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Evaluation of fodder yield and fodder quality in sorghum and its interaction with grain yield under different water availability regimes
No full textSorghum is widely grown as a failsafe crop in semi-arid regions particularly in post rainy season. Though the effect of drought on crop performance is studied widely there are few studies illustrating the association of fodder quality and agronomic traits under drought. To study the interactions we evaluated a set of 24 cultivars under drought for three years in post rainy season. The effect of drought was evident in delayed flowering (by 2 days) and reduce plant height (by 0.98 cm) compared to control. The fodder digestibility traits were reduced (in vitro organic matter digestibility by 2.25 times) under drought. All the plant growth and yield parameters recorded higher heritability compared to fodder quality parameters (<0.75) in most of the season in both control and stress environments. The scatter plot showed best (ICSV700-P10, N13, PB15881-3, SP 2417-P3) and poor (296B, ICSB377-P1, ICSV1, IS9830) performing entries in control and stress plots. The agronomic and the fodder quality traits have shown no significant relationship between them, hence independent association can be utilized to breed for desirable traits. Identification of contrasting lines could be the key to identify genes controlling the fodder quality traits under drought
Related substances method development and validation of an LCMS/MS method for quantification of selexipag and its related impurities in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
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The present application wish to seem at the event of validation of bio analytical method and pharmacokinetic study of selexipag and its related impurities in rat plasma using LC–MS/MS. The optimized method contains gradient elution of selexipag with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and X-Bridge phenyl column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µ). A buffer of 1 mL formic acid in l liter water and acetonitrile mixture is used as mobile phase. 30 min run time was used for separation of selexipag and its related impurities with Ambrisentan as internal standard and impurity-D as active metabolite. The linearity curves are linear in between the percentages of 10 to 200% of rat plasma and R 2 value of each analyte was observed as 0.999. This application denotes all the parameters like precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were got the results within the limit of USFDA guidelines. This method applies effectively for the investigation of pharmacokinetic studies using rat plasma
Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations
No full textIdeal sillenite type Bi12FeO20 (BFO) micron sized single crystals have been successfully grown via inexpensive hydrothermal method. The refined single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic Bi12FeO20 structure with single crystal parameters. Occurrence of rare Fe4+ state is identified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The lattice parameter (a) and corresponding molar volume (Vm) of Bi12FeO20 have been measured in the temperature range of 30–700 °C by the X-ray diffraction method. The thermal expansion coefficient (α) 3.93 × 10–5 K−1 was calculated from the measured values of the parameters. Electronic structure and density of states are investigated by first principle calculations. Photoelectrochemical measurements on single crystals with bandgap of 2 eV reveal significant photo response. The photoactivity of as grown crystals were further investigated by degrading organic effluents such as Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) under natural sunlight. BFO showed photodegradation efficiency about 74.23% and 32.10% for degrading MB and CR respectively. Interesting morphology and microstructure of pointed spearhead like BFO crystals provide a new insight in designing and synthesizing multifunctional single crystals
A review on current advances in machine learning based diabetes prediction
No full textThe aquatic ecosystem is under threat due to the continuous inlet of various emerging contaminants affecting the
inhabiting organisms. The Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are among the most abundantly produced nanoparticles
globally posing a threat to the aquatic organisms because of their entry into aquatic ecosystem through various
point and nonpoint sources. In this work, we report the toxicological impacts of SiNPs on fresh water snail Pila
virens (P.virens) as a biomonitor. The acute toxicity of SiNPs on P. virens was performed in a 96 h static renewal tests. The median lethal concentration of SiNPs for 96 h on P. virens is 366.92 μg/L. The P. virens were exposed to 165 μg/L for 24 and 48 h respectively shown a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, su- peroxide dismutase and reduction in total glutathione content in comparison to their controls. The fresh water edible snail P. virens serve as model organisms for other engineered nanomaterials toxicity
Eco‑friendly fully bio‑based polybenzoxazine‑silica hybrid materials by sol–gel approach
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In the present work, a high thermal and fame-retardant polybenzoxazine-silica hybrid material has been synthesized using renewable raw materials (including eugenol and furfurylamine) via a greener sol–gel-based approach. Inorganic com�ponent tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was introduced into eugenol benzoxazine (BZ–E–F) with the help of (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as a coupling
agent viz thiol-ene click approach among the mercapto group (–SH) of MPTMS and allyl functional group in the eugenol. The developed BZ–E–F monomer and PBZ–E–F hybrids are characterized to check the molecular structures, curing behaviour, thermal stability and fame-retardant properties. The thermal studies reveal that the char yield increases to 67.54 from 41.32 and LOI increased to 44.52 from 34.03
