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Molecular epidemiology, transmission and clinical features of 2022‐mpox outbreak: A systematic review
No full textBackground and Aims
The 2022-mpox outbreak has spread worldwide in a short time. Integrated knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and transmission of mpox are limited. This systematic review of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature was conducted to shed light on the epidemiology, clinical features, and transmission of 2022-mpox outbreak.
Methods
We identified 45 peer-reviewed manuscripts for data analysis. The standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement and Cochrane Collaboration were followed for conducting the study.
Results
The case number of mpox has increased about 100 times worldwide. About 99% of the cases in 2022 outbreak was from non-endemic regions. Men (70%–98% cases) were mostly infected with homosexual and bisexual behavior (30%–60%). The ages of the infected people ranged between 30 and 40 years. The presence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among 30%–60% of cases were reported. Human-to-human transmission via direct contact and different body fluids were involved in the majority of the cases (90%–100%). Lesions in genitals, perianal, and anogenital areas were more prevalent. Unusually, pharyngitis (15%–40%) and proctitis (20%–40%) were more common during 2022 outbreak than pre-2022 outbreaks. Brincidofovir is approved for the treatment of smallpox by FDA (USA). Two vaccines, including JYNNEOSTM and ACAM2000®, are approved and used for pre- and post-prophylaxis in cases. About 100% of the cases in non-endemic regions were associated with isolates of IIb clade with a divergence of 0.0018–0.0035. Isolates from B.1 lineage were the most predominant followed by B.1.2 and B.1.10.
Conclusion
This study will add integrated knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, and transmission of mpox
An Evolutionary Technique for Building Neural Network Models for Predicting Metal Prices
No full textIn this research, a neural network (NN) model for metal price forecasting based on an evolutionary approach is proposed. Both the neural network model’s network parameters and network architecture are selected automatically. The time series metal price data set is used to construct a novel fitness function that takes into account both error minimizations and the reproduction of the auto-correlation function. Calculating the average entropy values allowed the selection of the input parameter count for the neural network model. Gold price forecasting was performed using the proposed methodology. The optimal hidden node number, learning rate, and momentum are 9, 0.026, and 0.76, respectively, according to the evolutionary-based NN model. The proposed strategy is shown to reduce estimation error while also reproducing the auto-correlation function of the time series data set by the validation results with gold price data. The performance of the proposed method is better than other current methods, according to a comparison study
Does the Menstrual Cycle Impact the Maximal Neuromuscular Capacities of Women? An Analysis Before and After a Graded Treadmill Test to Exhaustion
No full textMorenas-Aguilar, MD, Ruiz-Alias, SA, Blanco, AM, Lago-Fuentes, C, García-Pinillos, F, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Does the menstrual cycle impact the maximal neuromuscular capacities of women? An analysis before and after a graded treadmill test to exhaustion. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2185–2191, 2023. This study explored the effect of the menstrual cycle (MC) on the maximal neuromuscular capacities of the lower-body muscles obtained before and after a graded exercise test conducted on a treadmill to exhaustion. Sixteen physically active women were tested at −11 ± 3, −5 ± 3, and 5 ± 3 days from the luteinizing peak for the early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases. In each session, the individualized load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables (load-axis intercept [L0], velocity-axis intercept [v0], and area under the L-V relationship line [Aline]) were obtained before and after a graded exercise test conducted on a treadmill to exhaustion using the 2-point method (3 countermovement jumps with a 0.5-kg barbell and 2 back squats against a load linked to a mean velocity of 0.55 m·second−1). At the beginning of each session, no significant differences were reported for L0 (p = 0.726; ES ≤ 0.18), v0 (p = 0.202; ES ≤ 0.37), and Aline (p = 0.429; ES ≤ 0.30) between the phases. The MC phase × time interaction did not reach statistical significance for any L-V relationship variable (p ≥ 0.073). A significant main effect of “time” was observed for L0 (p < 0.001; ES = −0.77) and Aline (p = 0.002; ES = −0.59) but not for v0 (p = 0.487; ES = 0.12). These data suggest that the lower-body maximal neuromuscular capacities obtained before and after a graded treadmill test are not significantly affected by MC, although there is a high variability in the individual response
