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Smooth and Proper Maps with Respect to a Fibration
Get PDFThis paper explain how the geometric notions of local contractibility and properness are related to the Σ-types and Π-types constructors of dependent type theory. We shall see how every Grothendieck fibration comes canonically with such a pair of notions—called smooth and proper maps—and how this recovers the previous examples and many more. This paper uses category theory to reveal a common structure between geometry and logic, with the hope that the parallel will be beneficial to both fields. The style is mostly expository, and the main results are proved in external references
Honorable Mention Research Paper: The Impact of External Factors on Urban Youth Behaviors
Get PDFThis study examines how community, family, and educational dynamics impact behavioral and academic outcomes for students in urban communities, focusing on Black and Latinx youth. Through qualitative research involving interviews and observations, the study explores how factors like family instability, economic challenges, and community violence influence students’ behaviors and motivations in school. Findings reveal that unresolved trauma and external stresses manifest in the behavior and emotions of students within the classroom, affecting both student engagement and achievement. The research offers insights for educators, counselors/ therapists, social workers, families and policymakers to develop supportive interventions that address students’ unique experiences
Triggering Fear: The Relationship Between Party Affiliation, News Sources, and Gun Control
Get PDFFreedom and democratic principles are our government\u27s core and essential for upholding a democratic society. This paper considers the relationship between political identity, media consumption, and the fear of government restrictions on firearms within the United States. This study analyzes correlations between these variables using data from the Chapman Survey of American Fears, Wave 10. Among the interesting findings are that Republicans and conservatives are more likely to fear government restrictions on firearms than Democrats, Independents, and liberals. Another finding is that one\u27s preferred news sources can influence beliefs toward policies, including those on firearm restrictions, and shape people\u27s perceptions of government intervention. Many factors that contribute to the fear of government restrictions on firearms, such as education, age, and media, will be explored in this paper. This paper thus identifies key patterns where political beliefs, media habits, and views on the justification of violence influence perceptions and fear of liberty being seized
Effects of Simultaneous Smartphone Texting and Auditory Stimulation on Gait
Get PDFMore often than not, pedestrians around busy college campuses, business parks, and shopping malls are seen walking while using their phones and listening to music or having earphones in. Activities on pedestrians’ phones that captivate them more and require higher cognitive processing demonstrated a higher detriment to their gait kinematics than less cognitively complicated activities (Brennan and Preloff, 2021). This study aims to establish whether or not gait parameters are affected by walking while engaging in cognitively demanding activities such as texting and listening to green noise. Green noise is a deviation from white noise, which amplifies the mid-range frequencies of white noise, resulting in a more soothing acoustic environment. Five conditions were used in this study, each increasing the degree of cognitive complexity. Ten participants were involved in the study, and the order in which the participants underwent the different conditions was randomized. Data was collected using the Vicon Nexus Motion Sensor system and processed using Motek’s Gait Offline Analysis Tool (GOAT). Based on prior studies and seeing how the participants’ gait altered due to the more challenging conditions, we expect that gait kinematics were affected negatively as the participants looked at their phones and listened to green noise once the data is processed. If this assertion is proved true by the processed data, this study could serve as further evidence supporting why distracted driving is so dangerous
Evaluating the Role of Wetland Habitat Features in Shaping Bird Residence Patterns for Effective Conservation Strategies
Get PDFAs climate change continues to impact ecosystems worldwide, wetlands have been disproportionately affected because they are close to human settlements. Wetland degradation is an essential focus for habitat restoration because increased connectivity of these sensitive habitats can significantly improve ecosystem function. The Los Cerritos Wetland (LCW) is an urban wetland fragment in Southern California in the pre-tidal restoration stage. Neighboring waterways are home to many animals, including sea turtles, fishes, and birds. We set out to understand the current use of LCW habitats pre-restoration to better track the impacts of tidal restoration on this wetland fragment. We focused on native birds because they utilize the habitat as part of their migration pattern. This study looked at the effects of wetland habitat features, like plant community composition, on native bird occupancy. We also looked at time of day use to determine bird residence time in the wetland. Birds were more frequently observed within salt marsh habitats containing native, shorter species like pickleweed compared with taller, invasive brush-like mustard grass. The most commonly observed species were egrets and swallows, which were more frequently observed at dawn and dusk during cooler times of day. Understanding the influence of wetland habitat features and bird residence patterns is crucial for informing conservation strategies that protect and enhance these critical ecosystems for native bird populations
Review of \u3cem\u3eThe Road to Freedom: Economics and the Good Society\u3c/em\u3e
