Repositorio Universidad Europea del Atlántico
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Divulging Patterns: An Analytical Review for Machine Learning Methodologies for Breast Cancer Detection
Full text linkBreast cancer is a lethal carcinoma impacting a considerable number of women across the globe. While preventive measures are limited, early detection remains the most effective strategy. Accurate classification of breast tumors into benign and malignant categories is important which may help physicians in diagnosing the disease faster. This survey investigates the emerging inclination and approaches in the area of machine learning (ML) for the diagnosis of breast cancer, pointing out the classification techniques based on both segmentation and feature selection. Certain datasets such as the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer Dataset (WDBC), Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset Original (WBCD), Wisconsin Prognostic Breast Cancer Dataset (WPBC), BreakHis, and others are being evaluated in this study for the demonstration of their influence on the performance of the diagnostic tools and the accuracy of the models such as Support vector machine, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and ensemble approaches. The main shortcomings or research gaps such as prejudice of datasets, scarcity of generalizability, and interpretation challenges are highlighted. This research emphasizes the importance of the hybrid methodologies, cross-dataset validation, and the engineering of explainable AI to narrow these gaps and enhance the overall clinical acceptance of ML-based detection tools
Análisis de preferencias tradumáticas de los traductores actualmente en formación: el procesador de textos online vs. offline
No full textAdalbert STIFTER, «Firme esperanza»
No full textEsta obra, ambientada en la Revolución francesa, pertenece a la compilación Bunte Steine und Erzählungen (Piedras de colores y narraciones, traducido al español) del austriaco Adalbert Stifter. En ella, se plantea el tema moral de la doble naturaleza divina y salvaje que inevitablemente existe en cada uno de nosotros, independientemente de que se encuentre aún dormida, y a la que tenemos que resistirnos continuamente
Advancing Nutritional Science: Contemporary Perspectives on Diet’s Role in Metabolic Health and Disease Prevention
Full text linkThis Special Issue of Diet and Nutrition: Metabolic Diseases showcases cutting-edge research exploring the intersection between nutrition, dietary patterns, and public health. The contributions in this collection involve both fundamental and applied research, offering new insights into how nutrition can combat the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases [1]. The studies in this issue emphasize the critical role that diet plays in promoting metabolic health, preventing chronic diseases, and improving overall quality of life.
In recent years, nutrition has become a central focus in global health efforts, with a growing body of evidence demonstrating its impact on both individual and population-level outcomes [2,3]. This Special Issue encompasses several key themes, including the role of dietary interventions in managing metabolic disorders, the importance of nutrient timing and quality, and the broader implications of sustainable dietary practices
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based chemometric approach for investigating the effect of conventional versus modern extraction methods on polyphenols recovery from grape seed wastes
No full textGrape seed wastes are a rich source of bioactive polyphenols. This study compares the recovery efficiency of traditional maceration extraction (ME) with modern extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)), revealing the selective extraction of polyphenolic compounds by different methods. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to identify and quantify 24 polyphenols. ASE showed the highest efficiency for phenolic acids (e.g., gallic acid, 231.75 μg/g) and proanthocyanidins (e.g., procyanidin B1, 126.18 μg/g), while MAE was optimal for flavonoids recovery (e.g., myricetin, 41.52 μg/g). Multivariate chemometric analysis revealed co-extraction patterns among structurally related compounds (e.g., flavan-3-ols with galloylated derivatives), linking extraction parameters to the selectivity of polyphenols. Integrating UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of 24 polyphenols, we suggest that MAE/ASE is most suitable for antioxidant-rich nutraceuticals, while ME is optimal for thermally labile pharmaceuticals. This study provides practical strategies for the sustainable utilization of grape seed by-products, offering industry-specific solutions to reduce waste and improve the recovery of bioactive compounds
Effect of Supplementation with Probiotics in Patients with Schizophrenia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Full text linkSupplementation with probiotics seems to confer protective effects in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), although available results are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to systematically review existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to critically assess the effect of probiotics on psychiatric symptoms, anthropometric indicators, lipid profiles, glycemic indices, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adults with SZ. A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception until January 2025. Six RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis that demonstrated beneficial effects of probiotics on SZ severity determined via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), with significant reductions in PANSS (MD = −0.50, p = 0.001), PANSS Negative (MD = −0.31, p = 0.050), and PANSS General scores (MD = −0.33, p = 0.036), alongside reductions in body weight (MD = −0.92, p = 0.000), body mass index (MD = −0.53, p = 0.016), and total cholesterol (SMD = −0.34, p = 0.005). Furthermore, probiotic interventions reduced baseline glucose (SMD = −0.59, p = 0.000), insulin (MD = −0.68, p = 0.000), and measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance and significantly improved biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. To summarize, this meta-analysis suggests that probiotics may confer beneficial effects in patients with SZ through improving psychiatric symptoms as well as markers of body weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Factors Associated With Employment and Quality of Working Life in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Full text linkPurpose
As survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) improves, their work situation is gaining importance. The aim of the current study was to identify factors associated with work status and quality of working life (QWL) in patients with MBC. Additionally, we investigated the effects of an exercise intervention on work status.
