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Statistical learning performance is impacted by a previous learning experience: A predictive eye-movement study
No full textAvailable online on 6th March, 2026.Statistical learning (SL), the ability to extract recurrent patterns from sensory input, plays an important role in a range of cognitive functions. While much research has studied SL in stable artificial environments, natural inputs are rarely fixed: regularities are often probabilistic and continuously changing. A key question, therefore, is how SL unfolds under such conditions and to what extent it is shaped by learners' previous experiences. In the present study, we asked how trajectories of predictability ranging from highly structured to noisy sequences impact SL performance, and how learning in such conditions affects subsequent learning. To do so, we created a “Whack-a-Mole” game in which mole locations partially predicted subsequent mole locations, while the extent of predictability differed between blocks. In Experiment 1, predictability of mole locations increased across blocks in the first session and decreased in the second session, or vice versa. In Experiment 2, predictability followed the same trajectory in both sessions (either decreasing or increasing). Learning performance was measured using both reaction times and predictive eye movements toward target locations. Across studies, our findings reveal that learning in the second session was shaped by prior experience in the first session. Starting the second session with high predictability facilitated learning, whereas starting with low predictability hindered it, even when predictability later increased. These results suggest that learners are not passive absorbers of regularities but active information seekers, whose expectations about environmental structure impact learning. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of SL in dynamic environments.Work in this paper was supported by the Rotenshtreich Scholarship for Outstanding Doctoral Students in the Humanities, awarded by the Council for Higher Education in Israel (awarded to Naama Schwartz), by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Grant, project 1034/23 (awarded to Noam Siegelman), by an Azrieli Early Career Faculty Fellowship (awarded to Noam Siegelman), and by ISF grant, project 705/20 (awarded to Ram Frost)
Search for thermodynamically stable ambient-pressure superconducting hydrides in the GNoME database
No full textHydrides are considered to be one of the most promising families of compounds for achieving high temperature superconductivity. However, there are very few experimental reports of ambient-pressure hydride superconductivity, and the superconducting critical temperatures (Tc) are typically less than 10 K. At the same time several hydrides have been predicted to exhibit superconductivity around 100 K at ambient pressure but in thermodynamically unfavorable phases. In this work we aim at assessing the superconducting properties of thermodynamically stable hydride superconductors at room pressure by investigating the GNoME material database, which has been recently released and includes thousands of hydrides thermodynamically stable at 0K. To scan this large material space we have adopted a multi stage approach which combines machine learning for a fast initial evaluation and cutting edge ab initio methods to obtain a reliable estimation of Tc. Ultimately we have identified 25 cubic hydrides with Tc above 4.2 K and reach a maximum Tc of 17 K. While these critical temperatures are modest in comparison to some recent predictions, the systems where they are found, being stable, are likely to be experimentally accessible and of potential technological relevance.This project is
funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement
No. 802533) and the Department of Education, Universities and Research of
the Eusko Jaurlaritza and the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
(Grant No. IT1527-22). The authors acknowledge the financial support
received from the IKUR Strategy under the collaboration agreement
between Ikerbasque Foundation and Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-
MPC) on behalf of the Department of Science, Universities and Innovation of
the Basque Government (HPCAI21: AI-CrysPred). This project is also
partially supported by the Extraordinary Grant of CSIC (No. 2025ICT122).
T.F.T.C acknowledges financial support from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. through the project CEECINST/00152/2018/
CP1570/CT0006 with DOI identifier 10.54499/CEECINST/00152/2018/
CP1570/ CT0006, and computing resources provided by the project
Advanced Computing Project 2023.14294.CPCA.A3, platform Deucalion.
Y.-W.F. and I.E. acknowledge PRACE for awarding access to the EuroHPC
supercomputer LUMI located in CSC’s data center in Kajaani, Finland,
through EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (EHPC-REG-2022R03-090 and EHPC-
REG-2024R01-084)
What role do metalinguistic explanations play on LRE production in a dictogloss task targeting the possessive determiners his/her?
