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Disparities in ambient air pollution exposure among the U.S. population amid climate change
Full text linkAir pollution and climate change remain critical environmental challenges. Using integrated modeling (global change analysis model [GCAM] and TM5-FASST), we assess future U.S. ambient air pollution (PM2.5 and O3) and exposure disparities under climate mitigation scenarios. Nationally, annual mean O3 declines from 58.3 ppbv in 2010 to 47.3–54.1 ppbv by 2050, and PM2.5 decreases from 6.5 μgm to −3 to 4.6–5.7 μgm−3 depending on scenario. Regional differences persist, with elevated O3 along the West Coast, Northeast, and Great Lakes, and PM2.5 hotspots above 12 μgm−3 in the eastern U.S. Sensitivity analysis shows socioeconomic pathways drive >90% of early-term pollutant reduction variance, but their contribution declines to about 70% by mid-century. Disparities narrow between white and Black communities but widen between white and Asian groups, reflecting urban exposure patterns. These results highlight the importance of both emission targets and structural socioeconomic choices in shaping future air quality and underscore the need for targeted equity-focused interventions.The author would like to thank the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research (CGRER) Foundation for funding support. G.I. and N.G. are also affiliated with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which did not provide specific support for this paper. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily state or reflect those of the affiliated organizations or the US Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred
Enhancing fMRI Decoded Neurofeedback with Co-adaptive Training: Simulation and Proof-of-principle Evidence
No full textPublished on 5th February, 2026.A significant challenge for neurofeedback training research and related clinical applications, is participants' difficulty in learning to induce specific brain patterns during training. Here, we address this issue in the context of fMRI-based decoded neurofeedback (DecNef). Arguably, discrepancies between the data used to construct the decoder and the data used for neurofeedback training, such as differences in data distributions and experimental contexts, neural and non-neural noise, are likely the cause of the difficulties of the aforementioned participants. Here, we developed a co-adaptation procedure using standard machine learning algorithms. The procedure involves an adaptive decoder algorithm that is updated in real time based on its predictions across neurofeedback trials. First, we tested the procedure via simulations using a previous DecNef dataset and showed that decoder co-adaptation can improve performance during neurofeedback training. Importantly, a drift analysis demonstrated the stability of the co-adapted decoder throughout the neurofeedback training sessions. We then collected real time fMRI data in a DecNef training procedure to provide proof of concept evidence that co-adaptation enhances participant's ability to induce the target state during training. Thus, personalized decoders through co-adaptation can improve the precision and reliability of DecNef training protocols to target specific brain representations, with ramifications in translational research. The tools are made openly available to the scientific community.This study was supported from the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program and through the IKUR programme, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the ’Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres/Units of Excellence (CEX2020-001010-S), and from project grants PID2019-105494GB-I00 and PID2023-
149267NB-I00. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of
the manuscript
Entre las fuentes documentales y la activación de los imaginarios. Mapa de recursos para el estudio de la historia del ecologismo en España.
No full textEspainian ekologismoaren memoria berreskuratzeko ekarpena egin nahi du artikulu honek. Horretarako, memoria hori aktibatzeko iturri, artxibo eta proiektuz osatutako mapa bat aurkez-ten du, Artearen Historiako postulatuetatik eta ikasketa bisualetatik abiatutako ikerketa baten emaitza dena. Testuan ibilbide bibliografiko bat egiten da, hirurogeita hamarreko hamarkadako aitzindarieta-tik hasi eta azken azterlanak arte nabarmentzen ditu, ekintzaileek idatzitako iturrien eta esparru aka-demiko indartsuenen artean ingurumen historia pixkanaka txertatzearen garrantzia azpimarratzeko. Bigarren atal batean, memoria ekologista gordetzen duten artxibo monografikoak eta orokorrak erre-pasatzea planteatzen du artikuluak, haien sakabanaketa eta kontserbazio eskasa agerian utziz. Azke-nik, testuak oraintsuko proiektuak aztertzen ditu, hala nola "Arxiu Ecologista" erakusketa eta onlineko Archiecos artxiboa. Proiektu horien helburua mugimenduaren ikusizko eta ahozko kulturaren balioa handitzea da, gune ekintzaile eta akademikoen arteko lankidetzan oinarritutako ikerketak garatzeko premia nabarmenduz.; The article aims to contribute to the recovery of the memory of environmentalism in Spain. For this purpose, it presents a map of sources, archives and projects to activate such mem-ory, which is the result of research articulated from the postulates of Art History and Visual Stud-ies. The text takes the reader on a bibliographic journey, highlighting everything from the pio-neers of the seventies to the most recent studies, with the aim of underlining the importance of the sources written by activists and the progressive incorporation of environmental history into the most thriving academic fields. Secondly, the article reviews the archives that preserve the envi-ronmentalist memory, highlighting their dispersion and precarious conservation. And finally, the text analyzes recent projects such as the exhibition "Arxiu Ecologista" and the online archive Ar-chiecos, which seek to valorize the visual and oral culture of the movement, emphasizing the need to develop situated research anchored in the collaboration between activist and academic spaces.; El artículo quiere ser una aportación a la recuperación de la memoria del ecologismo en España. Para ello, presenta un mapa de fuentes, archivos y proyectos de activación de dicha me-moria, que es resultado de una investigación articulada desde los postulados de la historia del arte y estudios visuales. En el texto se lleva a cabo un recorrido bibliográfico en el que se destacan desde los pioneros de los setenta hasta los estudios más recientes, con el propósito de subrayar la impor-tancia de las fuentes escritas por activistas y la progresiva incorporación de la historia ambiental entre los ámbitos académicos más pujantes. En un segundo momento, el artículo se plantea un re-paso de los archivos monográficos y generales que conservan la memoria ecologista, evidenciando su dispersión y precaria conservación. Y por último, el texto analiza proyectos recientes como la exposición "Arxiu Ecologista" y el archivo online Archiecos, que buscan valorizar la cultura visual y oral del movimiento, enfatizando la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones situadas ancladas en la colaboración entre espacios activistas y académicos
SCOTTI DOUGLAS, VITTORIO (Ed.), Il vento del Sud. Intrecci e prospet-tive del Triennio Liberal. Politica, rivoluzione, reazione, Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli, 2024, 464 pp.
