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What Can Typing Tell Us About Language Production?
Full text linkFirst published as a Review in Advance on October 15,2025.Although research on typing has not exactly been sparse, studying typing within a psycholinguistic framework has not been a common approach. This article argues in favor of this practice. By reviewing findings on patterns of typing errors and statistical learning in typed production, as well as influences of various factors on typing, including the similarity between the target word and its context, we show that typing has much in common with other modalities of language production and should be viewed as reflecting the general architecture of the language production system. We then discuss some of the contributions of typing research to the action-monitoring literature due to the unique position that typing occupies at the intersection of phonological, orthographic, visual, and motor processes. We end by encouraging greater integration of typing research into psycholinguistic frameworks, not simply to confirm the predictions of such theories but to break new frontiers and push for new domains of inquiry.S.P. is supported by the Basque Government through the Basque Excellence Research Centres 2022–2025 program and the Spanish State Research Agency through Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.M. is supported by a grant from the Ghent University Special Research Fund
How sleep redraws phonemic categories after auditory selective adaptation
Full text linkPublished online 14th January, 2026.After information has either been perceived or brought into working memory from long-term memory, it may remain active for hours or days. There is extensive evidence that sleep can consolidate newly learned material into long-term memory, and some recent work shows that sleep may also help clear out either unneeded or already established information. We examine the effect of sleep on a third type of information: adjustments to established speech categories caused by repeated exposure to a speech sound-selective adaptation. We find that sleep does not consolidate selective adaptation per se. Instead, sleep implements a change in phoneme category frequency to reflect the properties of the input-the many instances of the adapting sound that had been presented repeatedly. While adaptation temporarily reduces the perception of tokens similar to the repeating sound, sleep increases their perception, producing a "reverse adaptation" pattern. The results constrain models of phoneme category adjustment, favoring those that have separate mechanisms for assimilative versus contrastive effects over those with a single mechanism for both types of effects.This research was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (UK) (Standard Grant #ES/R006288/1). Additional support was provided by the Spanish State Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund through Grant
#PID2020-113348 GB-I00, by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program, and by the Spanish State Research Agency through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres/Units of Excellence in Research and Development CEX2020-001010/
AEI/10.13039/501100011033
Statistical Learning Subserves a Higher Purpose: Novelty Detection in an Information Foraging System
No full textThe accepted manuscript version of this article will be publicly available on 02/24/2026Statistical learning (SL) is typically assumed to be a core mechanism by which organisms learn covarying structures in the environment, with the main purpose of enabling predictions of expected events. Within this theoretical framework, the environment is viewed as relatively stable, and SL ‘captures’ the regularities therein through implicit unsupervised learning. Focusing primarily on language— the domain in which SL theory has been most influential—we review evidence that the environment is far from fixed: it is dynamic, in continual flux, and learners are far from passive absorbers of regularities; they interact with their environments, thereby selecting and even altering the patterns they learn from. We therefore argue for an alternative cognitive architecture, where SL instead serves as a subcomponent of an information foraging (IF) system. IF aims to detect and assimilate novel recurrent patterns in the input that deviate from randomness, for which SL supplies a baseline. The