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Measuring environmental (in)justices: Insights from a systematic literature review on methodological approaches
Get PDFEnvironmental (in)justice research uses various conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches, leading to fragmentation across contexts and disciplines. Our systematic review provides a methodological overview of how environmental (in)justice has been studied in 421 English-language scientific articles. Most studies approach environmental (in)justice from a quantitative and interdisciplinary perspective, primarily using purposive sampling, secondary data, and GIS/remote sensing tools with an emphasis on distributive justice. Although there is a notable diversification over time in data collection and analysis, there is a strong geographic bias with short-term, locally focused, and limited actor involvement, though actor diversity is growing over time. We identified eight thematic clusters with distinct methodological patterns: health, pollution, governance, climate change, collaboration, access, and green space. The lack of broadly adopted methodological approaches for evaluating environmental (in)justices largely stems from the context-specific, multi-scalar nature of cases and the philosophical and normative diversity embedded in the EJ concept itself.We express our gratitude to Prof. Hooman Latifi for the encouragement to conduct this review. JL received funding from the University of Vienna and thanks the Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation Division at the Institute of Botany and Biodiversity Research for their support, as well as Franz Essl and Karl Reiter for sharing their offices. NZ-C is supported by the María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 Ref. CEX 2021-001201-M, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. GC-C is grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for their support through Postdoctoral Research Fellowships
Transmisión de un saber corporal: arraigo artístico en la moda de Amberes y su educación desde una mirada escultórica
Get PDFExperimental or avant-garde fashion has been recognized for both questioning some conventions around the body and approaching to modes characteristic of contemporary art. This research addresses this relationship by focusing on the case of Antwerp, as a place that from the 1980s to the present continues to export creators with unique visions praised by the international scene. Within this context, the article analyzes the origin of this understanding of fashion as an art and its pedagogical transmission in the Fashion Department of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. The intention underlying the entire text is to find possible bridges between the bodily knowledge in fashion and the bodily knowledge in contemporary sculpture, taking into account some already existing approaches and connections.; La moda experimental o de vanguardia ha sido reconocida por cuestionar algunas convenciones en torno al cuerpo y su acercamiento a modos propios del arte contemporáneo. Esta investigación aborda dicha relación fijando la atención en el caso de Amberes, como lugar que desde la década de 1980 hasta la actualidad sigue exportando creadores y creadoras con visiones singulares alabadas por la escena internacional. Dentro de este contexto, el artículo analiza el origen de la moda entendida como arte y su transmisión pedagógica en el Departamento de Moda de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Amberes. La intención que subyace en todo el texto es la de tratar de hallar posibles puentes entre un saber corporal desde la moda y un saber corporal desde la escultura contemporánea, atendiendo a algunos acercamientos y conexiones ya existentes
Cuidados paliativos en personas con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA)
Get PDFIntroducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que afecta a las neuronas motoras, provocando debilidad muscular, dificultad para moverse, hablar y respirar. Esta enfermedad no tiene cura ni tratamiento eficaz, y es mortal en pocos años. Las personas enfrentan una rápida progresión y alta dependencia, además de precisar cuidados paliativos (CP) en un corto espacio de tiempo.
Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir los CP en las personas que padecen ELA para mejorar la calidad de vida en el proceso de final de vida.
Metodología: Este trabajo se ha realizado mediante una revisión bibliográfica utilizando diversas bases de datos como PubMed, Dialnet, Cochrane y Scielo. Tras formular la pregunta PIO, se emplearon descriptores y palabras clave, dando un total de 11 documentos relevantes, junto con información de web oficiales del estado y del País Vasco.
Resultados: La atención integral y coordinada en la ELA, junto con cuidados paliativos multidisciplinares, mejoran la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de las personas que la sufren. La planificación anticipada de cuidados (PAC) permite tomar decisiones difíciles desde el diagnóstico. El manejo de esta enfermedad requiere de intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas. El equipo de enfermería desempeña un papel fundamental en la educación, apoyo emocional y manejo de síntomas. En este contexto cobran especial importancia las voluntades anticipadas (VVAA) debido a la rápida progresión de la enfermedad.
Conclusiones: La ELA impacta directamente en la calidad de vida de las personas y sus familias. Iniciar la atención paliativa desde el diagnóstico es esencial. Un abordaje multidisciplinar mejora el bienestar de la persona, siendo crucial el rol integral de las enfermeras. Las VVAA cobran especial importancia en personas con ELA ya que permiten cumplir con los deseos de cada individuo.
