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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) dispersion in water free organic solvents using sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) as new polymeric template
No full textABSTRACT
Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a class of very good conducting poly�mers widely used in various optoelectronics and other applications. Though PEDOT:PSS is generally dispersed in an aqueous solvent and displays high acidity and hygroscopic characteristics that weaken the device’s perfor�mance and stability. In this regard, we report the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) dispersion in water-free organic solvents with the use of post sulfonated poly (ether sulfone) (P-SPES) as a new
polymeric template material. In-situ polymerization of EDOT in P-SPES was carried out using iron(III)p�toluenesulfonate hexahydrate (FePTS) as the oxidant in various non-aqueous solvents resulting in stable dark blue colloidal PEDOT dispersion. The purified PEDOT:P-SPES complex was spin-coated over the glass substrate and checked for conductivity and transmittance. The particle size and roughness of the PEDOT dispersion were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical conductivity was observed at ~0.08 S/cm with a transparency of 94%. The prepared PEDOT dispersion in
organic solvent explores a new pathway for the fabrication of organic electronic devices with water-free pro�cessing as requirement in optoelectronic applications to improve the device performance
Synthesis and biological evolution of aryl quinolin-benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole as anticancer agents
No full textABSTRACT
A new series of aryl quinolin-benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole (11a-j) compounds were designed and synthesized and their structures were determined using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectral
data. Furthermore, compounds (11a-j) were tested for preliminary anticancer effects on four human cancer cell lines: SiHa (cervix cancer), A549 (lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and Colo-205 (colon cancer), with etoposide serving as a positive control. The majority of the de�rivatives had moderate to high activity. Four of them (11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d) showed the most promising activities as positive controls. Particularly, the 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituted compound 11a SiHa=0.012±0.0054 µM; A549=0.043±0.007 µM; MCF-7 = 0.19±0.039 µM and Colo�205=0.11±0.058 µM) exhibits excellent anticancer activit
Intelligent latency-aware tasks prioritization and offloading strategy in Distributed Fog-Cloud of Things
Get PDFOffloading the dynamic tasks with fog computing is envisioned as a viable option for prolonging resource-limited constraints and improving the computational and communicational latency for delay-sensitive IoT applications. Besides, the priority of tasks and the target layers for offloading them to minimize the incurred service latency is a prime concern in layered computing architecture. To leverage the efficiency of the underlying computing nodes for the tasks’ heterogeneity and computational requirements with deadline constraints, this article presents a fuzzy logic technique to prioritize the tasks based on their resource requirements and associated deadline. For efficient scheduling, an elitism-based multipopulation Jaya
is proposed to map these disparate groups of tasks to a
cluster amalgamation of computational-rich heterogeneous
computing nodes. Moreover, a compatibility-based heuristic offloading strategy is devised to determine compatible
computing nodes to offload the computations considering
the availability of resources and communicational time from
the respective IoT devices. Finally, extensive simulations
are carried out with conflicting scheduling parameters appraising the efficacy of the proposed strategy over existing
algorithms. The percentages of improvements of the proposed algorithm over the compared algorithms are 35% and
28% for average waiting. time and average service latency,
respectivel
Effectiveness and Limitations of Existing Techniques for Privacy Preservation Data Mining (PPDM) for Medical Data
Get PDFBackground & Objective: This survey paper examines the
application of Federated Learning (FL) and secure Multiparty
Computing (MPC) considering medical data privacy, further
provides an overview of FL and MPC techniques and discusses
their strengths and weaknesses. This also covers other techniques like Homomorphic Encryption, data masking, differential privacy for its efficiency, and limitations.
Methods: Eligibility Criteria: For this survey PRISMA[1]
framework was employed and popular electronic databases like
IEEE, Computers and Security, Bioinformatics, and Google
Scholar were scanned along with government websites and
research web pages. Papers published between 2018 and 2023
and written in English are considered for the survey. This survey
further provides direction towards the future research and
potential challenges in the deployment of these techniques at a
scale. Results: The search was restricted for the period between
2018 and 2023. Initially, ~100 papers were shortlisted, and after a though review of each paper, finally selected ~35 for this work.
