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Equilibrium, Kinetic and thermodynamic study of adsorption of Safranine O dye from aqueous solution by Bael tree(Aegle marmelos)bark powder
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Bael tree bark powder is used as an adsorbent to remove Safranine O (SO) dye from aqueous solutionsThe percentage of Safranine O dye removal, the effects of initial dye concentration, variou s temperatures, contact time, pH influence, and adsorbent dose were examined. An increase in contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature the betterremoval of SO dye is observed. To examine the equilibrium data, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied. The Langmuir
adsorption isotherm was used to validate the homogeneous adsorption of SO onto Bael tree bark.The mono layer adsorption capacity of Bael tree bark was found to be 4.88 x 10-4mol/g. Using fictitious first order and second order equations, the kinetic data was examined. The kinetic analyses revealed that chemisorption of the SO dye over the bark of the bael tree powder follows the pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.999). The use of bael tree bark powder for removal of the SO dye
can be considered to be the best approach as far as water quality and environmental safety is concerned
Comparative investigations on the bioactivity of surface grain refined titanium and surface oxidized titanium for biomedical implant applications
No full textSurface engineering of titanium (Ti) for medical implant applications is an active research area in the biomedical field across the globe. Improving the bioactivity of the Ti surface is crucial for implant applications where osseointegration is essentially required to enhance the healing rate. In the
present work, shot peening followed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatments were applied to pure Ti with an objective to investigate the role of surface grain refinement and the oxide layer on biomineralization ability to assess the bioactivity of the surface. After shot peening with steel balls, Ti substrates were subjected to MAO using sodium phosphate solution. Grain refinement was observed at the surface after the shot peening at a submicrometer levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 µm for a thickness of 50µm. Ti sheets subjected to MAO exhibited a porous oxide layer on the surface. From the XRD analysis, the TiO2 layer was observed as a combination of anatase and rutile. Higher Ca/P-based apatite deposition on shot-peened Ti compared with MAO Ti was observed in the in vitro immersion studies. The results indicated increased bioactivity for grain refined Ti compared with MAO Ti. Hence, it is concluded that the microstructure influences the bioactivity of Ti implants compared with the oxide layer
Static analysis of honeycomb sandwich structure
No full textSandwich structure possess one or more than one layers which are stiff in nature with a core having flexibility. Facings have the capability to carry load, which comes from the core. There are several sandwich structure available with variety of applications. Due to weight sensitive these structures are used in aircraft and satellites. Honeycomb sandwich structure with angle 30 have been modelled and analysis had done and results are obtained and graphs have been plotted between displacement-w and length of facesheet of honeycomb structure, analysis have done on honeycomb sandwich structure with different support conditions like cccc (all edges clamped), scsc (opposite edges are in same support condition), hhhh
(all edges are in hinged conditions), ssss (all edges are in simply supported conditions) and it has been observed that cccc condition gives less displacement compared with ‘scsc’, ‘hhhh’, ‘ssss’. Analysis had carried out on honeycomb structure under different loadings such as point load, UDL, Pressure load and it
has been observed that the deformation is high under pressure lo
A Two-Stage approach with CVAE and extreme value theory for an intrusion detection system
Get PDF- This research aims to provide the framework for developing an intelligent intrusion detection system capable of classifying known and unknown attacks to protect organizations and their related information systems from catastrophic loss. Specifically, we reduce the identification risk of inferring unknown attacks by first formulating the problem of fine-grained known/novel intrusion detection as a two-stage minimization problem, where the first stage seeks a score measure for minimizing the empirical risk of misclassifying the known attacks. We developed a hierarchical intrusion detection system based on classconditioned auto-encoders due to the complex nature of the problem. In the second phase, extreme value theory describesthe distribution of reconstruction mistakes to make
distinguishing between unknown and known attacks easier
since the former tend to have more significant reconstruction
errors. We constructed a benign clustering module to study the
multimodal distribution of benign traffic to reduce the number
of false positives. The proposed method is evaluated using
two widely used intrusion detection datasets, with positive
results showing improved detection rates for previously
undiscovered attacks while maintaining a low false positive
rat
Accident Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Get PDF— to develop a CNN model for accident detection, a
large dataset of accident and non-accident images will be
required for training and testing the model. The dataset should