A Systematic Survey of AI Models in Financial Market Forecasting for Profitability Analysis
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI)-based models have emerged as powerful tools in financial markets, capable of reducing investment risks and aiding in selecting highly profitable stocks by achieving precise predictions. This holds immense value for investors, as it empowers them to make data-driven decisions. Identifying current and future trends in multi-class forecasting techniques employed within financial markets, particularly profitability analysis as an evaluation metric is important. The review focuses on examining stud-ies conducted between 2018 and 2023, sourced from three prominent academic databases. A meticulous three-stage approach was employed, encompassing the systematic planning, conduct, and analysis of the se-lected studies. Specifically, the analysis emphasizes technical assessment, profitability analysis, hybrid mod-eling, and the type of results generated by models. Articles were shortlisted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, while a rigorous quality assessment through ten quality criteria questions, utilizing a Likert-type scale was employed to ensure methodological robustness. We observed that ensemble and hybrid models with long short-term memory (LSTM) and support vector machines (SVM) are being more adopted for financial trends and price prediction. Moreover, hybrid models employing AI algorithms for feature engineering have great potential at par with ensemble techniques. Most studies only employ performance metrics and lack utilization of profitability metrics or investment or trading strategy (simulated or real-time). Similarly, research on multi-class or output is severely lacking in financial forecasting and can be a good avenue for future research
Estudo Comparativo da Legislação Primária Federal e Estaduais na República Federativa Do Brasil sobre a Presença do Cirurgião-Dentista na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: Uma Análise Qualitativa
No full textO Cirurgião-Dentista compondo a equipe da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva trouxe avanços aos cuidados de higiene bucal, prevenção e tratamento de agravos de origem bucal com repercussão sistêmica. Diante disso, a atuação dos profissionais é pautada legislação primária e secundária. O estudo tem como objetivo a comparação qualitativa das legislação primária na República Federativa do Brasil sobre a presença do Cirurgião-Dentista nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
Internet of Things in Pregnancy Care Coordination and Management: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThe Internet of Things (IoT) has positioned itself globally as a dominant force in the technology sector. IoT, a technology based on interconnected devices, has found applications in various research areas, including healthcare. Embedded devices and wearable technologies powered by IoT have been shown to be effective in patient monitoring and management systems, with a particular focus on pregnant women. This study provides a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on IoT architectures, systems, models and devices used to monitor and manage complications during pregnancy, postpartum and neonatal care. The study identifies emerging research trends and highlights existing research challenges and gaps, offering insights to improve the well-being of pregnant women at a critical moment in their lives. The literature review and discussions presented here serve as valuable resources for stakeholders in this field and pave the way for new and effective paradigms. Additionally, we outline a future research scope discussion for the benefit of researchers and healthcare professionals
Eficacia de la Terapia de Estimulación Cognitiva (CST) en Población con Demencia: una Revisión Sistemática
No full textLa Terapia de Estimulación Cognitiva (TEC) es una intervención no farmacológica dirigida apersonas con demencia leve a moderada, que ofrece variedad de actividades estimulantes para el estado cognitivo en formato grupal (proporcionado por un terapeuta) o individual(TECi, proporcionado por el cuidador en el hogar). Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizarla eficacia de la TEC en la mejora del estado cognitivo, la calidad de vida, síntomas depresivos, autonomía en las actividades de la vida diaria y otros factores asociados. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, SciElo y APA Psycnetcon los términos “dementia AND cognitive stimulation therapy”. Se identificaron un total de556 artículos, que se seleccionaron de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, obteniendo finalmente 20 artículos para la revisión. Estos abordan la eficacia de la TEC en población con demencia y su efecto en el estado cognitivo, la calidad de vida y los síntomas depresivos, principalmente. Se concluyó que si bien la TEC muestra una evidencia significativa para la potenciación del estado cognitivo, esta terapia muestra resultados positivos pero moderados en cuanto a la mejora de la calidad de vida y síntomas depresivos, sugiriendo la necesidad de continuar investigaciones en esta línea
Suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega 3 frente a una dieta mediterránea como tratamiento para la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico
Get PDFLa enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) cada vez es más prevalente y es la principal enfermedad hepática a nivel mundial. Se quiere comparar nuevas estrategias dietético-nutricionales, como la dieta mediterránea y los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3, para determinar cuál es más efectiva como tratamiento para esta enfermedad. Evaluar que manejo nutricional es más efectivo como tratamiento del hígado graso no alcohólico, si la suplementación con omega 3 o una dieta mediterránea. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, para la cual se consultaron y seleccionaron varios artículos científicos de diversas bases de datos, documentos y el servicio de información en línea provisto por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de los Estados Unidos (MedlinePlus), obteniendo asi un total de 17 estudios pertenecientes a la base de datos Pubmed, los cuales fueron analizados en profundidad. Tanto la dieta mediterránea como la suplementación con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 promueven beneficios sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes con hígado graso. La realización de una dieta mediterránea parece tener mayores beneficios en el tratamiento de la EHGNA al mejorar las características clínicas de la enfermedad como la esteatosis hepática, la inflamación, la fibrosis y la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica, además, del síndrome metabólico
Mechanistic insights into the changes of enzyme activity in food processing under microwave irradiation
Get PDFMicrowave (MW) and enzyme catalysis are two emerging processing tools in the field of food industry. Recently, MW has been widely utilized as a novel type of green and safe heating energy. However, the effect of MW irradiation on enzyme activity is not described clearly. The intrinsic mechanisms behind enzyme activation and inactivation remain obscure. To apply better MW to the field of enzyme catalysis, it is essential to gain insights into the mechanism of MW action on enzyme activity. This review summarizes the changes in various enzyme activity during food processing, especially under MW irradiation. The intrinsic mechanism of thermal and nonthermal effects of MW irradiation was analyzed from the perspective of enzyme reaction kinetics and spatial structure. MW irradiation temperature is a vital parameter affecting the catalytic activity of enzymes. Activation of the enzyme activity is achieved even at high MW power when the enzyme is operating at its optimum temperature. However, when the temperature exceeds the optimum temperature, the enzyme activity is inhibited. In addition to MW dielectric heating effect, nonthermal MW effects also alter the microenvironment of reactive system. Taken together, enzyme activity is influenced by both thermal and nonthermal MW effect
Muscular involvement in long term type 1 diabetes: does it represent an underestimated complication?
No full textBackground
Structural, metabolic and functional signs of skeletal muscle damage have been identified in subjects affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D), but, to date, no guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of muscle impairment exist and studies on T1D and muscle health are still limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a long-term T1D population and to assess the impact of some clinical parameters on muscle mass and function.
Methods
39 patients affected by T1D were enrolled, and Body Mass Index (BMI), body composition (Appendicular Lean Mass Index-ALMI and Fat Mass-FM) and muscle strength were measured. Additionally, the relationship between Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and sarcopenia was assessed.
Results
In our sample (mean age 49.32±13.49 years, 41.1% women, mean duration of diabetes 30.13±12.28 years), the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.7% (12.5 % in women and 4.35% in men), while the prevalence of low ALMI was 23.1% (25% in women and 21.74% in men). We found significant inverse correlations between ALMI and duration of diabetes and ALMI vs. FM; and significant positive correlations between ALMI and BMI, physical activity level and muscle strength. At the same time, significant inverse correlations were observed between muscle strength and duration of diabetes and muscle strength vs. FM.
Conclusions
We observed a high prevalence of low muscle mass, similar to those found in the older age groups of the general population (25 years in advance) and our findings suggest a possible pathogenetic role of T1D duration on muscle trophism and function