Methods
Within the multinational PREFERABLE-EFFECT exercise trial, 287 patients with MBC of working age (18–65 years) reported on their working situation over 9 months as a secondary endpoint. Among a subgroup of participants, QWL was assessed by the Quality of Working Life Questionnaire for Cancer Survivors (QWLQ-CS) (N = 59).
Results
At baseline, 157 (54.7%) participants were employed, of whom one-third reported having recently reduced their amount of work because of fatigue (41.7%), cognitive problems (33.3%), or inability to meet work demands (33.3%). Participants wished for more flexible working hours (29.2%) and less productivity pressure (37.5%). Participants were less likely to work if they experienced higher levels of pain (p = 0.014). Among working participants, an academic education and higher levels of psychological distress were associated with a higher number of working hours (all p < 0.05). Fatigue, an academic education, and performing mentally strenuous tasks at work were negatively associated with QWL (all p < 0.05). The exercise intervention did not affect the number of hours worked during the study.
Conclusions
Symptom management might be important for patients' ability to work. To help patients stay employed and improve QWL, employers should consider offering more flexible work arrangements and adapting to their employees' changing needs and abilities
LC-MS and GC–MS analyses reveal that amino acid-induced ammoniation of EGCG in different tea types enhances its structural stability
No full textEpigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in tea. Owing to the different fermentation degrees, differences in polyphenol composition of water extracts of green tea, white tea, oolong tea, and black tea occur, and affect health value. This study revealed that the content of EGCG decreases with the increase in the degree of fermentation. In tea with a high fermentation degree, EGCG was stably present in the form of ammoniation to yield nitrogen-containing EGCG derivative (N-EGCG). The content of N-EGCG in tea was negatively correlated with the content of EGCG. Furthermore, the content of l-serine and L-threonine in tea was positively and negatively correlated with N-EGCG and EGCG levels, respectively, suggesting that they may participate in the formation of N-EGCG as nitrogen sources. This study proposes a new fermentation-induced polyphenol-amino acid synergistic mechanism, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the biotransformation reaction mechanism of tea polyphenols
Validation of a video-based tool to assess risk perception both objectively and subjectively in pedestrians
No full textIntroduction: Road crashes involving pedestrians are still a relevant cause of death and injury in Spain. Risk perception in pedestrians has been proposed as one of the main predictors of risky behaviors and crash-related events. The current research aimed to validate a video-based tool to assess risk perception in pedestrians, considering both the subjective way (self-report) and the objective way (skin conductance level and response). Method: A set of eight main videos (four involving a high-risk situation, and the other four involving low-risk situations) were presented to 403 participants (Mage = 22.41, 61.5% female) who rated the amount of risk perceived subjectively, following a 5-point Likert scale. Out of which, 90 participants taken incidentally were also assessed psychophysiologically, analyzing electrodermal activity while watching the videos. Results: The results showed a good fit of the bifactor SEM carried out with the self-report, supporting the existence of two uncorrelated factors (Risk Perception at High-Risk Situations, ω = 0.84; Risk Perception in Low Risk Situations, ω = 0.67) and a global factor (Risk Perception). Significant differences were obtained in the comparison of risk perception in high-risk situations and low-risk situations, both in the self-report measure (η2 = 0.93) and in skin conductance response (η2 = 0.20). Discussion: It is concluded that the tool is valid for assessing risk perception both subjectively and objectively. This could have several practical implications, particularly as a measure to validate intervention programs aimed at improving risk perception ability. Moreover, given the tool’s non-verbal nature, it may be suitable for individuals with low reading skills or cognitive disabilities. However, its validity should be further examined in these specific populations
Anthocyanin metabolites from gut microbiota and cognitive health
No full textThe intake of anthocyanins has been shown to have significant effects on the gut microbiota, influencing its composition, diversity, and functionality. These effects include promoting the growth of beneficial bacterial families, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and ameliorating microbiota diversity. The specific enzymes produced by these bacteria, such as β-glucosidases, hydrolases, and decarboxylases, are crucial for breaking down complex anthocyanin structures and converting them into bioactive molecules, able to cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially affecting brain health. As more research is needed into the specific roles of different microbial species on metabolites production, it becomes increasingly clear that the gut microbiota may play an important role in unlocking the potential health benefits of anthocyanins also in relation to brain health