broad implications of this viewpoint and their relevance to recent debates in cognitive neuroscience are discussed.This paper was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Grant, Project 705/20, awarded to R.F. R.F. and M.H.C. were further supported by a Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant number 2022082. L.B. received funding within the framework of the Odysseus programme from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Project G0F3121N. The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation provided support to A.G.S. via Grant PID2020-113348GB-I00, and to J.S.M. via Grant PID2020-119131GB-I00. A.G.S. and J.S.M. were supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 and BERC 2022-2025 programs, and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation SEV-2015-0490 and CEX2020-001010-S. J.S.M. was also supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation grant 2043903. LLH was supported in part by a US National Science Foundation grant 1950054 and a US National Institutes of Health grant R01DC017734
García Andrés, César y Martín de La Guardia, Ricardo, Gobernemos en nuestra propia tierra. Historia de Ucrania Independiente (1991-2024), Comares, Granada, 2024, 282 pp
No full textEl fracaso de un proyecto obrero: Servicio doméstico, empleadas de hogar y militancia en la JOC (1960-1976)
No full textlos estudios históricos sobre la última década de la dictadura de Franco han subra-yado la importancia del movimiento obrero como agente social en auge. Pero no en todos los secto-res laborales se cosecharon los mismos éxitos y algunas de las profesiones más proletarizadas fue-ron ignoradas por las principales organizaciones de clase. El servicio doméstico fue uno de estos. Solo la JOC prestó atención a las empleadas de hogar como sujeto colectivo desarrollando reperto-rios de protesta, marcos culturales de influencia marxista y una estructura organizativa que, aunque no fue demasiado eficaz, era la única disponible para estas trabajadoras. Con este artículo analizo los modestos éxitos y grandes fracasos de la JOC para integrar a las trabajadoras del hogar dentro de las lógicas y dinámicas del movimiento obrero.; Francoren diktadurako azken hamarkadari buruzko azterketa historikoen arabera, langile mugimenduak garrantzia izan zuen gorantz ari zen gizarte eragile gisa. Lan sektore guztietan ez ziren arrakasta berak lortu ordea, eta proletarizatuenak zeuden lanbideetako batzuk alde batera utzi zituzten klase erakunde nagusiek. Etxeko zerbitzua izan zen horietako bat. JOC (Gazte Langileen Kris-tau Elkartea) elkarteak bakarrik erreparatu zien etxeko langileei subjektu kolektibo gisa, eta protestak, eragin marxista zuten esparru kulturalak eta antolaketa egitura bat garatu zituen; azken hori eragin-korregia izan ez bazen ere, langile horientzat eskuragarri zegoen bakarra zen. Artikulu honekin etxeko langileak langile mugimenduaren logika eta dinamika barruan kokatzeko JOC elkarteak izandako arrakasta apalak eta porrot handiak aztertzen ditut.; research on the last decade of Franco’s dictatorship has underlined the importance of labour movement as a rising social agent. But some of the most proletarianized professions were ignored by the main class organisations. Domestic service was one of them. Only the JOC paid at-tention to domestic workers as a collective subject by developing protest repertoires, Marxist-in-fluenced cultural frameworks, and a structure which, although not very effective, was the only one available to these workers. In this paper I address the modest successes and major failures of the JOC integrating domestic workers into the logics and dynamics of the labour movement
Machine learning driven exploration of hydride superconductors at ambient pressure