No full text[EN] In recent years, a call has been made for more investigations with young learners in low-input settings examining different types of form-focused instruction (FFI) and features (Collins & Ruivivar, 2021). In two earlier studies targeting the possessive determiners his/her, we observed that, in young Basque/Spanish bilingual learners, FFI combining a dictogloss task+metalinguistic explanations (ME) contributed to greater benefits than FFI consisting in a dictogloss task+self-correction, both in terms of language use (i.e. accurate use of his/her) and language development (measured by grammaticality judgements) (Iglesias-Diéguez & Martínez-Adrián, in press; Martínez-Adrián & Iglesias-Diéguez, 2025). This study compares the aforementioned groups in terms of target-related episode production during the dictogloss task completed after the intervention. Results show that pairs that received ME produced a higher number of target-related episodes than their counterparts, even though not significantly, which is also true for their resolution, incorporation and level of engagement. Considering the better results obtained by the group receiving ME in our previous studies, and the lack of differences in LRE production, ME sessions, rather than LRE production, may have contributed to noticing the target feature, while the dictogloss tasks could have led to the proceduralisation of participants’ declarative knowledge.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-113630-GB-I00 and PID2024-155759NB-I00), the Basque Government (IT1426-22), and the University of the Basque Country (PIF20/300)
APA Style : aipuak eta erreferentzi bibliografikoak nola egin
No full textActualizada febrero 2026 (7ª ed.)[ES] Guía del estilo de cita bibliográfica APA[EU] APA estilo aipamen eta erreferentzia bibliografikoen gidaliburu
Temperature and vector bending sensing with a supermode fiber Bragg grating
Full text linkDue to their multiple advantages, single-mode fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used in a myriad of practical sensing applications. However, their concurrent sensitivity to strain and temperature makes a reference sensor necessary in several situations. Here, we demonstrate that a single supermode FBG can be used to measure bending and temperature. A specially designed two coupled-core optical fiber (TCCF) that supports two supermodes was fabricated in which gratings were inscribed with femtosecond or ultraviolet lasers. The interrogation of the gratings was carried out with a conventional FBG sensor interrogator. It was found that the reflection spectrum of the supermode grating depended on its inscription in the TCCF. So, it was possible to fabricate samples in which the reflection spectra exhibited two narrow peaks very close to each other with well-defined Bragg wavelengths and reflectivities. Cross sensitivities and polarization effects on the devices were studied. It was found that two Bragg wavelengths and two reflectivities provided abundant data to measure bending of the TCCF, temperature, and to discriminate in which direction the TCCF was bent. Thus, we believe that the results reported here can pave the way for next-generation grating-based specialty optical fiber devices that are capable of multiparameter sensing. The results and approaches proposed here can also expand the use of Bragg grating technology.This work was funded in part through Projects PDC2022-133885-I00; PID2023-152763NB-I00; INNOFIBER PID2023-152314OB-I00, and SMARTMOORING Cetp-2022-00382, PCI2023-145987-2 funded by the Spanish MCIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR, IT11452-22 funded by the Basque Government and P2022-06 funded by the EU Horizon2020 Actphast4R GA 825051. It is also partially supported by the Cátedra Chip Fotónico UPV TSI-0691002023-0002, and PROMETEO 2021/015 Research Excellency Award funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. M. Alonso-Murias acknowledges the support received from SECIHTI through the National Postdoctoral Stays Program (Grant No. 787628). The authors acknowledge Shrabya Shukla for her assistance in some experiments
What Is My Role? A Qualitative Study of Labor, Birth, and Postpartum Experiences of Partners
Full text linkThis study explores partners' roles during labor, birth, and the postpartum period, and the factors influencing their performance. A qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted to explore participants' lived experiences. A total of 31 partners participated in semi-structured face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions. The roles performed by partners can be grouped into a single role: comprehensive caregiver of the birthing woman and the newborn, encompassing physical, emotional, and social care. Facilitators included effective communication, access to information, a sense of involvement, and prior experience, whereas barriers comprised insufficient support, exclusion, uncertainty, and undervaluation of their role. This dynamic role evolves through sociocultural expectations, feedback with professionals, and institutional policies, highlighting the importance of supporting partners to strengthen family-centred care
Percepción de la discriminación en Euskadi y Europa
No full text102 p.A pesar de la trayectoria en lucha por la igualdad y la no discriminación, alcanzar una sociedad justa continúa siendo uno de los principales retos de las sociedades contemporáneas. La desigualdad y la discriminación no solo limitan el ejercicio efectivo de derechos y libertades de las personas, sino que constituyen también un obstáculo para la gestión positiva de la diversidad y la promoción de la armonía y la cohesión social. La sociedad vasca no es ajena a estas dinámicas, y de ahí que tanto las instituciones como la sociedad civil mantengan un compromiso activo en la búsqueda de una sociedad más justa y equitativa.
