ADDI
Not a member yet
47763 research outputs found
Sort by
Lurzoru erabileraren eta ibilgu aktiboaren arteko harremana eta bilakaera azken mende erdian Ebro arroan
No full textEbroHydromorph proiektuak Ebro ibaiaren erdiko tartean azken hamarkadetan izandako aldaketa morfologikoak aztertzea du helburu, bereziki sedimentuen garraioan jarrita arreta. Lehen fasean, arroko lurzoruaren erabileren aldaketa historikoak aztertuko dira, ibaietako baldintza hidrogeomorfologikoetan izandako eragina ulertzeko. Ebro goi eta erdi arroaren XX. mendearen erdialdeko lurzoru erabilerak eta estaldurak digitalizatu egin dira, eta kartografia hori 2014ko lurzoru estaldura eta erabilerarekin alderatu da. Aurreneko emaitzekadierazten dute ibilgu aktiboaren azalerak beherakada nabarmena izan duela, baso, belardi eta urbanizatutako eremuek gora egin duten bitartean.The EbroHydromorph project aims to study the morphological changes in the middle Ebro River over the last few decades, with particular focus on sediment transport. In the first phase, historical changes in land use within the basin are being analyzed to understand their impact on the hydrogeomorphological conditions of the river courses. Land use-land cover from the mid-20thcentury has been digitized, and this cartography has been compared with the 2014 land use-land cover maps. Preliminary results show a significant reduction in active channel surfaces, whereas forest, grassland and artificial areas have increased.Ekarpen hau I+G+B PID2022-138196OB-C32 ("Ebroko edimentuaren Behatokia (ESB): giza jardueraren ondoriozko inpaktu hidromorfologikoak. Uholde-arriskurako eta sedimentuaren kudeaketarako inplikazioak") proiektuarena da, Zientzia, Berrikuntza eta Unibertsitate Ministerioak finantzatua Espainiako Ikerketa Estatu Agentziaren bitartez
Optimizing operational strategies in a non-isothermal bench-scale fixed-bed reactor for CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 combining experimental and modeling and simulation approaches
No full textThe CO2 methanation reaction is a promising solution for renewable energy storage. However, the process is challenged by thermal management due to its exothermic nature, leading to hot spots that complicate reactor operation and scale-up. This study combines experimental and simulation approaches to optimize the operation of a bench-scale fixed-bed reactor. Experimental results show that reactor wall temperature, flow rate, and nitrogen dilution significantly affect temperature profiles and CO2 conversion. As a refrigeration strategy, it has been studied the use of pressurized air jackets to improve heat dissipation and stabilize the operation. A dynamic 1D heterogeneous model validated these findings and enabled simulation-based optimization. Non-uniform particle size distributions, metal loading, and SiC dilution strategies effectively mitigated hot spots without compromising CH4 yield. These results offer critical insights into reactor design, ensuring stable operation and high efficiency.This work was supported by research project PDC2022-133839-C21 and PID2022-139552OB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the Basque Government (IT1509-22). One of the authors (EGB) wants to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Universities for the salary support (FPU 20/06668)
Recycling of Epoxy Resin via Blending with Polycaprolactone for Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing Applications
No full textAs a way of recycling epoxy thermoset materials, they were blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) and processed in the form of
filament to be used for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Three different epoxy materials were considered: a labcured
epoxy resin, a lab-cured epoxy/PCL blend, and a commercial epoxy composite containing fiberglass (FR4). These three
thermosets were milled and mixed with pure PCL. The distribution of the epoxy in the PCL matrix was analyzed by Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled to a microscope. The filler FR4 and DGEBA were adequately distributed in
the matrix. The rheological study anticipated good adhesion between the layers, without clogging at printing temperatures. The
rheological model also predicted filament buckling. Because of that, external assistance (PLA) was required to obtain appropriate
printed samples, avoiding buckling. The mechanical properties of the specimens were determined by tensile tests and compared
with injection molded specimens. It was observed that the incorporation of the epoxy thermoset to the PCL matrix enhanced
Young’s modulus of PCL. Very similar results were obtained between 3D printed and injected samples. The proposed method
could be of significant interest in employing thermoset epoxy waste as a cost-effective reinforcement for fuse filament 3D printing
materials.Gobierno Vasco (IT1667-22) is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support
Refuerzo de estructuras de hormigón mediante TRM. Estado actual: materiales, sistemas constructivos y campos de aplicación. Aproximación al cálculo
No full text[ES] El hormigón estructural presente tanto en edificaciones históricas como en construcciones contemporáneas se encuentra sometido de manera continua a cargas mecánicas, acciones ambientales y procesos de degradación que comprometen su capacidad resistente y su vida útil. Ante esta realidad la rehabilitación estructural se configura como una estrategia clave para preservar el patrimonio construido, optimizar recursos y garantizar el cumplimiento de las crecientes exigencias normativas y funcionales.