Idioma: Españo
Komunikazio hezkuntza berriztatzeko eta alfabetatze mediatikoko V. Jardunaldiak : komunikazio-liburua
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Exploring N2 activation using novel Lewis acid/base pairs: computational insight into frustrated Lewis pairs reactivity
No full textThe activation of dinitrogen (N2) is a crucial step in synthesizing nitrogen-based compounds and remains a significant challenge due to its strong triple bond. Currently, industrial N2 conversion relies on the Haber–Bosch process, a highly energy-intensive method that utilizes transition metal-based catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have emerged as a promising alternative for N2 activation without the need for transition metals. In this work, we employ density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the activation of N2 by transition metal-free Lewis acids (LAs) and bases (LBs). Our study demonstrates that LAs play a crucial role in capturing N2 and determining the thermodynamics of activation, while LBs play a complementary role by reducing the bond order of the N2 molecule, thereby promoting activation. The efficiency of N2 capture is directly linked to the electroaccepting characteristics of the LAs. A principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that the key factors influencing the electroaccepting power of LAs are the degree of pyramidalization and orbital occupation at the acidic site, as well as the local electrophilicity index. The LA-N2 interaction is found to be electrostatic with partially covalent character. Among the 21 LAs analyzed, triptycene-based systems exhibit the highest stability in forming LA-N2 complexes, highlighting their potential as effective N2-capturing agents. However, the N2 triple bond remains largely intact, necessitating the involvement of LBs in LA-N2-LB complexes for full activation, in a “push–pull” mechanism. Six LBs are analyzed in complexes with the most promising LAs. Bonding analysis indicates that the LB-N2 interaction can be regarded as a covalent bond, which may explain the main role of the LB in the reduction of the N2 bond order. Furthermore, the bond activation is significantly enhanced by increasing the nucleophilicity of the LB. Among all the LA–LB pair combinations, only three exhibit the defining characteristics of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), with moderate interaction energies and substantial LA–LB distances. Our findings suggest that FLPs composed of triptycene-based LAs and tris-tert-butylphosphine represent the most promising candidates for N2 activation.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades:
MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, project PID2023-148587NB-I00
María de Maeztu Excellence Unit:
CEX2023-001303-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
The influence of sport results on football stock markets
No full textThe sporting field has undergone a profound transformation in recent years, and football has not
escaped this evolution, with the sport becoming a lucrative business, in which football is not only
a mere sport. For example, European football teams earned around €35.3 billion (Deloitte Sports
Business Group, 2024). Investors have identified a commercial opportunity in the sport, driving
growth through investment and exploring new markets to maximise their profits, often putting
the needs of the fans on the back burner.
Today, football is an area where multiple interests converge; from those of football team owners
and sports companies, to those of advertising agencies, the media, fans and the players
themselves. This diversity of actors has reshaped sport, placing it in a context marked by
economic profitability and globalisation.
The increasing commercialisation of football teams has attracted numerous investors, who have
acquired significant stakes in these institutions, injecting capital and facilitating their access to
external financing. This phenomenon, coupled with intense competition within the industry, has
led several sports teams to opt for a stock exchange listing as a strategy to strengthen their
financial stability. In other words, the main reason is to raise capital. By selling shares to the
public, football teams can raise funds for the acquisition of top players, the improvement or
construction of infrastructure (such as stadiums and training centres), the reduction of
accumulated debt and the global expansion of their brand by investing in marketing or
academies in other countries
Reinforcement Learning-Based Control for Robotic Flexible Element Disassembly
No full textDisassembly plays a vital role in sustainable manufacturing and recycling processes, facilitating the recovery and reuse of valuable components. However, automating disassembly, especially for flexible elements such as cables and rubber seals, poses significant challenges due to their nonlinear behavior and dynamic properties. Traditional control systems struggle to handle these tasks efficiently, requiring adaptable solutions that can operate in unstructured environments that provide online adaptation. This paper presents a reinforcement learning (RL)-based control strategy for the robotic disassembly of flexible elements. The proposed method focuses on low-level control, in which the precise manipulation of the robot is essential to minimize force and avoid damage during extraction. An adaptive reward function is tailored to account for varying material properties, ensuring robust performance across different operational scenarios. The RL-based approach is evaluated in a simulation using soft actor–critic (SAC), deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), and proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithms, benchmarking their effectiveness in dynamic environments. The experimental results indicate the satisfactory performance of the robot under operational conditions, achieving an adequate success rate
and force minimization. Notably, there is at least a 20% reduction in force compared to traditional planning methods. The adaptive reward function further enhances the ability of the robotic system to generalize across a range of flexible element disassembly tasks, making it a promising solution for real-world applications.This project was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 955681 and by members of the Virtual Sensorization Research Group from the University of Basque Country (Basque Goverment Ref. IT1726-22)
Characterization of visual cognition in pre-manifest, manifest and reduced penetrance Huntington’s disease
No full textCognitive and visual impairment are common in Huntington’s Disease (HD) and may precede motor diagnosis. We investigate the early presence of visual cognitive deficits in 181 participants, including HD carriers (40 pre-manifest, 30 early manifest, 27 manifest, and 6 reduced penetrance) and 78 healthy controls (HC). Significant differences in visual memory were observed between reduced penetrance and pre-manifest groups (p = .003), with pre-manifest showing worse performance. Age, education, CAG repeats, motor status, executive function, and verbal fluency, accounted for up to 72.8% of the variance in general and visual cognitive functions, with motor status having the strongest impact on visual domains in HD carriers. In pre-manifest HD, visual cognitive domains were primarily influenced by executive function, verbal fluency, age, and CAG repeats, while in early and manifest stages motor status and verbal fluency becomes more influential. ROC analyses showed that especially visuospatial abilities, visual memory, and visual attention (AUC = 0.927, 0.878, 0.874, respectively) effectively differentiated HC and pre-manifest from early and manifest HD. Early assessment of visual cognitive domains, particularly visual memory, could be an early marker of cognitive decline in HD. Our findings highlight the different profiles of impairment in visual cognition across HD carriers.This research has been partially funded by the EITB Maratoia call for Rare Diseases (BIO17/ND/009) and by the Health Department of the Basque Government (2019111004)
Poland's euro challenge: economic and social consequences of euro adoption
No full textThe thesis analyses the economic implications of adopting the euro in Poland and to assess the potential benefits and challenges for its economy. This is done through a comparative analysis of variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade balance and government debt between Slovakia, Lithuania and Slovenia, countries with similarities to Poland that have already joined the euro, and Poland