El presente informe consta de dos bloques principales, además de una nota metodológica común. El primer bloque, elaborado por Ikuspegi, abre con un primer capítulo orientado a la definición del concepto de discriminación, así como al repaso de la legislación vigente relacionada. Se abordan, además, los principales enfoques teóricos que permiten aproximarse a este fenómeno, junto con los aspectos metodológicos que condicionan su medición. Además, se recopilan las principales referencias e investigaciones relacionadas a nivel regional, estatal y europeo, con el fin de situar la problemática en un marco comparativo más amplio.
Tras este primer apartado introductorio y una nota metodológica, en el segundo capítulo elaborado por el equipo de Ikuspegi, se desarrolla un análisis comparativo de las actitudes hacia la diversidad y las percepciones acerca de la discriminación en Europa, con especial atención a las similitudes y diferencias que presenta Euskadi respecto a otros territorios europeos y al Estado español. Partiendo de las encuestas ‘Encuesta sobre Percepciones y Actitudes en torno a la Discriminación en Euskadi — EPADE 2024’ (Ikuspegi, 2025) y ‘Eurobarómetro Especial 535. Discrimination in the EU 2023’ (European Commission, 2023). En este apartado, se abordan las actitudes de la población de la Unión Europea y Euskadi hacia la diversidad y grupos sociales minoritarios, la percepción del alcance de la discriminación, las experiencias de discriminación directa, las conductas activas de defensa, así como la satisfacción respecto a los esfuerzos institucionales por la igualdad.
Seguidamente, el capítulo elaborado por Mª Ángeles Cea D’Ancona profundiza en la discriminación múltiple en Euskadi a partir de los datos de la encuesta EPADE 2024, analizando la discriminación sentida y autodeclarada, poniendo de relieve cómo la combinación de múltiples identidades y factores de vulnerabilidad incide en la múltiple exposición a la discriminación
Clean vehicle ownership: Implications for effective policy interventions
No full textThe transport sector’s increasing greenhouse gas emissions pose a critical challenge to efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper examines the factors influencing electric and hybrid vehicle ownership in Spain, while assessing the effectiveness of the MOVES Plan, the primary policy designed to encourage their adoption. Using seldom available revealed preferences data from the 2021 Survey of Essential Characteristics of the Population and Housing (ECEPOV-21) and a mixed logit model, key determinants of clean vehicle ownership are identified, highlighting an access gap driven by factors such as income, education level, or urban residence. The joint analysis of these results and the MOVES Plan shows that the current structure of the subsidies disproportionately benefits wealthier, urban, and highly educated households. Policy implications are discussed, providing recommendations for refining the design of the subsidy to support a more equitable and widespread adoption of clean vehicles.The authors acknowledge financial support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through Grants PID2020-113650RB-I00 and PID2023-147981OB-I00, the Basque Government through Grant IT1508-22 (UPV/EHU Econometrics Research Group) and the María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, funded by ICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program. The authors also thank Clàudia Rodés-Bachs for her assistance with computational aspects of the simulation
A linear programming-based matheuristic for reliable customer–feeder mapping in smart grids
No full textElectric power distribution companies are highly concerned about their lack of knowledge about the distribution network maps used to give service to their customers. When dealing with three-phase networks, phase mapping is important to efficiently manage the power supply. However, even line mapping (which does not necessarily identify phases, just lines, or the feeders on top of them) is important for them as it allows companies to monitor other issues, such as non-registered customers, wrongly assigned meters, power transport and others. On-site verification of the network nodes is considered too complex and too costly. Since modern networks are able to record load data from feeders and customers’ meters at regular and frequent time intervals, companies prefer data-driven approaches to grid mapping. This paper introduces a mathematical heuristic (matheuristic) approach for reliably identifying meters connected to low-voltage feeders in smart grids, based on the optimization of a mixed 0-1 problem. Real-world applications often involve variables with limited presence in the problem, because their coefficients (meter loads) are small or mostly zero, compromising solution reliability. To address this, we propose a three-stage procedure leveraging linear relaxation and coefficient analysis (e.g., power consumption) to detect and mitigate sources of error. We have carried out a computational experiment using two real data sets: one consisting of partially simulated data from an unknown grid, and another in which the grid map is fully known. The proposed methodology has demonstrated notable improvements in both accuracy and efficiency. It has achieved correct meter identification rates ranging from 96% to 100%, while significantly reducing the computational effort required to solve the model. On average, computation time has been reduced by 40%–60%. In the most extreme case, this reduction has been particularly remarkable, dropping computation time from 5634 s to approximately 48 s.ZIV automation: project Detección de línea mediante datos metrológicos
Basque Government: grupos de investigación EOPT (IT 1494-22) and MOMASA (IT 2072-26)
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF/EU: PID2023-147410NB-10