En este contexto la sostenibilidad se convierte en un criterio prioritario no solo en nuevas construcciones sino de forma especial en la intervención sobre el parque edificado existente frecuentemente afectado por la sobrepoblación urbana y la escasez de suelo disponible. La necesidad de soluciones compatibles, reversibles y de bajo impacto físico impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas a los sistemas convencionales de refuerzo tradicionalmente dominados por técnicas basadas en polímeros.
El Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) compuesto por tejidos de fibras técnicas embebidos en morteros inorgánicos ha emergido en las dos últimas décadas como una opción eficaz, versátil y respetuosa con el soporte original. Su compatibilidad con materiales existentes y su resistencia al fuego, junto con la permeabilidad al vapor y la facilidad de aplicación en obra, lo convierten en un candidato idóneo para intervenciones de refuerzo a flexión, cortante y confinamiento, así como en estructuras de mampostería.
Este trabajo presenta una revisión crítica y comparativa del estado actual del TRM abordando sus materiales constituyentes, campos de aplicación, condicionantes de adherencia, metodologías de ensayo y con especial énfasis en las diferencias metodológicas de resultados reportadas en la literatura. Complementariamente se desarrolla una aproximación al cálculo a flexión de elementos de hormigón armado reforzados con TRM/FRCM aplicando las guías ACI 549.4R y CNR-DT 215. En la síntesis de evidencias se reportan mejoras significativas en la capacidad a flexión respecto a elementos no reforzados y niveles de deformación efectiva apreciables en las fibras fuertemente condicionados por la adherencia y la eficacia de los anclajes.[EU] Hormigoi armatua bai eraikin historikoetan bai eraikuntza garaikideetan etengabe jasaten ditu karga mekanikoak, ingurumeneko eraginak eta degradazio prozesuak, eta horrek bere erresistentzia gaitasuna eta bizitza baliagarria arriskuan jartzen ditu. Errealitate honen aurrean, egiturazko berrhabilitazioa estrategia gako gisa aurkezten da eraikitako ondarea zaintzeko, baliabideak optimizatzeko eta araudi eta funtzionalitate gero eta zorrotzagoak betetzeko.
Testuinguru honetan, iraunkortasuna lehentasunezko irizpidea bihurtzen da ez bakarrik eraikuntza berrietan baizik eta bereziki hiri gainpopulazioak eta lur eskasiak eragindako eraikuntza parkea zaharberritzean. Konponbide bateragarri, alderantzikagarri eta inpaktu txikikoen beharrak bultzatzen du ohiko sendotze sistemen ordezkoak bilatzera, tradizionalki polimeroetan oinarritutako teknikek nagusitutakoak.
Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), zuntz teknikoen ehunekin eta mortero ez-organikoekin osatua, azken bi hamarkadetan aukera eraginkor, moldakor eta euskarriarekiko errespetuzko gisa agertu da. Material existentsiekin bateragarritasuna, suarekiko erresistentzia, lurrun iragazkortasuna eta obran aplikatzeko erraztasuna direla eta, hautagai egokia da malguki, ebaki eta konfinamendu indartzeetarako, baita harlangaitzezko egituretarako ere.
Lan honek TRMren egungo egoeraren berrikuspen kritiko eta konparatiboa aurkezten du, bere material osagaiak, aplikazio eremuak, atxikimendu baldintzak eta entsegu metodologiak aztertuz, eta bereziki literaturan jasotako emaitzen metodologia desberdintasunetan sakonduz. Osagarri gisa, malguki kalkulurako hurbilketa garatzen da TRM/FRCMekin indartutako hormigoi armatuzko elementuetarako, ACI 549.4R eta CNR-DT 215 gidalerroak aplikatuz. Froga sintesian, malguki gaitasunean hobekuntza nabarmenak eta zuntzetan deformazio eraginkor maila aipagarriak jasotzen dira, atxikimenduak eta ainguratzearen eraginkortasunak baldintzaturik.[EN] Structural concrete, present both in historical buildings and in contemporary constructions, is continuously subjected to mechanical loads, environmental actions and degradation processes that compromise its load-bearing capacity and service life. In this reality, structural rehabilitation emerges as a key strategy to preserve the built heritage, optimize resources and meet increasing regulatory and functional requirements.
