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Gut Pathog
Get PDFBackgroundCyclospora cayetanensis is a food-borne intestinal human parasite that causes outbreaks of diarrhea. There is a need for efficient laboratory methods for strain-level characterization to assist in outbreak investigations. By using next generation sequencing, genomic sequences can be obtained and compared to identify potential genotyping markers. However, there is no method available to propagate this parasite in the laboratory. Therefore, genomic DNA must be extracted from oocysts purified from human stool. The objective of this study was to apply optimized methods to purify C. cayetanensis oocysts and extract DNA in order to obtain high-quality whole genome sequences with minimum contamination of DNA from other organisms.ResultsOocysts from 21 human stool specimens were separated from other stool components using discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and purified further by flow cytometry. Genomic DNA was used to construct Ovation Ultralow libraries for Illumina sequencing. MiSeq sequencing reads were taxonomically profiled for contamination, de novo assembled, and mapped to a draft genome available in GenBank to assess the quality of the resulting genomic sequences. Following all purification steps, the majority (81\u201399%) of sequencing reads were from C. cayetanensis. They could be assembled into draft genomes of around 45\ua0MB in length with GC-content of 52%.ConclusionsDensity gradients performed in the presence of a detergent followed by flow cytometry sorting of oocysts yielded sufficient genomic DNA largely free from contamination and suitable for whole genome sequencing of C. cayetanensis. The methods described here will facilitate the accumulation of genomic sequences from various samples, which is a prerequisite for the development of typing tools to aid in outbreak investigations.2018-10-12T00:00:00Z30337964PMC618280
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
Get PDFThe prevalence of diagnosed human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States is approximately twice that of non-Hispanic whites (1). Barriers to, and experiences with, medical care have been found to vary by sex (2). Describing characteristics of Hispanics/Latinos in care by sex can help identify disparities and inform delivery of tailored services to this underserved population. Data from the 2013 and 2014 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) were analyzed to describe demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics among Hispanics/Latinos by sex. MMP is an annual cross-sectional, nationally representative Surveillance system that, during 2013-2014, collected information about behaviors, medical care, and clinical outcomes among adults receiving outpatient HIV care. Hispanic/Latina women were significantly more likely than were men to live in poverty (78% versus 54%), report not speaking English well (38% versus 21%), and receive interpreter (27% versus 16%), transportation (35% versus 21%), and meal (44% versus 26%) services. There were no significant differences between Hispanic/Latino women and men in prescription of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (95% versus 96%) or sustained viral suppression (68% versus 73%). Although women faced greater socioeconomic and language-related challenges, the clinical outcomes among Hispanic/Latina women were similar to those among men, perhaps reflecting their higher use of ancillary services. Levels of viral suppression for Hispanics/Latinos are lower than those found among non-Hispanic whites (3) and lower than the national Prevention goal of at least 80% of persons with diagnosed HIV infection. Providers should be cognizant of the challenges faced by Hispanics/Latinos with HIV infection in care and provide referrals to needed ancillary services
Epidemiology of meningococcal disease among college students \u2013 United States, 2014-2016
No full textPresentations February 2018 Day 2Publication date from document properties.Mening-02-Meyer-508.pd
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), October 25-26, 2017 : welcome & introductions
No full textPresentations February 2018 Day 1Publication date from document properties.welcome-Bennett-Cohn-508.pd
Analysis of express legal authorities for mosquito control in the United States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico
Get PDFAs vector-borne diseases have tripled over the past thirteen years in the United States, efforts to prevent their incidence and spread are as important as ever. Many of these diseases, such as chikungunya, dengue, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and Zika virus, are spread by mosquitoes. The United States has a long history of combating mosquito-borne diseases and public health officials have established many mosquito control programs and activities to both reduce the number of mosquitoes and prevent the spread of the diseases they carry. It is important for those who lead and conduct mosquito control activities to have a well-grounded understanding of the laws and policies authorizing their efforts since failing to realize and adhere to a program\u2019s legal authority can lead to agency liability and undue costs.To assist those who oversee, lead, and administer mosquito control efforts, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) conducted an analysis of the express legal authorities for mosquito control in the United States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. Below is a brief overview of the types of legal authority for mosquito control activities, a set of considerations for better understanding the legal authority, a summary of the findings on the express legal authorities for mosquito control found in state law, and a state-by-state summary of the express legal authority for mosquito control in the United States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico.ASTHO acknowledges the technical support from its Public Health Law Peer Group, its Vector Control Workgroup, and the National Association of Vector-Borne Disease Control Officials (NAVCO) in creating this second edition. ASTHO is grateful for the financial support and technical assistance provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The project received direct funding through the CDC Cooperative Agreement to Improve the Nation\u2019s Public Health Infrastructure with State Public Health Agencies/Systems, Award No. CDC-RFA-OT13-1302CONT172018Award No. CDC-RFA-OT13-1302CONT1
CDC countermeasure tracking systems : Countermeasure and Resonse Administration
Get PDFCountermeasures are interventions taken to help prevent or slow the spread of disease. An important way the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) helps keep our nation safe when public health emergencies (such as an influenza pandemic, natural disaster, or national security emergency) occur is by distributing and tracking the use of medicine and supplies used to address the health threat. Such medicine and supplies are commonly called medical countermeasures.When responding to events that put people\u2019s health at risk, public health officials need timely, accurate information about their countermeasure supply, distribution, and use at the local, state, and national levels.CRA is an emergency response system that state public health departments can use to track vaccine doses administered and amount of dispensed medical countermeasures. Specifically, CRA data give public health officials key information on countermeasure dispensing and vaccine administration at both individual and aggregate levels. Through analysis of CRA data, officials also gain insight into the scope and demographics of populations served.CRA is one of three Web-based applications comprising CDC\u2019s Countermeasure Tracking Systems (CTS) program. The three CTS applications are used separately or in combination, depending on the situation.CS292667-Dcra-fact-sheet-508.pdf201
Food+sleep+physical actvity = energy
Get PDFThe three parts of the energy equation will add up to a more dynamic you!200