for PBZ–E–F silica hybrid. The thermal and fame-resistant studies strongly sug�gest that the prepared sustainable and eco-friendly PBZ silica hybrid can be used to replace the petroleum-based polymeric materials for better thermal and fame�resistant applications
A Computational Approach on Engineering Short Spacer for Carbazole�based Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
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Donor-π-linker-acceptor (D-π-A) push-pull dye molecules are most common in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) applications. Selection of dye molecules for DSSCs is based on their ability
to absorb light in the visible spectrum. This can be done more efficiently by positioning the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) with respect to the conduction band of the semiconductor and the redox potential of the electrolyte, respectively. The photocurrent is manipulated by the extent of light absorption,
planarity of the π-linker for efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), oxidized dye reorganization energy () and dye regeneration driving force (Greg). In a quest of achieving
panchromatic absorption up to near-IR region, mostly electron-rich chromophores and their oligo form were used in the π-segment, but this approach led to poor ICT. In this computational analysis, we have explored the effect of electron-withdrawing (cyano (-CN)) and donating groups (methoxy (-OMe)) in three different π-segment length to understand the carbazole dyes’ suitability for DSSCs using onset wavelength (onset), , ICT and Greg as the figure-of-merits
Applications of Density Functional Theory on Heavy Metal Sensor and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
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A great effort has been devoted to develop the numerical methods to solve Schrödinger equation for atoms and molecules which help to reveal the physico�chemical process and properties of various known/unknown materials. Designing
the efficient probe to sense the heavy metals is a crucial process in chemistry. And, during this energy crisis, to find the effective conversion materials for water split�ting is an important approach. The density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful
tool to identify such materials and made great achievements in the field of heavy metal chemosensor and photocatalysis. Particularly, DFT helps to design the chemosensor for the effective sensor applications. The universe is moving towards
the exhaustion of fossil fuels in a decade and so on, DFT plays a vital role to find the green energetic alternative to fossil fuel which is the Hydrogen energy. This book chapter will focus on the application of DFT deliberately on the heavy metal sensors
and hydrogen evolution reaction
Design And Analysis Of Different Multi-Level Inverter Topologies For Single Phase Im Drive
No full textA PWM technique can be used to increase the level of the converter voltage. The duty ratio of PWM controller plays a major role in controlling the step-up converter operation to obtain the required output level. The output of the boost converter is converter into AC by using the Inverter and fed to the induction motor (IM). The operation of the IM is mainly based on the suitable choice of converter-inverter system. Inverter operation is controlled by a PWM switching technique. This paper mainly deals with the photovoltaic (PV) integration of Voltage Multiplier circuit and an inverter fed IM drive. Solar energy from the renewable resource is the primary source for the converter circuit. In renewable energy applications, a new high step-up converter is used to boost up the input variable low-voltage. Converter doubles the input voltage by using a voltage multiplier circuit. The proposed model is designed and simulation is done and the output waveforms are plotte
Experimental Studies on Deep Cryo Treated Plus Tempered Tungsten Carbide Inserts in Turning Operation
No full textImproving the tool life will increase the production by reducing the tool change time and tool cost. Various surface modification techniques are available such as commercial coatings method, cryogenic treatment, nitriding and cyaniding. The
cryogenic treatment of the cutting tools enhances the micro-structural properties of the tool and used in increasing the tool life. In the present work, cryogenic treated tungsten carbide tool is used to examine the machinability characteristics on low�carbon AISI 1020 steel for turning operation. The experimental study on machining operations is conducted by Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array for three levels with three
factors. The governing parameters of cutting velocity, feed rate and depth of cut on tool wear rate and surface finish on the machined surface. The effect of each parameter on output response is verified through ANOVA. In that, the depth of cut
is the most significant factor compared to other factors. The optimum machining condition is predicted through grey relational analysis
Size-dependent whispering gallery modes in Au-coated ZnO microrods
No full textWe investigated the structural and optical properties of nanoparticle-assisted pulsed laser-deposited ZnO microrods and Au-coated ZnO microrods grown on Si substrate. Our present study indicates that Au-coated ZnO microrods exhibit whispering gallery modes (WGM) in the near band edge region with significant splitting into two branches. Moreover, the WGMs exhibited blue shift with decrease in rod size. We found that the modes are well split in Au coated ZnO rods when compared with as-grown rods, resulted from the plasmon enhancement of WGM modes. We also found that the Au-coated ZnO was stable in the ambient when compared with uncoated ZnO. WGM resonance from the exciton related emission, the enhancement in WGMs, and stability in the ambient condition of the Au-coated ZnO microrods suggest great potential for small-volume devices and microlasers