No full textA review of The Road to Freedom: Economics and the Good Society by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Women’s Fear of Violent Crime: Examining Media Consumption and Misconceptions of Violent Crime
Get PDFWithin the United States, women are disproportionately victimized by crimes of domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV). However, media narratives do not accurately represent the threats that women face within society, and women are often unaware of and lack protection from the forms of violence that they are most commonly subjected to. Therefore, this paper examines how the media frames violent crime and the victimization of women, as well as how underrepresentation and misconceptions contribute to the levels of fear that women feel toward violent crime. Through using data from the Chapman University Survey on American Fears from 2023, this paper examines women’s fear of violent crimes committed by strangers versus a person they know and how accurately it reflects reality. This paper also examines the misconceptions caused by media consumption and its inaccurate framing of violent crime in relation to the level of fear that respondents possess. Media consumption plays a vital role in creating this disconnect, and the forms of media that women consume can increase or decrease the accuracy of their understanding of violent crime. The widespread misunderstanding of violent crime, and particularly DV and IPV, creates larger vulnerabilities by leaving women with inadequate knowledge about the threats they face and creating public misconceptions that can lead to decreased security and resources for victims. Therefore, the intention behind this research is to highlight the danger of falsely representing these crimes within the media, as well as to improve awareness of how DV and IPV manifest within society
Early Performance Prediction for Loosely-Timed Contention-Aware Models of GoogLeNet
No full textTransaction-level modeling (TLM) is a high-level abstraction that models hardware and software and their detailed interactions, enabling performance analysis in the early stages of the embedded system design. For efficient embedded system design, architects design, configure, and simulate TLM models to explore the design space and find the optimal candidate for implementation. Running a multitude of TLM simulations is a time-consuming and inefficient process. The objective of our project is to design a machine-learning model that captures and learns the complexities of the TLM model of a deep neural network (DNN). Specifically, we focus on predicting simulated time for SystemC TLM-2.0 loosely-timed contention-aware (LT-CA) models, which consider the effect of memory and interconnect contention in system-level design and performance estimation. We design linear regression and neural network models that describe the relationship between system-level configuration knobs, such as computational capacity and memory access, on simulated time of the TLM-2.0 LT-CA models of GoogLeNet, a state-of-the-art DNN for image recognition. Our predictive model analyzes simulations produced through the TLM simulations as data used for training and validation to learn patterns and relationships within the data. Our experimental results on the TLM-2.0 LT-CA models show the high accuracy of our proposed predictive model and deliver promising results to enhance the overall efficiency of system-level modeling
Proteoglycan 4 (Lubricin) and Regulation of Xanthine Oxidase in Synovial Macrophage as a Mechanism of Controlling Synovitis
Get PDFBackground
Synovial macrophages (SMs) are important effectors of joint health and disease. A novel Cx3CR1 + TREM2 + SM population expressing the tight junction protein claudin-5, was recently discovered in synovial lining. Ablation of these SMs was associated with onset of arthritis. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein that fulfills lubricating and homeostatic roles in the joint. The aim of this work is to study the role of PRG4 in modulating synovitis in the context of SM homeostasis and assess the contribution of xanthine oxidase (XO)-hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1a) axis to this regulation. Methods
We used Prg4FrtloxP/FrtloxP;R26FlpoER/+, a novel transgenic mouse, where the Prg4Frt allele normally expresses the PRG4 protein and was designed to flank the first two exons of Prg4 with a flippase recognition target and “LOXP” sites. Inducing flippase activity with tamoxifen (TAM) inactivates the Frt allele and thus creates a conditional knockout state. We studied anti-inflammatory SMs and XO by quantitative immunohistochemistry, isolated RNA and studied immune pathway activations by multiplexed assays and isolated SMs and studied PRG4 signaling dysfunction in relation to glycolytic switching due to pro-inflammatory activation. Prg4 inactivated mice were treated with oral febuxostat, a specific XO inhibitor, and quantification of Cx3CR1 + TREM2 + SMs, XO immunostaining and synovitis assessment were conducted. Results
Prg4 inactivation induced Cx3CR1 + TREM2 + SM loss (p \u3c 0.001) and upregulated glycolysis and innate immune pathways in the synovium. In isolated SMs, Xdh (p \u3c 0.01) and Hif1a (p \u3c 0.05) were upregulated. Pro-inflammatory activation of SMs was evident by enhanced glycolytic flux and XO-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Febuxostat reduced glycolytic flux (p \u3c 0.001) and HIF-1a levels (p \u3c 0.0001) in SMs. Febuxostat also reduced systemic inflammation (p \u3c 0.001), synovial hyperplasia (p \u3c 0.001) and preserved Cx3CR1 + TREM2 + SMs (p \u3c 0.0001) in synovia of Prg4 inactivated mice. Conclusions
PRG4 is a biologically significant modulator of synovial homeostasis via inhibition of XO expression and downstream HIF-1a activation. PRG4 signaling is anti-inflammatory and promotes synovial homeostasis in chronic synovitis, where direct XO inhibition is potentially therapeutic in chronic synovitis