ADDI
Not a member yet
47763 research outputs found
Sort by
Recurrence Pattern of Left Upper Lobectomies and Trisegmentectomies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Surgical resection remains the standard treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Traditionally, lobectomy has been considered the procedure of choice; however, emerging evidence suggests that trisegmentectomy may offer comparable outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates whether left upper lobe trisegmentectomy provides non-inferior or superior oncologic outcomes compared to left upper lobectomy, with particular attention to recurrence patterns. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included comparative studies evaluating left upper lobectomy versus trisegmentectomy. Outcomes assessed included recurrence (locoregional and distant), morbidity, and the length of hospital stay. A meta-analysis was conducted using the metabin function from the R meta package. Results: Of 14 identified articles, 9 met the inclusion criteria. No significant differences were observed in locoregional recurrence. However, distant recurrence was significantly lower in the trisegmentectomy group (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.41-0.82). While overall morbidity showed no significant difference (OR 0.95), analysis of matched studies favored trisegmentectomy (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.96). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the trisegmentectomy group (OR -0.94; 95% CI -1.26 to -0.63). Conclusions: Trisegmentectomy and lobectomy exhibit distinct recurrence patterns, with lobectomy associated with a higher rate of distant recurrence. Trisegmentectomy may provide oncologic and perioperative advantages in appropriately selected patients. The systematic review and meta-analysis are registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251066445)
Assessment and Experimental Validation of Grid-Forming Inverters’ Capability Counteracting Low-Frequency Oscillations
Get PDFThe integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is reshaping power grid 1
operation by reducing system inertia, which impacts small-signal rotor angle stability and 2
increases low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). While power electronics based Flexible AC 3
Transmission systems (FACTS) have been the primary solution, the shift of IBR control 4
toward grid-forming (GFM) is changing this approach. GFM control inherently provides 5
inertia and affects small-signal stability, but implementing power oscillation damping 6
(POD) algorithms in these inverters presents challenges, particularly regarding active 7
power based ones (POD-P). Although various POD-P solutions are emerging for GFM 8
inverters, few studies evaluate their impact on the GFM device itself and their inherent 9
capabilities, such as inertia and damping. This paper proposes that any design methodology 10
should consider, besides the impact of POD controls on the grid, their effect on the GFM 11
devices properties. It introduces a theoretical framework using the network frequency 12
perturbation (NFP) approach to assess this impact. Additionally, a simple POD-P control 13
method is proposed for GFM controllers, with simplicity as its key advantage. The desired 14
damping effect, along with the absence of impact on other frequency components, is 15
verified through NFP analysis. The theoretical findings are experimentally validated with 16
test bench results.This work is financially supported by the Basque Government under the Grant IT1647-22 511 (ELEKTRIKER research group)
Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Relations Between Early Rise Time Discrimination Abilities and Pre-School Pre-Reading Assessments: The Seeds of Literacy Are Sown in Infancy
No full textPublished on 19th September 2025.Background/Objectives: The Seeds of Literacy project has followed infants at family risk for dyslexia (FR group) and infants not at family risk (NFR group) since the age of 5 months, exploring whether infant measures of auditory sensitivity and phonological skills are related to later reading achievement. Here, we retrospectively assessed relations between infant performance on a rise time discrimination task with new pre-reading behavioural measures administered at 60 months. In addition, we re-classified dyslexia risk at 60 months and again assessed relations to rise time sensitivity. Participants were re-grouped using the pre-reading behavioural measures as either dyslexia risk at 60 months (60mDR) or no dyslexia risk (60mNDR). Methods: FR and NFR children (44 English-learning children) completed assessments of rise time discrimination at 10 and/or 60 months, phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid automatised naming (RAN), letter knowledge, and language skills (receptive vocabulary and grammatical awareness). Results: Longitudinal analyses showed significant time-lagged correlations between rise time sensitivity at 10 months and both RAN and letter knowledge at 60 months. Rise time sensitivity at 60 months was significantly poorer in those children re-grouped as 60mDR, and rise time sensitivity was significantly related to concurrent phonological awareness, RAN, letter knowledge, and receptive vocabulary, but not to tests of grammatical awareness. Conclusions: The data support the view that children’s rise time sensitivity is significantly related to their pre-reading phonological abilities. These findings are discussed in terms of Temporal Sampling theory.This research was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DP110105123, ‘The SEEDS OF LITERACY in infancy: Empirical specification of the acoustic determinants of language acquisition’, to the 2nd and 3rd authors. The 1st author’s work is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and a Ramon y Cajal research fellowship, RYC2018-024284-I
Kalelagun design guide. Model for transforming outdoor public spaces to mitigate loneliness and increase the independence of older people
No full text131 pThe Design Guide for public spaces to prevent and alleviate unwanted loneliness is the result of the KALELAGUN («street friend» in Basque) research project, carried out by the Quality of Life in Architecture Research Group (CAVIAR) at the Department of Architecture at Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU.