However, papers from earlier years are also included as they are
found to be relevant for this study. Fig4 below describes the
article selection process. Apart from the research papers,
government websites are also referred for information on various laws, regulations, and compliance for the privacy of the patient’s information. Acts like HIPPA[7], GDPR[8], PDP[9] are reviewed thoroughly to ensure all the aspects are covered to present this survey. Conclusion: The information used in the data mining process comes from data, and such data include personal data about people. Since knowledge is derived from data, the main goal of privacy-preserving data mining is the development of algorithms to conceal or protect certain sensitive information so that it cannot be disclosed to unintended users, hackers, or intruders. Various techniques like homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, data masking, data aggregation, multiparty computation is studied, one single technique may not be sufficient to provide an end-to-end solution. In the future work, we would like to explore on multiple techniques to build a secured ML model
On intelligent Prakriti assessment in Ayurveda: a comparative study
No full textPredictive medicine for a holistic and proactive approach to health management is steadily replacing the reactive healthcare model as the dominant paradigm in the twenty-first century. The Ayurvedic medical system, which incorporates all parts of predictive medicine, divides people into seven constitution types, or Prakriti, to help practitioners determine their initial homeostatic conditions. This article uses data on the phenotypic characteristics of 217 healthy people who fall into three extreme Prakriti types to conduct a study for predicting Prakriti classes. Those who fit the Prakriti type are drawn from two genetically different northern and western India cohorts. In order to dichotomize inter-individual variability in various individuals, eight machine learning (ML) classifiers are used. The prediction skills of the ML algorithms are evaluated here using ten pairs of predefined training and testing datasets for each cohort. Lastly, a performance comparison of various ML algorithms is carried out using six crucial performance criteria. The study aims to investigate and appraise using artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate Prakriti in Ayurveda. The use of AI in Prakriti assessment may have several advantages, including enhancing the consistency and accuracy of assessments and minimizing reliance on subjective judgements. This study aims to further our knowledge of how technology can be applied to enhance the practice of Ayurveda and possibly improve patient outcomes
Valorization of Adhatoda vasica leaves: Extraction In vitro analyses and in silico approaches
Get PDFAdhatoda vasica (also called Vasaka) is a traditional medicinal herb used traditionally for the relief of cough, asthma, nasal congestion, bronchial inflammation, upper respiratory infections, bleeding disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, tuberculosis, diabetes, allergic conditions, rheumatism, tumor, and many more diseases. The present study aims to investigate the biological activities of vasicine, a potent alkaloid from A. vasica with different biological/ pharmacological assays and in silico techniques. Vasicine showed antimicrobial activity as evidenced fromthe colony-forming unit assay. It showed antioxidant activity in ABTS scavenging assay (IC50 = 11.5 μg/ml), ferric reducing power assay (IC50 = 15 μg/ml), DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 18.2 μg/ml), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (IC50 = 22 μg/ml), and hydrogen peroxide assay (IC50 = 27.8 μg/ml). It also showed anti-inflammatory activity in proteinase inhibitory assay (IC50 = 76 μg/ml), BSA method (IC50 = 51.7 μg/ml), egg albumin method (IC50 = 53.2 μg/ml), and lipooxygenase inhibition assay (IC50 = 76 μg/ml). Vasicine showed antidiabetic activity in α-amylase inhibition assay (IC50 = 47.6 μg/ml), α-glucosidase inhibition assay (IC50 = 49.68 μg/ml), and non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin assay. It showed antiviral activity against HIV-protease (IC50 = 38.5 μg/ml). Vasicine also showed anticancer activity against lung cancer cells (IC50 = 46.5 μg/ml) and human fibroblast cells (IC50 = 82.5 μg/ml). In silico studies revealed that similar to the native ligands, vasicine also showed a low binding energy, i.e., good binding affinity for the active binding sites and interacted with α-amylase (-6.7 kcal/mol), α-glucosidase (-7.6 kcal/mol), cyclooxygenase (-7.4 kcal/mol), epidermal growth factor receptor (-6.4 kcal/mol), lipooxygenase (-6.9 kcal/mol), and HIV-protease (-6.4 kcal/mol). The present study ascertains the potential of vasicine as a bioactive compound isolated from A. vasica having therapeutic usefulness in many human diseases
Utilizing Andrographis paniculata leaves and roots by effective usage of the bioactive andrographolide and its nanodelivery: investigation of antikindling and antioxidant activities through in silico and in vivo studies
