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Transpl Infect Dis
Get PDFBackground.Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common complication of lung and allogeneic hematopoietic cell (HCT) transplant, but the epidemiology and outcomes of CDI after transplant are poorly described.Methods.We performed a prospective, multicenter study of CDI within 365 days post-allogeneic HCT or lung transplantation. Data were collected via patient interviews and medical chart review. Participants were followed weekly in the 12 weeks post-transplant and while hospitalized and contacted monthly up to 18 months post-transplantation.Results.Six sites participated in the study with 614 total participants; 4 enrolled allogeneic HCT (385 participants) and 5 enrolled lung transplant recipients (229 participants). 150 CDI cases occurred within one year of transplantation; the incidence among lung transplant recipients was 13.1% and among allogeneic HCTs was 31.2%. Median time to CDI was significantly shorter among allogeneic HCT than lung transplant recipients (27 days vs. 90 days; p=0.037). CDI was associated with significantly higher mortality from 31\u2013180 days post-index date among the allogeneic HCT recipients (Hazard ratio [HR]=1.80; p=0.007). There was a trend towards increased mortality among lung transplant recipients from 120\u2013180 days post-index date (HR=4.7, p=0.09).Conclusions.The epidemiology and outcomes of CDI vary by transplant population; surveillance for CDI should continue beyond the immediate post-transplant period.K23 AI065806/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/U01 CK000134/CK/NCEZID CDC HHSUnited States
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol
Get PDFThe commercialization of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) began in the early 2000's. Since then the number of commercial products and the number of workers potentially exposed to ENMs is growing, as is the need to evaluate and manage the potential health risks. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been developed for some of the first generation of ENMs. These OELs have been based on risk assessments that progressed from qualitative to quantitative as nanotoxicology data became available. In this paper, that progression is characterized. It traces OEL development through the qualitative approach of general groups of ENMs based primarily on read-across with other materials to quantitative risk assessments for nanoscale particles including titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, silver nanoparticles, and cellulose nanocrystals. These represent prototypic approaches to risk assessment and OEL development for ENMs. Such substance-by-substance efforts are not practical given the insufficient data for many ENMs that are currently being used or potentially entering commerce. Consequently, categorical approaches are emerging to group and rank ENMs by hazard and potential health risk. The strengths and limitations of these approaches are described, and future derivations and research needs are discussed. Critical needs in moving forward with understanding the health effects of the numerous EMNs include more standardized and accessible quantitative data on the toxicity and physicochemical properties of ENMs.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Arthropod-borne virus information exchange Number five, March 1962
Get PDFThe opinions or views expressed by the contributors do not constitute an endorsement or approval by the U. S. Government, DHEW, PHS, Communicable Disease Center.Report of the Subcommittee on Information Exchange -- Report from the American Committee on Arthropod-borne Viruses -- Announcement of Symposium on "Immunization Against Arbor Virus Infections\u201d -- Reports from: [Encephalitis Section, USPHS, Greeley, Colorado].196
Foodborne disease surveillance annual summary 1979
No full textIn 1979 there were 460 outbreaks (13,207 cases) of foodborne disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control. The etiology was confirmed in 37% of outbreaks. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 119 outbreaks (6.806 cases); salmonellae was the most frequently Implicated bacterial pathogen. Chemical agents accounted for 3b outbreaks (250 cases); ciguatera poisoning was the most common chemical etiology. In 48% of outbreaks food was eaten in a restaurant. The most common contributing factor in outbreaks was Improper holding temperatures.SUGGESTED CITATION: Centers for Disease Control: Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Annual Summary 1979. Issued April 1981I. Summary -- II. Introduction -- III. Foodborne Disease Outbreaks.198
National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) user guidance \u2013 waterborne disease outbreaks
No full textLast updated 10/02/2017This document is a reference manual for public health professionals who use the web-based National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) to report waterborne disease outbreaks to CDC. NORS collects information on waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks and enteric disease outbreaks transmitted by contact with environmental sources, infected persons or animals, or unknown modes of transmission. Waterborne disease outbreaks in NORS are reviewed for inclusion in the Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS). The WBDOSS, a collaboration between the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), tracks, analyzes and describes waterborne disease outbreaks at a national level.The guidance in this document has been organized to correspond to the sections in NORS. Sections in NORS for waterborne disease reporting include the General Section, Water section, Etiology & Lab section, the Attachments section, and one section for the type of water exposure (e.g., Drinking, Rec. Treated). In each section, there can be one or multiple tabs (e.g., Type of Water Exposure, Epidemiologic Data).cdc_5212_guidance.pdf201
J Occup Environ Med. 60(10):886-895