The project was promoted and funded by ADINBERRI Foundation and Gipuzkoa Provincial Council, as part of the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council —HARIAK (threads in Basque) strategy to address loneliness. This work therefore addresses activities related to structuring or transforming the physical spaces people inhabit, traverse, and use (housing and urban planning), categorised as primary or universal prevention strategies for social inclusion.
The KALELAGUN project has been recognised as a best practice in the KORALE research project —Towards a Community of Practice and Knowledge on Preventing and Tackling Loneliness through Public Policies (Interreg Europe, co-funded by the European Union).
The first KALELAGUN plaza is set to be built in 2025, establishing a benchmark for transforming plazas and streets in our cities to help prevent and alleviate unwanted loneliness
Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease
No full textParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to characterize early retinal dynamics in PD using OCT. We conducted a prospective one-year longitudinal multicenter study involving 53 early-stage PD patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less and 52 controls. The participants underwent retinal spectral-domain OCT, primary visual function and cognitive examinations. We examined baseline retinal measures and short-term longitudinal differences between groups via linear mixed effects models. In PD patients, the baseline GCIPL thickness in central regions was increased by up to 4 μm, and the rate of thinning in the parafoveal GCIPL was − 0.61 [0.29] µm/year faster over a one-year follow-up period than in controls in the 2- to 3-mm ring (p = 0.039). In PD patients, greater central GCIPL thickness was associated with poorer contrast sensitivity and reduced performance on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test. It also predicted subsequent thinning in both the GCIPL (2- to 3-mm ring) and the inner nuclear layer (2- to 5-mm rings). However, this increased thickness was not linked to prevalent or progressive motor or cognitive manifestations. In conclusion, this study provides the first detailed topographical description of early retinal dynamics in PD patients, revealing increased central GCIPL thickness and accelerated parafoveal GCIPL thinning in PD. However, the macular region shows complex and variable dynamics among PD patients, but these changes precede detectable progression in clinical scales.This research was funded by the Health Department of the Basque Government through Projects 2019111100, 2020333033 and 2022333011
The internal structure of dual character concepts: a corpus-based study of scientist
No full text"Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in dual character concepts (DCCs). These concepts are defined by their internal structures, which consist of two distinct dimensions: a descriptive and an independent normative dimension. However, a more in-depth exploration of their internal structures is still needed. This article examines the internal structure of one DCC that has garnered significant attention in the literature, scientist. First, I analyze the components of the different dimensions of this concept. Second, I explore the interaction between these two dimensions. To do so, I investigate scientist in the enTenTen20 corpus using Sketch Engine, focusing on the ex-pressions “good scientist” and “true scientist”, as the literature suggests they interact more directly with the descriptive and normative dimensions, respectively. The findings from this investigation offer valuable insights for studying other DCCs, as the results suggest, among others, the following key points: first, that the complexity of the two dimensions of scientist is greater than previously recognized; and second, contrary to what is agreed, both the descriptive and the normative dimension interact with “good” and “true,” which implies that both expressions can be used to make the two types of normative evaluation proper of DCCs.; Durante la última década, ha habido un interés creciente en los conceptos de carácter doble (CCDs) . Es-tos conceptos se definen por sus estructuras internas, que constan de dos dimensiones distintas: una dimensión descriptiva y otra dimensión normativa independiente . Sin embargo, todavía es necesaria una exploración más profunda de sus estructuras internas . Este artículo examina la estructura interna de un CCD que ha suscitado gran atención en la literatura, científico. En primer lugar, analizo los componentes de las distintas dimensiones de este concepto. En segundo lugar, exploro la interacción entre estas dos dimensiones. Para ello, investigo científico en el corpus enTenTen20 utilizando Sketch Engine, centrándome en las expresiones “buen científico” y “verdadero científico”, ya que la literatura sugiere que interactúan más directamente con las dimensiones descriptiva y normativa, respectivamente. Los resultados de esta investigación ofrecen información valiosa para el estudio de otros CCDs, ya que los resultados sugieren, entre otros, los siguientes puntos clave: en primer lugar, que la complejidad de las dos dimensiones de científico es mayor de lo que se había reconocido anteriormente; y en segundo lugar, en contra de lo que se piensa, tanto la dimensión descriptiva como la normativa interactúan con “bueno” y “verdadero”, lo que implica que ambas expresiones pueden utilizarse para realizar los dos tipos de evaluación normativa propia de los CCDs.