No full textHydrogen-rich materials are among the most promising candidates for achieving high-temperature superconductivity due to their light atomic mass and strong phonon-mediated Cooper pairing. While many high-temperature superconducting hydrides have been reported experimentally, their practical applicability remains limited due to the required extreme conditions, motivating the search for stable or metastable superconducting phases at ambient pressure. Here, we combine ab initio electron–phonon coupling calculations with machine learning methods to explore over two million hydride structures, identifying more than 600 compounds with predicted critical temperatures () above 20 K. This dataset reveals a large chemical and structural diversity among potential superconductors, including perovskites, kagome lattices, and compounds with isolated hydrogen octahedra, among others. Despite this diversity, high- materials consistently exhibit substantial hydrogen contributions to the electronic density of states at the Fermi level. Symbolic regression analysis quantitatively confirms this correlation. Thermodynamic analysis shows that all identified superconductors lie above the convex hull of stability, with energies typically exceeding 100 meV/atom above the hull. This implies that experimental synthesis can only be obtained through non-equilibrium approaches, including high-pressure or high-temperature methods followed by quenching, or by thin-film deposition techniques. Moreover, as many promising candidates resemble degenerate semiconductors, a possible synthesis route may involve controlled doping strategies of parent semiconducting compounds. This work substantially expands the known landscape of hydride superconductors and establishes design principles to guide future experimental realization.T.D, M.A.L.M., I.E, and P.T. were supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation, United States (SFI-MPS-NFS-00006741-10, I.E.; SFI-MPS-NFS-00006741-12, P.T.; SFI-MPS-NFS-00006741-13, M.A.L.M.) in the Simons Collaboration on New Frontiers in Superconductivity. M.A.L.M., P.T. were supported by a collaboration between The Kavli Foundation, Klaus Tschira Stiftung, and Kevin Wells. I.E., M.A.L.M, and P.T. belong to the SuperC collaboration. T.F.T.C. acknowledges computational resources provided by FCT I.P. under Advanced Computing Project 2025.00005.CPCA.A3, platform Deucalion. W.C., H.C.W and M.A.L.M. acknowledge the funding from the Sino-German Mobility Programme under Grant No. M-0362. Y.-W.F. acknowledges Extraordinary Grant of CSIC (Grant No. 2025ICT122) and the financial support received from the IKUR Strategy under the collaboration agreement between Ikerbasque Foundation and Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) on behalf of the Department of Science, Universities and Innovation of the Basque Government (HPCAI21: AI-CrysPred). H.C.W and M.A.L.M. would like to thank the NHR Centre PC2 for providing computing time on the Noctua 2 and Otus supercomputers. K.H and P.T thank Junze Deng and Martin Gutierrez Amigo for useful discussions
Conservacionismo, protesta ambiental y emergencia del ecologismo político, del franquismo a la democracia (Galicia, Aragón y Andalucía)
No full textThe aim of this article is to provide an approach to the history of environmentalism and to bring new perspec-tives to the study of Francoism and the Spanish transition by analyzing environmental conflicts on a regional scale. In response to the industrial, energy and urban planning policies of the regime, the main environmental conflicts of the period between 1960 and 1986 have proved to be a perfect historical laboratory for understanding in all their complexity the profound social and political transformations of the period. The methodology employed consists of consulting municipal, regional and national archives, press analyses and subsequently comparing our case studies (Galicia, Aragon and Andalusia). Through indepth case studies of Aragon, Galicia and Andalusia, we observe the path from popular protest against environmental in-justice to the subsequent formalization of an environmentalist political ideology in the 1980s. The article aims to highlight the links between popular environmentalism, social memory and processes of politicisation of the territory during the late Franco era and the Transition.; El objetivo de este artículo es dar un enfoque a la historia del ecologismo y aportar nuevas perspectivas al estudio del franquismo y la transición española, analizando los conflictos ambientales a escala regional. En respuesta a las políticas industriales, energéticas y urbanísticas del régimen, los principales conflictos ambientales del periodo comprendido entre 1960 y 1986 se han revelado como un laboratorio histórico ideal para comprender en toda su complejidad las profundas transformaciones sociales y políticas del periodo. La metodología empleada consiste en la consulta de archivos municipales, regionales y nacionales, análisis de prensa y una posterior comparación en nuestros casos de estudio (Galicia, Aragón y Andalucía). A través