Get PDFObjectiveEpidemiology suggests that occupational exposure to hand-transmitted (segmental) vibration has local and systemic effects. This study used an animal model of segmental vibration to characterize the systemic effects of vibration.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to tail vibration for 10 days. Genes indicative of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell cycle, along were measured in the heart, kidney, prostate and liver.ResultsVibration increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory gene expression, and decreased anti-oxidant enzymes in heart tissue. In the prostate and liver, vibration resulted in changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and genes involved in cell cycle regulation.ConclusionsThese changes are consistent with epidemiological studies suggesting that segmental vibration has systemic effects. These effects may be mediated by changes in autonomic nervous system function, and/or inflammation and oxidative stress.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Chem Res Toxicol
Get PDFNerve agents and organophosphorus pesticides make a covalent bond with the active site serine of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in inhibition of AChE activity and toxic symptoms. AChE in red blood cells (RBCs) serves as a surrogate for AChE in the nervous system. Mass spectrometry analysis of adducts on RBC AChE could provide evidence of exposure. Our goal was to develop a method of immunopurifying human RBC AChE in quantities adequate for detecting exposure by mass spectrometry. For this purpose, we immobilized 3 commercially available anti-human acetylcholinesterase monoclonal antibodies (AE-1, AE-2, and HR2) plus 3 new monoclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibodies were characterized for binding affinity, epitope mapping by pairing analysis, and nucleotide and amino acid sequences. AChE was solubilized from frozen RBCs with 1% (v/v) Triton X-100. A 16 mL sample containing 5.8 \u3bcg of RBC AChE was treated with a quantity of soman model compound that inhibited 50% of the AChE activity. Native and soman-inhibited RBC AChE samples were immunopurified on antibody-Sepharose beads. The immunopurified RBC AChE was digested with pepsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on a 6600 Triple-TOF mass spectrometer. The aged soman-modified PheGlyGluSerAlaGlyAlaAlaSer (FGESAGAAS) peptide was detected using a targeted analysis method. It was concluded that all 6 monoclonal antibodies could be used to immunopurify RBC AChE and that exposure to nerve agents could be detected as adducts on the active site serine of RBC AChE.P30 CA036727/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States2018-09-11T00:00:00Z28892361PMC564637
Epilepsy Behav
Get PDFObjectives:Serious mental illness is disproportionately common in people with epilepsy and contributes to complications and mortality. Few care approaches specifically target individuals who have epilepsy and severe mental illness. These investigators used an iterative process to refine an existing intervention and tested the novel intervention, Targeted Self-Management for Epilepsy and Mental Illness (TIME) in individuals with epilepsy and comorbid mental illness (E-MI)Methods:TIME was developed with input from a community advisory board and then tested for feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy in people with E-MI, using a 16-week prospective randomized controlled design comparing TIME (N=22) vs. treatment as usual (TAU, N=22). Primary outcome was change in depressive symptoms, assessed by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Secondary assessments included global psychiatric symptom severity, seizure frequency, sleep patterns, quality of life, stigma, social support and self-efficacy.Results:There were 44 individuals enrolled, mean age 48.25 (SD = 11.82) with 25 (56.8%) African-Americans. The majority, (N=31, 70.5%), were unemployed and most (N=41, 95.5%) had annual income < U.S. $25,000. With respect to study retention, there were 36 individuals (18 in TIME, 18 in TAU) assessed at 12 weeks and 35 individuals (19 in TIME, 16 in TAU) assessed at 16 weeks. There was a significant effect for MADRS (p=0.036; effect size of 0.70), with lower MADRS at 16 weeks in TIME, while TAU MADRS did not change. Differences between most secondary measures were not statistically significant.Significance:The TIME intervention engages individuals to actively participate in self-management, and can reduce depression in E-MI. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy complicated by serious mental illness, additional research is needed to better identify how TIME might be implemented in routine care settings.U48 DP001930/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 67, No. 43, November 2, 2018
No full textNational Diabetes Month \u2014 November 2018Prevalence and Changes in Preexisting Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Among Women Who Had a Live Birth \u2014 United States, 2012\u20132016 / Nicholas P. Deputy, PhD; Shin Y. Kim, MPH; Elizabeth J. Conrey, PhD; et al.Hepatitis A Virus Outbreaks Associated with Drug Use and Homelessness \u2014 California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017 / Monique Foster, MD; Sumathi Ramachandran, PhD; Katie Myatt, MS; et al.Violence Victimization, Substance Use, and Suicide Risk Among Sexual Minority High School Students \u2014 United States, 2015\u20132017 / Michelle M. Johns, PhD; Richard Lowry, MD; Catherine N. Rasberry, PhD; et al.Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis and for Preexposure Prophylaxis for International Travel / Noele P. Nelson, MD, PhD; Ruth Link-Gelles, PhD; Megan G. Hofmeister, MD; et al.Notes from the Field: Intestinal Colonization and Possible Iatrogenic Botulism in Mouse Bioassay\u2013Negative Serum Specimens \u2014 Los Angeles County, California, November 2017 / Umme-Aiman Halai, MD; Dawn Terashita, MD; Moon Kim, MD; et al.QuickStats: Percentage of Residential Care Communities, by U.S. Census Region \u2014 National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, 2012\u20132016
Did you get enough sleep last nigh?
Get PDF35% of U.S. adults are not getting the recommended 7 hours of sleep each night.READ WHAT YOU CAN DO TO GET MORE SLEEPwww.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleepCS263695BPublication date from document properties.Infographic.pdf201