No full textLa complicidad femenina en Lisístrata de Aristófanes
No full text[ES En Lisístrata Aristófanes aborda el tema de la paz, tratado también en otras comedias, dando el protagonismo al mundo femenino. Hartas del sufrimiento que la guerra trae a sus familias, las mujeres, capitaneadas por la protagonista, deciden actuar unidas. La comedia explota los habituales tópicos sobre los defectos femeninos, en particular la afición al sexo, pero centra la atención en otro rasgo también tradicional de las mujeres, su espíritu solidario. Frente al individualismo masculino, ellas participan en un proyecto común, con el convencimiento de que conseguirán el éxito si colaboran todas juntas, sin distinción de edad, clase o procedencia.
Partiendo de aquí, en este artículo analizamos diversos aspectos. Por una parte, veremos cómo se refleja en la obra el papel tradicional de las mujeres a través de la caracterización de los personajes principales y las repercusiones en el ámbito doméstico que tiene su decisión. Por otro, pondremos el acento en aquellos aspectos que muestran el espíritu colaborativo de las mujeres, fundamental en esta comedia, pero presente también en el imaginario de los griegos.[EN] In Lysistrata, Aristophanes addresses the theme of peace—also present in other comedies—by foregrounding the female sphere. Tired of the suffering that war inflicts on their families, the women, led by the protagonist, decide to take collective action. The comedy plays on familiar stereotypes of female flaws, particularly their supposed obsession with sex, but it also highlights a defining trait of women: their spirit of solidarity. In contrast to male individualism, the women engage in a shared project, convinced that success depends on unified effort, regardless of age, class, or origin.
With this in mind, the article explores several dimensions. First, it examines how traditional gender roles are portrayed through the treatment of the main characters and the domestic consequences of their decision. Second, it emphasizes the collaborative spirit of the women –a central theme in the play and a recurring motif in the Greek imaginary.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del Grupo de Investigación "Relaciones políticas y categorías sociales en Grecia y Roma" (GIU21/009), financiado por la EHU
The Ocean Equity Index
Full text linkThe ocean is essential for humanity. Yet, inequity in ocean-based activities is widespread and accelerating. Addressing this requires governance approaches that can systematically measure equity and track progress9. Here we present the Ocean Equity Index (OEI)—a framework for assessing and improving equity in ocean initiatives, projects and policies. We apply the index, which scores twelve criteria, to case studies at local, national and global scales. We show that the OEI can generate structured data to support evidence-based decision-making across ocean sectors and scales. As a theoretically robust and widely applicable tool, the OEI can guide the design of more equitable ocean initiatives, projects or policies, ensuring better outcomes for coastal people and marine ecosystems.This work is a product of the Blue Justice Working Group, which is funded by the CESAB of the FRB. We thank F. Picone for support in developing the automated generation of the figure in the OEI Assessment and Visualization Form in the Supplementary Information. We thank D. Armitage, A. Bundy, S. Eger and P. Fabre for completing the case study assessments, and K. Nash for helpful consultations during the revision process. We thank S. McCormack from Visual Knowledge for the graphic design of Fig. 2. All authors acknowledge institutional support from their respective affiliations
Nanopatterned bioresorbable elastomeric scaffolds to promote neural, glial, and endothelial differentiation using human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells
Full text linkBioresorbable nanopatterned scaffolds functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) and graphene oxide (GO) have been shown to promote the differentiation of murine neural stem cells (mNSCs) toward neural and glial lineages. Herein, we aim to evaluate the compatibility of these scaffolds for the culture and differentiation of both human embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent (hiPSCs) stem cells. Our results indicate that PDA and GO scaffolds support the topographic alignment of hESCs and hiPSCs cultures, while preserving their pluripotency characteristics. Upon differentiation, PDA and GO scaffolds guide cell specification toward the neuroectoderm germ layer and the neural crest. This promotes enhanced differentiation into both neural and supportive glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Moreover, nanopatterned scaffolds also support the differentiation of hESCs and hiPSCs toward endothelial precursors. These findings establish a novel culture platform that enables combined differentiation pathways, potentially relevant for applications in personalized medicine and regenerative cell therapy.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work has been funded by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (grants COLAB22/07 and EHU-G24/08 to J.R.P and A.L.), the Basque Government (IT1751-22; to G.I. and IT1766-22; to A.L. and J-R.S.), the Health Department of the Basque Government (grants No. 2021333012 and 2023333035; to J.R.P and C.E.), grants PID2019-104766RB-C21 (J.R.P.), PID2023-152704OB-I00 (J.R.P. and G.I.) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by the European Union (NextGenerationEU) “Plan de Recuperación Transformación y Resiliencia,” PID2022-139821OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” (A.L. and J-R.S.), María de Maeztu Excellence Unit CEX2023-001303-M by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and POLIMERBIO SL (UPV/EHU contract 2023.0012), Project PI18/01299 and PI21/01187 to C.E., funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union (ERDF) “A way to make Europe,” ICI21/00095 to C.E. funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (NextGenerationEU), RICORS: (RD21/00017/0024, RD24/00014/0025) Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas TERAV/TERAV+ ISCIII to C.E. Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by European Union (NextGenerationEU) “Plan de Recuperación Transformación y Resiliencia.” I.M.R. and S.M.C. obtained a Ph.D. fellowship from University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (PIFBUR21/05 and PIF22/119 respectively). B.P.R obtained a Ph.D. fellowship from Basque Government (Ref. PRE_2023_2_0112). Y.P. has a Bikaintek PostDoc grant (010-B1/2023). The funding sources had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit it for publication
Distributional impact of the revision of the Energy Taxation Directive in the EU: a gender perspective
Full text linkAchieving the objectives outlined in the European Green Deal relies on the careful formulation of ambitious policies that make full use of existing tools, such as energy and environmental taxes. Within the "Fit for 55″ legislative package, the European Commission proposed a deep reform of the Energy Taxation Directive to update the current taxation and align it with current environmental goals. Nevertheless, the recent energy crisis, triggered by the war in Ukraine, along with concerns about the reform's potentially regressive consequences, has led to a standstill in negotiations. This study contributes to the debate by presenting new insights from a microsimulation model designed to evaluate the overnight distributional effects of the proposed ETD reform on households, with a particular focus on gender (analysed through the comparison of man-versus woman-headed households as a proxy), a perspective still largely overlooked in distributional assessments. This paper aims to examine whether the instruments proposed at the EU level can be designed to enhance rather than undermine social justice, considering an intersectional perspective. The results indicate that man-headed households in countries like Bulgaria, Italy, Poland, and Portugal would face greater welfare losses due to their higher reliance on fuel for private transport. In contrast, woman-headed households in countries like Belgium, Croatia, the Czech Republic, and Romania would be more affected by increased taxes on domestic energy, particularly for heating. Reductions in electricity tax rates, however, tend to benefit woman-headed households the most, as seen in Spain.The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union’s Horizon research program under grant agreement 101056306 (IAM COMPACT project)
Enseñar con evidencia. Lo que la ciencia revela sobre el arte de educar
No full text97 pEn educación, las decisiones que tomamos cada día, cómo explicar un contenido, qué tipo de tareas proponer, cómo organizar el aula, qué retroalimentación dar, influyen de manera directa en el aprendizaje y en el bienestar de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otras profesiones como la medicina, la enfermería o la psicología clínica, donde las prácticas se revisan y ajustan sistemáticamente a partir de investigaciones rigurosas, en el ámbito educativo todavía persiste una brecha entre lo que la ciencia sabe y lo que ocurre realmente en las aulas.
Este libro nace de la necesidad de acercar la investigación educativa al profesorado, no como un conjunto de recetas, sino como un marco que permite tomar decisiones más informadas, más eficaces y más justas. La evidencia científica no reemplaza la experiencia docente; la complementa, la afina y, en muchos casos, la desafía
Everyday nationalism in individualised political practices. Young left-wing Basque nationalists experiencing the nation in changing times
Full text linkThis article is based on a qualitative case study focusing on the ways in which young leftwing
nationalists in the Basque Country experience the nation in different areas of their
lives, outside of political organisations. The analysis shows, on the one hand, the
emergence of individualisation processes of youth practices in the current project of
reconstruction and reformulation of left-wing Basque nationalism and the incorporation
of these practices into everyday life. On the other hand, it confirms the diversification of
meanings attributed to the nation, which runs parallel to the inclusion of global political
agendas of the contemporary social movements in this current of nationalism, and the
plurality of interests and positions which the different young nationalists use to assert their
agency