de los estudios en profundidad de estos casos de Aragón, Galicia y Andalucía, analizamos el camino desde la protesta popular contra la injusticia ambiental hasta la posterior formalización de una ideología política ecologista en los años ochenta. El artículo pretende poner de relieve los vínculos entre ecologismo popular, memoria social y procesos de politización del territorio durante el tardofranquismo y la Transición.; Artikulu honen helburua ekologismoaren historiari ikuspegi bat ematea da, baita frankismoaren eta Espainiako trantsizioaren ikerketa beste ikuspuntu batetik egitea ere, eskualde mailako ingurumen gatazkak aztertuta. Erregimenak industriaren, energiaren eta hirigintzaren arloetan ezarritako politikei erantzunez, 1960tik 1986ra bitarteko ingurumen gatazka nagusiak laborategi historiko ezin hobe bilakatu dira garai hartako eraldaketa sozial eta politiko sakonak konplexutasun guztikin ulertzeko. Erabilitako metodologia: udaletako, eskualdeetako eta nazioko artxiboak kontsultatu ditugu, egunkariak aztertu, eta, gero, aztergai ditugun kasuak (Galizia, Aragoi eta Andaluzia) alderatu. Aragoiko, Galiziako eta Andaluziako kasu horien azterketa sakona egin dugu, ingurumenaren arloko bidegabekeriaren aurkako herri protestekin hasi eta laurogeiko hamarkadan ideologia politiko ekologista bat eratzearekin bukatu. Artikuluaren asmoa da herri ekologismoaren, memoria sozialaren eta lurraldea politizatzeko prozesuen arteko loturak nabarmentzea, frankismo berantiarraren eta trantsizioaren garaiet
Gizarte-zerbitzuen oinarriak
Full text link95 p1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen kontzeptua eta izaera
1.1. Giza eta gizarte-beharrizanak
1.2. Gizarte-beharrizanei emandako erantzunak
1.3. Kontzeptuak zehaztuz: gizarte-zerbitzuak eta gizarte-langintza
1.4. Gizarte-zerbitzuak hurbileko kontzeptuen artean kokatuz
1.5. Genero-ikuspegia
2. Gizarte-babesa historian zehar
2.1. Gizarte-ekintza Antzinaroan
2.2. Gizarte-ekintza Erdi Aroan
2.3. Gizarte-ekintza Aro Modernoan
2.4. Gizarte-ekintza xviii. mendean: Ilustrazioa
3. Estatuaren ardura eta esku-hartze progresiboa gizarte-arazoetan
3.1. Pentsamendu eta joera berriak xix. mendean
3.2. xix. mendea Espainian: ongintza
3.3. Gizarte-ekintza xx. mendean Espainian
4. Ongizate-estatua eta gizarte-eskubideak
4.1. Gizarte-eskubideak eraikiz
4.2. Ongizate-estatuaren sorrera eta izaera
4.3. Ongizatea antolatu nahian
4.4. Ongizate-estatuaren ezkutuko hitzarmena
4.5. Ongizate-estatuaren krisia
5. Gizarte-zerbitzuen sistema
5.1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen sorrera eta bilakaera Espainiako estatuan
5.2. Gizarte-zerbitzuen definizio baterantz
5.3. Gizarte-zerbitzuen objektua, helburuak eta funtzioak
5.4. Gizarte-zerbitzu publikoen oinarrizko irizpideak
6. Gizarte-zerbitzuak jardunean
6.1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen hornitzaileak
6.2. Gizarte-zerbitzuen feminizazioa
6.3. Gizarte-zerbitzuen arreta-mailak
6.4. Gizarte-zerbitzuen prestazio motak
6.5. Esku-hartze ereduak
6.6. Gizarte-zerbitzuen arreta genero-ikuspegitik hausnartuta
6.7. Berdintasunerako politiketako estrategiak gizarte-zerbitzuetan
6.8. Gizarte-zerbitzuen egungo erronka
The effect of a hybrid educational escape room on undergraduate nursing students’ nursing process knowledge
No full textThis study examined differences in declarative knowledge acquisition between a hybrid educational escape room and traditional lecture-based learning (LBL), and explored students’ experiences with the gamified intervention.
A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was conducted with 152 second-year nursing students. The experimental group completed a hybrid escape room combining on-site and digital tasks, while the control group received LBL. Declarative knowledge was assessed in both groups, and game-related experiences were measured in the experimental group.
Students in the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in learning outcomes compared to those in the control group. Participants also reported positive experiences, including enjoyment, activation, creative thinking, autonomy and absorption.
Hybrid educational escape rooms can enhance learning outcomes while fostering positive learning experiences. Implications for international audience: Hybrid escape rooms may be effective across diverse educational systems, suggesting that knowledge gains can occur independently of changes in motivation or subjective enjoyment