be diverse and cover a range of accident scenarios to ensure that the model is robust and can detect different types of accidents. Once the CNN model is trained, it can be used to process the live video feed from the CCTV camera installed on the highway. Each frame of the video can be passed through the CNN model to classify it as an accident or non-accident frame. If an accident is detected, an alert can be sent to the nearest emergency services or to a central control room to initiate the required rescue operation. One potential challenge with this approach is the need for real-time processing of the video feed to ensure that accidents are detected promptly. This may require high-performance computing hardware and optimized software algorithms to ensure that the CNN model can process the frames of the video in real-time. The proposed system to detect accidents based on the live feed of video from a CCTV camera using a deep learning convolution neural network model is a promising approach. CNNs have indeed been shown to be highly effective for image classification tasks and have been successfully used in many applications, including object detection and recognition. In summary, the proposed system using a CNN-based model to detect accidents based on live video feed from CCTV cameras has great potential to reduce the number of accident-related deaths in India by enabling timely help to reach accident victims. However, the development and implementation of such a system will require significant resources and expertise in computer vision, deep learning, and real-time processin
Fixed Point Theorems of Almost Generalized Contractive Mappings in b-Metric Spaces and an Application to Integral Equation
Get PDFIn this study, we have new fixed point results for weak contraction mappings in complete and partially ordered b-metric spaces. Our findings expand and generalize the results of Jachymski and Mituku et al and many more results in the literature as well. To illustrate our work, we present an application on the existence and uniqueness of a nonlinear quadratic integral problem solution. Moreover, an open problem is presented to enable the scope for future research in this area
Oscillatory Flow of Dusty Fluid Through a Narrowed Channel in the Presence of Magnetic Field
No full textInvestigation of pulsatile flow of a dusty fluid in the presence of magnetic filled through a two-dimensional restricted channel is done. Stream function, fluid velocity, the velocity of dust particles and pressure distribution have been studied and a solution is obtained using the perturbation method under long-wavelength approximation. It has been observed that the streamline changes as magnetic parameter changes. Also when the parameter of magnetic effects increases the shear stress of the fluid increases but pressure decreases
Temperature analysis of hydrodynamic journal bearing lubrication with a moving journal and a fixed bearing
No full textThe need for bearings in a variety of heavily loaded machines,
including the influence of pressure and temperature, is generating
increasing interest in studying the operating environment for
magazine bearings. The purpose of this work is to develop a semi-
analytical solution by introducing a new delta profile concept of the
location of zero velocity gradients to obtain the simplest form of
the equation of energy and Reynolds. In the journal bearing, assum
ing that journal is rotating and bearing is fixed, a hydrodynamic
lubrication is modelled with the Power Law fluid. The lubricant
temperature effect is examined under isothermal limits and the
results obtained are much more realistic with the experimental
results
Export Competitiveness of Important Cereals in India
Get PDFIndia occupied second place in production of rice, wheat and other cereals in the world. Export of cereals stood at 10064 USD Millions. Rice (including Basmathi and non Basmathi) occupied the major share in India’s total cereals export with 77.6 per cent in terms of quantity and 87.6 per cent in terms of value of exports during the year 2020-21.It is important to know the export competitiveness of Indian cereals as it leads to countries economic growth. The present study was taken-up to study the export competitiveness of important cereals from India. Secondary data on area, production and productivity, export quantity, domestic prices and border prices or (reference price) of cereals from India were collected from FAO, agricultural prices in India year books and AGMARK for the period of 21 years i.e., from 2000-01 to 2020-21. Compound Growth Rates, Cuddy Della Valle Index and Nominal Protection Coefficient were used for the study. The results revealed that among the selected crops maize showed better performance in area, production and Productivity during the study period. Except wheat all the other cereals under study showed positive growth rate in quantity exported in the first period and also during overall period. The instability was less in the area, production and productivity and high in the quantity of the commodity exported. All the selected cereals had moderate export competitiveness during the first period and except rice other cereals became noncompetitive during second period
Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Baricitinib Impurities
Get PDFABSTRACT: Baricitinib is a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and it acts as an inhibitor of Janus kinase. During the synthesis of baricitinib, three unknown impurities were identified in several
batches between 0.10 and 0.15% using high-performance liquid chromatography. The unknown compounds were isolated and identified as N-((3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl)ethane sulfona�mide (lactone impurity, BCL), 2-(3-(4-(7H-[4,7′-bipyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin]-4′-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1-(ethylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl)acetonitrile (dimer impurity, BCD),
and 2-(1-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(4-(7-(hydroxymethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl)azetidin-3-yl) acetonitrile (hydroxymethyl, BHM). These compounds were synthesized and confirmed against the isolated samples. The structures of all the
three impurities were confirmed by extensive analysis of 1
H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The lactone impurity formation was explained by a plausible mechanism. The outcome of this study was very useful for scientists working in process as well as in formulation development. To
synthesize highly pure baricitinib drug substance, these impurities can be used as reference standards due to their potential importanc