Get PDFTo valorise the bioactive constituents abundant in leaves and other parts of medicinal plants with the objective to minimize the plant-based wastes, this study was undertaken. The main bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, an Asian medicinal plant, is andrographolide (AG, a diterpenoid), which has shown promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses. Continuous electrical activity in the brain is a hallmark of the abnormal neurological conditions such as epilepsy (EY). This can lead to neurological sequelae. In this study, we used GSE28674 as a microarray expression profiling dataset to identify DEGs associated with andrographolide and those with fold changes >1 and p-value <0.05 GEO2R. We obtained eight DEG datasets (two up and six down). There was marked enrichment under various Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) terms for these DEGs (DUSP10, FN1, AR, PRKCE, CA12, RBP4, GABRG2, and GABRA2). Synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes were the predominant sites of DEG expression. AG acts as an antiepileptic agent by upregulating GABA levels. The low bioavailability of AG is a significant limitation of its application. To control these limitations, andrographolide nanoparticles (AGNPs) were prepared and their neuroprotective effect against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling epilepsy was investigated using network pharmacology (NP) and docking studies to evaluate the antiepileptic multi-target mechanisms of AG. Andrographolide is associated with eight targets in the treatment of epilepsy. Nicotine addiction, GABAergic synapse, and morphine addiction were mainly related to epilepsy, according to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (p < 0.05). A docking study showed that andrographolide interacted with the key targets. AG regulates epilepsy and exerts its therapeutic effects by stimulating GABA production. Rats received 80 mg/kg body weight of AG and AGNP, phenytoin and PTZ (30 mg/kg i.p. injection on alternate days), brain MDA, SOD, GSH, GABAand histological changes of hippocampus and cortex were observed. PTZ injected rats showed significantly (***p < 0.001) increased kindling behavior, increased MDA, decreased GSH, SOD, GABA activities, compared with normal rats, while treatment AGNPs significantly reduced kindling score and reversed oxidative damage. Finally, we conclude that the leaves and roots of A. Paniculata can be effectively utilized for its major bioactive constituent, andrographolide as a potent anti-epileptic agent. Furthermore, the findings of novel nanotherapeutic approach claim that nano-andrographolide can be successfully in the management of kindling seizures and neurodegenerative disorders
Non-precious transition metal-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
No full textAbstract
A non-platinum metal catalyst, TiNx-C, was synthesized through the high-pressure pyrolysis method, which was characterized
using a transmission electron microscope, surface area measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fne structure (XAFS) studies. XPS analysis indicates the presence of Ti in 4+oxidation state, and XAFS meas�urement indicates the coordination number of Ti to be 4 and the Ti-N bond length to be 2.1 Å. Ti-C was used as reference
material. After fabricating dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), TiNx-C catalyst-based counter electrode (CE) exhibited com�parable electrical performance as Pt-based counter electrode. Replacing Pt with inexpensive TiNx-C is considered an efort
to lower the cost of the DSSC. In the DSSC, the TiNx-C CE showed comparable performance to Pt CE. Using TiNx-C as
CE, a FF of 0.58, η of 6% JSC of 14.4 mA cm−2, and VOC of 0.73 V were obtained. The Pt CE-based DSSC exhibited a FF
of 0.58, η of 7.2%, JSC of 16.0 mA cm−2, and VOC of 0.78
Smart bio-nano interface derived from zein protein as receptors for biotinyl moiety
No full textABSTRACT
Proteinaceous, tunable nanostructures of zein (prolamine of corn) were developed as biotinyl-specific receptors
using a molecular imprinting technique. Sacrificial templates, such as latex beads (LB3) and anodized alumina
membrane (AAM), have been used to control nanostructural patterns in biotin-imprinted zein (BMZ). Briefly, a
methanolic solution of the zein-biotin complex was drop cast upon a self-organized LB3 and AAM templates on
Au/quartz surfaces. Subsequent dissolution of these sacrificial templates affords highly oriented, predetermined,
and uniformly grown hyperporous (300 nm) and nanowires (150 nm) motifs of zein (BMZ-LB3 and BMZ-AAM),
as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Selective extraction of biotin molecular template cast-off site�selective biotin imprints within these zein nanostructures complementary to biotinyl moieties. Alternatively,
biotin-imprinted zein nanoparticles (BMZ-Np) and thin film (BMZ-MeOH) were prepared by coacervation and
drop casting methods, respectively. Density functional theoretical (DFT) studies reveal strong hydrogen-bonded
interaction of biotin with serine and glutamine residues of zein. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies show
remarkable sensitivity of the hyperporous-BMZ-LB3 and nanowires of BMZ-AAM towards biotin derivative
(biotin methyl ester) by five (24.75 ± 1.34 Hz/mM) and four (18.19 ± 0.75 Hz/mM) times, respectively, higher
than the BMZ-MeOH. Enhanced permeability features of the zein nanostructures, when templated with LB3,
enable the QCM detection of biotin- or its derivatives down to 12.9 ng mL− 1 from dairy products (Kefir). The
outcome of this study shall be a key aspect in interfacing biological materials with micro-/nano-sensors and
electronic devices for detecting pertinent analytes using sustainably developed biopolymer-based nanostructure
Synthesis of tetrahydrochromenes and dihydronaphthofurans via a cascade process of [3 + 3] and [3 + 2] annulation reactions: mechanistic insight for 6-endo-trig and 5-exo-trig cyclisation†
Get PDFSubstituted tetrahydrochromenes and dihydronaphthofurans are easily accessible by the treatment of b�tetralone with trans-b-nitro styrene derived Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates through a formal [3 +3]/[3 + 2] annulation. The reaction proceeds through a cascade Michael/oxa-Michael pathway with
moderate to good yields. A DFT study was carried out to account for the formation of the corresponding six and five-membered heterocycles via 6-endo-trig and 5-exo-trig cyclizatio