and Patient Experts. Accommodations included communication scaffolds (e.g., text, chat, individual phone calls, and email), accessible formatting, simplified language, and attention to scheduling and pacing. Researchers were also prepared to approach Patient Experts as partners, not participants. A second cohort later reviewed and affirmed these outcome domains. The collaboration prioritized mutual learning, co-development of research, and capacity recognition over conventional research timelines or structures. Plain English summary
People with aphasia, a condition that affects speaking, understanding, reading, and writing and can result from a stroke, other brain injury, or neurological conditions are rarely included in research about their recovery. Even when research is focused on aphasia, the people who live with it are often not asked what outcomes matter most. In this paper, we describe a collaborative effort among people with aphasia, caregivers, researchers, and a patient engagement team to identify what matters most in aphasia recovery. Together, we co-developed and refined a set of outcomes grounded in lived experience. We refer to the individuals with aphasia and caregivers who joined this project as “Patient Experts”; a term that describes people with lived experience who receive training to contribute as equal partners in research. During our shared training sessions, Patient Experts shared their stories, reflected on recovery, and met with researchers and clinicians to shape the direction of future work. To ensure full participation, we adapted meeting materials and formats to support multiple communication styles; whether speaking aloud, typing in the chat, texting staff, or following up after the session. The Patient Experts identified four key areas that matter most in recovery: being able to speak more naturally in conversations (not just naming words), being able to advocate for themselves and raise awareness about aphasia, building confidence and emotional wellbeing, and making progress in ways that reflect their whole lives, not just language tests. These outcomes were not created for the Patient Experts, but rather shaped by them in collaboration with researchers and clinicians. We also share what we learned about building trust and making space for people with communication disorders to lead. Throughout the process, we continually adapted to better support the Patient Experts. We showed that with the right support, people with aphasia can guide research that affects their lives in a meaningful way. Conclusion
This work demonstrates that people with aphasia can meaningfully shape research when communication access and trust are prioritized. Case studies like this contribute to a growing evidence base on inclusive involvement by showing how training, facilitation, and co-construction methods can be adapted for people with communication disorders. Future work will validate the identified outcomes with a broader population and support co-development of accessible outcome measures grounded in patient experience