Vehículos de movilidad personal: marco normativo y desafíos jurídicos en la regulación estatal y municipal vasca
No full textEl presente trabajo examina el marco jurídico de los Vehículos de Movilidad Personal (VMP) en España, con especial atención a la regulación municipal de Bilbao, Donostia-San Sebastián y Vitoria-Gasteiz. Se analiza la evolución de los instrumentos jurídicos empleados desde la Unión Europea a los entes locales vascos, destacando sus similitudes y diferencias. Además, se estudia la distribución competencial entre los distintos niveles de la Administración pública, desde el ámbito supranacional hasta la administración local, evidenciando la fragmentación normativa y la inseguridad jurídica derivada. Asimismo, se analiza la utilización de instrumentos como las instrucciones para establecer criterios en la materia. El trabajo concluye con una evaluación crítica y propuestas para una regulación más clara y eficaz, garantizando una movilidad urbana segura y sostenible
Design and experimental characterization of a propane-based reversible dual source/sink heat pump
Get PDFThe current paper presents the design and energy performance analysis of a propane-based reversible Dual Source/Sink Heat Pump (DSHP). DSHPs offer an alternative to conventional water to water and air to water heat pumps, leveraging the strengths of both technologies in an efficient manner. The developed prototype incorporates an innovative Dual Source/Sink Heat eXchanger (DSHX), enabling the unit operating in various modes, including space heating, space cooling, and domestic hot water production using brine, air or both simultaneously as a source/sink. The DSHX serves as as both a condenser or an evaporator, directly rejecting or absorbing heat from air and/or brine. By eliminating secondary loops and defrost cycles, the DSHX minimizes energy losses. The main novelty of this work lies in the DSHX that integrates external units typically duplicated in DSHPs into a single component, eliminating the need for split refrigerant flow rates, thus avoiding maldistribution, refrigerant charge increase and draining valves. A steady state experimental campaign was conducted in a climatic chamber to characterize the DSHP prototype and validate the DSHX performance models. Heating capacity up to 11.2 kW and COP values up to 4.7 were achieved at nominal compressor speed by supplying hot water at 35 °C with an ambient temperature of 7 °C. Similarly, when producing cold water at 7 °C, cooling capacity and EER reached 9.8 kW and 3.6, respectively, at nominal compressor speed using air as heat sink at 35 °C. The effects of various operating parameters on the overall coefficient of performance and heat duty in both heating and cooling modes, considering air or brine as heat source/sink are analyzed in detail. Results demonstrate enhancements of approximately 15 % in capacity and efficiency compared to earlier work. Moreover, four deterministic models were created in order to predict the behaviour of the DSHX and validated against experimental results, reaching deviation values below 15 %.The authors would like to thank the support of the TRI-HP project (https://www.tri-hp.eu/project) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Project No. 814888
El uso del clasificador genérico /ge4/ y otros clasificadores en mandarín infantil como lengua de herencia