In this context, sustainability becomes a priority criterion not only in new constructions but especially in interventions on the existing building stock, often affected by urban overpopulation and land scarcity. The need for compatible, reversible and low-impact solutions drives the search for alternatives to conventional strengthening systems traditionally dominated by polymer-based techniques.
Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), made of technical fiber fabrics embedded in inorganic mortars, has emerged over the last two decades as an effective, versatile and substrate-friendly option. Its compatibility with existing materials, fire resistance, vapor permeability and ease of on-site application make it a suitable candidate for flexural, shear and confinement strengthening, as well as for masonry structures.
This work presents a critical and comparative review of the current state of TRM, addressing its constituent materials, fields of application, adhesion conditions, test methodologies and with special emphasis on methodological differences in results reported in the literature. Complementarily, a flexural design approach is developed for reinforced concrete elements strengthened with TRM/FRCM, applying the ACI 549.4R and CNR-DT 215 guidelines. In the synthesis of evidence, significant improvements in flexural capacity are reported compared to unstrengthened elements and appreciable levels of effective strain in the fibers, strongly conditioned by adhesion and anchorage effectiveness
Nazioarteko egitate ez-zilegia burutzeko laguntza edo sostengua ematetik eratortzen den nazioarteko erantzukizuna: 2001eko Artikuluen Proiektuko 16. artikuluaren azterketa gaurkotua
Get PDFAzterlan honetan, nazioarteko egitate ez-zilegiak burutzen direnean hirugarren estatuek ematen duten laguntza eta sostenguak duten ondorioak aztertu dira nazioarteko erantzukizunaren ikuspuntutik. Horretarako, estatuak nazioarteko egitate ez-zilegiengatik duen erantzukizunari buruzko 2001eko Artikuluen Proiektuaren 16. artikuluaren azterketa gaurkotua egin da, nazioarteko doktrina eta jurisprudentzian oinarrituz, eta gaurkotasuna duten adibideak eztabaidara ekarriz. 16. artikuluak, izan ere, funtsezko marko juridikoa ekarri du berekin nazioarteko konplizitatearen eremuan. Baita ere, dena den, eztabaida juridiko ugarien objektua izan da.
Hizkuntza: euskara
Impact of Steam-Exploded Feather Incorporation on the Biodegradation Performance of Renewable Biocomposites
Get PDFThe increasing environmental concerns regarding plastic waste, especially in
agriculture, have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Agricultural plastics, such
as mulching films and greenhouse covers, are heavily reliant on petrochemical-derived
materials, which persist in the environment and contribute to long-term pollution. This
study explores the use of biodegradable biocomposites made from steam explosion-treated
chicken feathers and various polymer matrices to address these issues. Chicken feathers, a
waste by-product of the poultry industry, present an excellent biodegradability as a result
of the steam explosion treatment and contain nitrogen, potentially enhancing soil fertility.
The biocomposites were characterized by thermal stability, mechanical properties, and
biodegradability, and ecotoxicity assessments were carried out studying the incorporation
of feathers into the soil. Results showed that the incorporation of treated chicken feathers
increased the water absorption capacity of the composites, promoting faster disintegration
and biodegradation. In particular, biocomposites made with polyhydroxyalkanoates and
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) exhibited a significant increase in degradation
rates, from 3–10% in the first month for pure matrices to 40–50% when reinforced
with treated feathers. Meanwhile, those made from polylactic acid showed slower degradation.
Furthermore, the addition of feathers positively influenced crop growth at low
concentrations, acting as a slow-release fertilizer. However, high concentrations of feathers
negatively affect plant growth due to excess nitrogen. These findings highlight the potential
of poultry feathers as a valuable, sustainable filler for agricultural bioplastics, contributing
to waste valorization and environmentally friendly farming practices.This project has received funding from the Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101023306. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Bio-based Industries Consortium
Machinery detection by impulsive noise recognition using WiFi sensing
No full textEngines and electrical devices in operation generate electromagnetic pulses, also called impulsive noise (IN), that interfere with wireless signals. The IN shall affect the channel estimation process and is, therefore, present in the channel state information (CSI) provided by wireless receivers. In this paper, impulsive noise (IN) is used as a fingerprint of electrical devices to identify the IN sources that interfere with a WiFi signal, taking into account that each individual machine has a unique pattern of impulsive noise. In this sense, the WiFi CSI provides valuable information to recognize the IN sources through deep learning (DL) strategies. Two DL models have been proposed and tested on two experimental data sets for multiclass and multilabel analysis; in multiclass, devices can operate alone during the measurement, and in multilabel, multiple devices can work simultaneously in a more realistic scenario. The model transferability between location and days has also been evaluated by analyzing two different IN feature sets for device classification with the Few-shot-learning (FSL) model. Results show that the proposed DL models can recognize multiple devices working simultaneously through the IN and also offer an acceptable transferability performance ( 80% accuracy for a five-class problem).This work has been financially supported by the Basque Government, Spain (under grant IT1436-22), and by the Spanish Government (under project THERESA, grant PID2021-124706OB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe )
Uncovering the neural correlates of the urge- to- blink: A study utilising subjective urge ratings and paradigm free mapping
No full textAvaialble online July 7 2025Neuroimaging plays a significant role in understanding the neurophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS), in particular the main symptom, tics, and the urges associated with them. Premonitory urge is thought to be a negative reinforcer of tic expression in TS. Tic expression during neuroimaging is most often required as an overt marker of increased urge- to- tic, which can lead to considerable head movement, and thus data loss. This study aims to identify the brain regions involved in urge in healthy subjects using multi- echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a timing- free approach to localise the blood- oxygen level- dependent (BOLD) response associated with the urge- to- act without information of when these events occur. Blink suppression is an analogous behaviour that can be expressed overtly in the MRI scanner which gives rise to an urge like those described by individuals with TS. We examined the urge- to- blink in 20 healthy volunteers with an experimental paradigm including two conditions, “Okay to blink” and “Suppress blinking”, to identify brain regions involved in blink suppression. Multi- echo fMRI data were analysed using a novel approach to investigate the BOLD signal correlated with the build- up of the urge- to- blink that participants continuously reported using a rollerball device. In addition, we used the method of multi- echo paradigm free mapping (MESPFM) to identify these regions without prior specification of task timings. Subjective urge scores were correlated with activity in the right posterior and ventral- anterior insula as well as the mid- cingulate and occipital cortices. Whereas blink suppression was associated with activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, right dorsal- anterior insula, mid- cingulate cortex, and thalamus. These findings illustrate that different insula subregions contribute to the urge- for- action and suppression networks. The MESPFM approach showed co- activation of the right insula and cingulate cortex. The MESPFM activation maps showed the highest overlap with activation associated with blink suppression, as identified using general linear model analysis, demonstrating that activity associated with suppression can be determined without prior knowledge of task timings.Data collection for this paper was supported by research grants from NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Tourettes Action (TA), Medical Research Council (MRC) (T032588), and Tourette Association of America (TAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, TA, MRC, TAA, or the Department of Health
A Material Platform Based on Dissociative CO2-Derived N,O-Acetals for Tunable Degradation of 3D Printable Materials
No full textModern-day thermosetting polymers should be designed with circular economy principles in mind, considering both their recyclability and end-of-life options. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) have the potential to address the environmental challenges we face today as, in spite of being thermosets, they can be reprocessed by conventional thermoprocessing methods and are thus recyclable. While in the last years intensive efforts have been devoted to the preparation of CANs using sustainable sources, less attention has been paid to their end-of-life options in case they escape from plastic sorting. Herein, we report the development of a new type of dynamic bond, the N,O-acetal bond based on the coupling between CO2-based oxazolidone moieties and abundant, potentially biobased polyols. Computational and kinetic studies revealed that this bond underwent rapid dissociative exchange and, crucially, was also susceptible to hydrolytic degradation. We then prepared a range of thermoset materials endowed by double end-of-life features, i.e., CAN behavior and hydrolytic degradation. This was achieved by radical thiol–ene photo-cross-linking of a diallyl monomer bearing the N,O-acetal moiety with another alkene-functionalized monomer that did not bear this dynamic bond. CANs with tunable mechanical properties and hydrolytic degradation features were easily obtained by modulating the monomer compositions. The fast-photocuring of the N,O-functionalized monomer was then exploited for producing three-dimensional (3D) printed objects, offering the potential for on-demand hydrolytic behavior.The authors thank for the financial support provided by the NIPU-EJD Project; this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Skłodowska–Curie Grant Agreement No. 955700. C.D. is FNRS Research Director and thanks FNRS for financial support in the frame of the CO2Switch Project under Grant T.0075.20. The authors acknowledge Grant TED2021-129852B-C22 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR and Grant PID2022-138199NB-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. D.M. thanks Ayuda RYC2021-031668-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by EU NextGenerationEU/PRTR
Difusión no consentida de sexting: evolución y análisis del Artículo 197.7 del Código Penal
No full textEl presente trabajo, realizado en castellano, tiene por objeto analizar la evolución del artículo 197.7 del Código Penal, introducido con la reforma de 2015, con el ánimo de sancionar la difusión no consentida de imágenes o grabaciones íntimas obtenidas del sexting, una conducta que quedaba fuera de la tipicidad penal hasta ese momento