Get PDF315 p.Esta tesis se centra en el uso infantil de clasificadores en mandarín. Investiga la producción y la comprensión del clasificador genérico /ge4/ y de otros clasificadores por parte de niños de entre 6 y 15 años residentes en el área metropolitana de Bilbao, que aprenden este idioma como lengua de herencia. Así mismo investiga los factores lingüísticos y extralingüísticos que influyen en su uso.Estudios previos mostraron que el sobreuso de /ge4/ es frecuente y disminuye con la edad, tanto en los niños monolingües como en los bilingües/multilingües que adquieren el mandarín como lengua de herencia. Los niños evitan reemplazar los clasificadores específicos de medida, por el clasificador genérico /ge4/.La presente investigación analiza datos de 100 niños y 20 adultos nativos (control), recopilados mediante tres tareas experimentales: una tarea de narración oral, una tarea de selección de imágenes, una de juicios de aceptabilidad y un cuestionario parental. Los resultados confirman el sobreuso de /ge4/ y la persistencia de ciertos errores morfosintácticos en los niños estudiados. Sin embargo, se observa que estos niños muestran un patrón similar a los adultos a nivel sintáctico ya a partir de 6;10 años. Entre los factores que influyen en el sobreuso de /ge4/ se identifican la edad, la frecuencia de uso del mandarín, la competencia lingüística y el tipo de tarea
Digital inclusion and Urban AI: strategic roadmapping and policy challenges
Get PDFThe article “Digital Inclusion and Urban AI: Strategic Roadmapping and Policy Challenges” by Igor Calzada and Itziar Eizaguirre serves as the editorial introduction to the Special Issue on Digital Inclusion & Urban AI. It argues for a transition from the Smart City paradigm to Urban AI, emphasizing digital inclusion, human rights, and democratic governance. Drawing on Richard R. Nelson’s metaphor of “The Moon and the Ghetto,” the paper explores how generative and urban AI can either reproduce structural inequalities or enable equitable innovation systems. It situates this debate within global city cases—Barcelona, Amsterdam, New York, San José, Dubai, and Singapore—and presents findings from the 2025 International Summer School on Digital Inclusion & GenAI in Donostia-San Sebastián. The authors propose an Urban AI Social Contract grounded in three interlinked pillars: territorial innovation governance, algorithmic accountability as public infrastructure, and participatory design and contestability. The paper concludes that Urban AI must align technological innovation with social justice, democratic legitimacy, and planetary well-being.According to the Funding section of the article
Calzada and Eizaguirre 2025 DC
, this research and editorial were supported by multiple sponsors:
European Commission, Horizon 2020, H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2020–101034228-WOLFRAM2: Ikerbasque Start Up Fund, 3021.23.EMAJ
UPV-EHU, Research Group IT 1541–22
Ayuda en Acción NGO, Innovation & Impact Unit – Social Innovation Platforms in the Age of AI and AI for Social Innovation Summer School Scientific Direction (UIK, 2024)
Presidency of the Basque Government, External Affairs General Secretary – e-Diaspora Platform HanHemen
European Commission, Horizon Europe, ENFIELD – European Lighthouse to Manifest Trustworthy and Green AI (HORIZON-CL4-2022-HUMAN-02–02-101120657)
Gipuzkoa Province Council, Etorkizuna Eraikiz 2024 – AI’s Social Impact in Gipuzkoa (AI4SI)
Warsaw School of Economics (SGH, Poland), RID LEAD – Regional Excellence Initiative Programme
SOAM Residence Programme, Network Sovereignties (Germany) via BlockchainGov
Decentralization Research Centre (Canada)
The Learned Society of Wales (LSW) 524205
Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Award (2022–23) by the US-UK Fulbright Commission and IIE, US Department of State (California State University)
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC, UK) ES/S012435/1 “WISERD Civil Society”
Gipuzkoa Province Council, Human Rights & Democratic Culture Directorate – Digital Inclusion & Generative AI International Summer School (2025)
Astera Institute, Cosmik Data Cooperatives for Open Scienc